Aided by personal documents and institutional archives that were closed for decades, this book recounts the development of physics—or, more aptly, science under stress—in Soviet Russia up to World ...War II. Focusing on Leningrad, center of Soviet physics until the late 1930s, Josephson discusses the impact of scientific, cultural, and political revolution on physicists' research and professional aspirations.
Political and social revolution in Russia threatened to confound the scientific revolution. Physicists eager to investigate new concepts of space, energy, light, and motion were forced to accommodate dialectical materialism and subordinate their interests to those of the state. They ultimately faced Stalinist purges and the shift of physics leadership to Moscow. This account of scientists cut off from their Western colleagues reveals a little-known part of the history of modern physics.
"From help to self-help" was the motto of an almost forgotten German-Jewish self-help organization, Emigrant Self-Help (E-S) in Stockholm. It existed from 1938 to 1973, shaped the lives of refugees, ...and enriched Stockholm’s cultural life with its events. For the first time, it is placed in its historical context, its successful social, charitable and cultural work is described and its protagonists, primarily Swedish and German Zionists as well as Communists, are introduced. The book also outlines how the Swedish Security Service assessed the help organizations activities and those of their members and how the image and self-image of E-S changed over time from 1945 to the present day.
The Vargas Era, over the years, has proved to be a very important period to research the history of the labor movement and Brazilian labor legislation, but one cannot look at this period without ...considering the external conjuncture. From 1939 to 1945, the outbreak of the Second World War, Brazil remained neutral until 1942, but the reflections of this conflict were felt by Brazilians from the first moments. The lack of basic necessities became part of the daily life of the population. Beef, the staple of working-class food, has been increased in price; On the other hand, this was an opportunity for cattle ranchers and refrigerator owners. Thus, the objective in this article is to analyze how this new context was administered by the government and the workers. For this, we will use a process of Labor Justice of Porto Alegre and news from the newspaper Correio do Povo.
The conjuncture of the end of World War II and the process of democratization in Brazil reshaped the perspectives of political and social participation of the working class, after the impact of the ...repressive escalation that fell on their leaders and organizations during most of the Estado Novo. It was also a context of rapprochement between workers, discourse and labor legal and administrative bodies, especially the Regional Labor Precincts (DRTs), the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT), the Labor Justice and the corporative union structure. In this context, communists, labor and other trade unions both acted jointly and disputed positions in the workers' organization and claims. This article analyzes the ways in which the trade union leaders and sectors of the Bahian working class welcomed the discourses of the “war effort”, of the labor / laborism and of the “National Union”, trying to apprehend the demands, expectations and forms of mobilization of unionists and portions of Bahian working class in the struggle for rights, in the context of democratization.
Two decades before the war against Ukraine, a “special operation” was launched against Russian historical memory, aggressively reshaping the nation’s understanding of its history and identity. The ...Kremlin’s militarization of Russia through World War II propaganda is well documented, but the glorification of Russian medieval society and its warlords as a source of support for Putinism has yet to be explored. This book offers the first comparison of Putin’s political neomedievalism and re-Stalinization and introduces the concept of mobmemory to the study of right-wing populism. It argues that the celebration of the oprichnina, Ivan the Terrible’s regime of state terror (1565–1572), has been fused with the rehabilitation of Stalinism to reconstruct the Russian Empire. The post-Soviet case suggests that the global obsession with the Middle Ages is not purely an aesthetic movement but a potential weapon against democracy. The book is intended for students, scholars, and non-specialists interested in understanding Russia’s anti-modern politics and the Russians’ support for the terror unleashed against Ukraine.
Abstract
On March 31, 1944, Captain of Justice G.V. Shliamar, an investigator of the Military Prosecutor’s Office (a member of the Extraordinary State Commission), examined a diary with entries about ...the beginning of the Nazi occupation of Kherson, which was sent to the military prosecutor’s office and eventually ended up in the archives of the commission in Moscow. The introductory article to the diary describes the historical context and the time of its creation. The source contains a description of events from July 5 to September 15, 1941, which allows us to trace the situation in Kherson and Southern Ukraine during the first months of the German–Soviet war. In particular, the author of the diary recorded the creation of a Jewish ghetto in Kherson, shortly before its liquidation and the organization of mass murder of the city’s Jewish population. Preparation of the diary for publication began in 2021, 80 years after the occupation of Kherson by German troops. On March 2, 2022, during the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, Kherson was occupied by Russian troops. This caused historical parallels, in particular through the instrumentalization of the history of the Second World War during the Russian aggression.
Le 21 novembre 1936, le Conseil de l’École des sciences sociales et politiques, rattachée à la Faculté de droit de l’Université de Lausanne, décide par neuf voix contre une, de proposer à la ...Commission universitaire (organe de décision de l’université) de décerner le doctorat honoris causa ès sciences sociales et politiques à Benito Mussolini. Cette distinction s’inscrit dans la politique très conciliante de la Confédération vis-à-vis du fascisme, et des sympathies d’alors d’une majorité des élites helvétiques pour l’Italie de Mussolini. Qu’est-ce qui a présidé au choix de décerner ce doctorat honoris causa ? Comment cette histoire a-t-elle été reconstruite depuis ? Qu’est-ce que cela nous révèle du rapport que la Suisse entretient avec le passé fasciste ?
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