In the Kamnik-Savinja Alps (Slovenia), the Lower Serla Dolomite laterally passes into a succession of thin- to medium-bedded bituminous limestones of the Velika planina member. The finely laminated ...lower part of this member contains well-preserved actinopterygian fish and sauropterygian remains. The research aimed to determine the sedimentological and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of the depositional basin on the basis of three detailed sedimentological sections logged atop the Velika planina plateau. The Velika planina member is underlain by a whitish to light grey, thick bedded to massive dolomite with oncoids, stromatolites, and lumachellas deposited under peritidal to shallow subtidal conditions. The lower part of the Velika planina member consists of thin, often platy, finely laminated beds of bituminous mudstone. The Chondrites ichnofossil is very common; however, in some beds numerous lingulid brachiopods, bivalves, and crinoids were observed. Fossil vertebrates and crustaceans are relatively rare and confined to a few levels. Ammonoids are very rare. Subordinate beds of intraclastic-peloid wackestone to packstone, intraclastic-bioclastic grainstone, and bivalve floatstone occur. Slumps are common. Upwards, bedding gradually becomes thicker and bioturbation more common. Finally, stromatolites, birdseye fenestrae, and oncoids reappear. The entire succession is confined to the early to middle Anisian by the foraminifer Citaella dinarica (KOCHANSKY-DEVIDÉ & PANTIĆ). The absence of breccias at the base of the Velika planina member, the gradual transition upwards into shallow marine carbonates, as well as the presence of sauropterygians of the order Nothosauroidea suggest deposition in a relatively shallow basin. The finely laminated facies of the lower part of the member indicates a stratified water column, with oxygenated near-surface waters and hypoxic to anoxic conditions near the sea floor.
Horseshoe crabs are an archetypal chelicerate group with a fossil record extending back to Early Ordovician time. Although extensively studied, the group generally has a low diversity across the ...Phanerozoic Eonothem. Here, we expand the known diversity of true horseshoe crabs (Xiphosurida) by the description of a new taxon from the Middle Triassic Strelovec Formation of the Slovenian Alps. The mostly complete fossil is preserved as an external mould and assigned to the family Limulidae Zittel, 1881 as Sloveniolimulus rudkini, n. gen., n. sp. The use of landmark and semilandmark geometric morphometrics is explored to corroborate the systematic palaeontology and suggests that the new genus and species are valid. We also provide the first quantitative evidence for the extensive diversity of Triassic horseshoe crabs. We suggest that Triassic horseshoe crabs likely filled many ecological niches left vacant after the end-Permian extinction.
Članek obravnava metodološke probleme vrednotenja geodiverzitete na primeru Krajinskega parka Logarska dolina. V njem sta predstavljeni in primerjani dve delno avtomatizirani metodi vrednotenja: prva ...združuje prostorsko odvisnost števila geomorfoloških in hidroloških elementov geodiverzitete s podatki o hrapavosti površja, druga pa upošteva tudi litološko sestavo. Indeksi geodiverzitete so bili izračunani z velikostjo rastrskih kvadratov 50 × 50 m z namenom primerjav in ugotavljanja posplošitev na preučevanem območju. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da vključitev litoloških elementov ni smiselna, če je litologija v vrednotenje že vključena preko geomorfoloških elementov, če z množenjem le poveča vrednost območij z visokim indeksom hrapavosti ali če so si tipi litoloških enot glede na značilnosti podobni.
Debris floods can cause large economic damage and endanger human lives. This paper presents an extreme May 2018 debris flood that occurred in northern Slovenia near the Krvavec ski resort and caused ...large economic damage. The debris flood was initiated by an extreme rainfall event with a return period of over 50 years. There were large differences in the measured rainfall amounts using different equipment. The estimated volume of the debris material during the event was 4000 m
3
/km
2
for the Brezovški graben. In order to mitigate the risk due to future debris flood and debris flow events, a check is planned to be constructed. The part of the design process is presented in this paper. Additionally, RAMMS model was used to validate the empirical equations that were used in the process of the check dam stability design. The model was calibrated using information about the deposition area. Two adjacent torrents were modelled, and we were not able to find a common RAMMS parameter set that would yield adequate simulation performance in both cases.
Soil degradation is a major environmental problem in many parts of the world, including Slovenia. The spatially distributed WATEM/SEDEM model can be used to identify the most critical parts of the ...catchment with regard to soil erosion. Five Slovenian (Central Europe) catchments with inhomogeneous topography, land use, geological conditions, hydro-meteorological properties and sizes (catchment areas between 1 and 2000 km²) were modeled with calibrated parameters, while the WATEM/SEDEM model was calibrated with an automatic parameter estimation procedure, which is model independent. Both direct and indirect information regarding sediment yields, including turbidity measurements, daily suspended sediment concentration observations and bed load observations, were used for the WATEM/SEDEM model’s calibration. A detailed rainfall erosivity (R) factor map, which was constructed from 5-min rainfall data from 31 pluviographic meteorological stations, was used as one of the inputs for the WATEM/SEDEM model. The calculated mean annual soil loss was between 0.3 and 7.4 t/ha/year, and the sediment delivery ratio (SDR) ranged from 0.07 to 0.22 for 5 modeled catchments. The results indicate that the SDR decreases with increasing catchment area; however, the ratio between the average sediment yield and mean soil erosion obviously depends on many other factors, e.g., topography, climatic and geological conditions. The parcel trap efficiency parameter for forests had the greatest influence on the WATEM/SEDEM model’s outputs in all five case studies.
The area of the eastern Kamnik-Savinja Alps was glaciated in the time of the Last Pleistocene Glacial Maximum (LGM). The glacial landforms mentioned by the previous researchers and other landforms in ...the area were examined, gemorphologically mapped, morphographically and morphometrically analysed and a new map of the extent of the LGM was produced. The research revealed several glaciers in the area and that their sizes differed, primarily depending on the slope inclination direction.
The Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik–Savinja Alps (in northern Slovenia) is one of the two remaining glaciers in Slovenia. It is located in a cirque oriented toward the northwest, which shields it from ...sunlight for most of the year. The glacier lies at an average elevation of 2070m. In recent years, its average area has measured around 1.5 hectares. Monitoring of the glacier has been performed since 1946. In 1962, regular photographing of the glacier with various cameras started from various non-fixed standpoints. Using the single image interactive orientation acquisition method, in which a single photograph is compared with the projection of a modern digital terrain model, seventeen photographs covering the period from 1970 to 2015 were used to acquire the 3D-perimeters of the glacier. The data shows that the elevation of glacier’s upper edge decreased by approximately 40m in the last half-century. Changes in the glacier’s area and average upper edge elevation were compared with average annual temperature and maximum seasonal snow cover depth.
Planinske koče so v neposeljenem gorskem svetu skoraj edini lokalni vir onesnaževanja. V raziskavi smo opredelili štiri okoljske vplive planinskih koč: oskrbovanje in ravnanje z odpadki, ogrevanje in ...pridobivanje električne energije, oskrba z vodo in ravnanje z odpadnimi vodami ter število in obnašanje obiskovalcev. S pomočjo ankete smo ocenili okoljske vplive izbranih planinskih koč. Najbolj problematična sta velika količina odpadkov in porabljene vode, kot dobro lahko označimo oskrbovanje, kot zelo dobro ogrevanje koč in pridobivanje električne energije.
The Triglav Glacier in the Julian Alps and the Skuta Glacier in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps are among the south-easternmost glaciers in the Alps. Historical data show that ice masses are undergoing mass ...loss as the overall climate warms. Glacier ice and cave ice contain a wealth of paleoclimatic information, and rapid sampling is needed if any such information is to be saved before the ice is completely melted. We present the first comprehensive geochemical and water isotope data from glacier ice, meltwater, spring water, and cave ice in the Mount Triglav area and glacier ice from the Skuta Glacier. The samples primarily reflect the initial precipitation signal that has been greatly modified by the input of local CaCO3-rich dust with lesser amounts of marine aerosol and vegetation debris.
Green jobs are considered to be the jobs of the future due to their substantial contribution to preserving or restoring the quality of the environment. These jobs imply protection of ecosystems and ...conservation of biodiversity since they facilitate reduction of waste and pollution. Among the existing natural resources of the Savinja Region, there are huge potentials for the new green jobs around the sites such as thermal springs and forests as natural habitats since the fertile soil provides opportunities for organic farming as well as the use of solar, water and wind energy for generating power from renewable natural resources. The principles of sustainable tourism development in the Republic of Slovenia dictating the principles of 'green, active and healthy' are 100% compatible with the exploitation of natural resources for tourism purposes. Sustainable tourism in the Savinja Region will yield the best possible results only if synergies are achieved in the interaction, in establishing and exploiting leverage to create green jobs, organic farming as well as the offer of the local cultural heritage. The Savinja Region has recognized this opportunity, but it is necessary to put in a lot of work in the first phase at raising awareness of individuals, households and businesses, whereas in the second, the efforts should be made towards the implementation and standardization of green jobs in practice.
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