About 3/4 of all wild bee species nest in the soil and spend much of their life cycle underground. These insects require suitable environmental conditions for nest construction and for the ...development and survival of their offspring. However, there is little quantitative information on the nesting habitat requirements and preferences of ground‐nesting bees. Moreover, there are almost no data on the effects of nesting conditions on these bees' fitness.
Here, to better understand the factors that influence nest‐site selection in ground‐nesting bees, we synthesise the literature on the nesting‐habitat associations of these important pollinators. We also review techniques that can be used to study the nesting preferences of ground‐nesting bees.
Our review reveals enormous variation among bee species in their associations with such nesting‐habitat attributes as soil texture, compaction, moisture, temperature, ground surface features, and proximity to conspecifics or floral resources. However, more studies—particularly experimental ones—are needed to segregate the influence of each factor on bees' choices of nesting location, since multiple factors are often correlated. It is also unclear whether nesting‐habitat associations vary geographically or seasonally within species, or phylogenetically among ground‐nesting bee species, partly because we lack information on nesting habitat for many species.
We argue that studies using established habitat‐selection methods are essential to properly identify nesting‐habitat preferences of ground‐nesting species. Finally, more research on nesting ecology is needed (especially in agroecosystems) to determine how best to support this diverse group of bees and the vital ecosystem service they provide.
We synthesise the literature on the nesting‐habitat associations of ground‐nesting bees, focussing on soil characteristics. We also review techniques that can be used to study these important pollinators.
Our review reveals enormous variation among bee species in their associations with soil nesting‐habitat attributes. However, we still lack information on the nesting habitat of many species.
More studies—particularly experimental ones—are needed to segregate the influence of each factor on bees' choices of nesting location, since multiple factors are often correlated.
ABSTRACT
Nest building is a taxonomically widespread and diverse trait that allows animals to alter local environments to create optimal conditions for offspring development. However, there is ...growing evidence that climate change is adversely affecting nest‐building in animals directly, for example via sea‐level rises that flood nests, reduced availability of building materials, and suboptimal sex allocation in species exhibiting temperature‐dependent sex determination. Climate change is also affecting nesting species indirectly, via range shifts into suboptimal nesting areas, reduced quality of nest‐building environments, and changes in interactions with nest predators and parasites. The ability of animals to adapt to sustained and rapid environmental change is crucial for the long‐term persistence of many species. Many animals are known to be capable of adjusting nesting behaviour adaptively across environmental gradients and in line with seasonal changes, and this existing plasticity potentially facilitates adaptation to anthropogenic climate change. However, whilst alterations in nesting phenology, site selection and design may facilitate short‐term adaptations, the ability of nest‐building animals to adapt over longer timescales is likely to be influenced by the heritable basis of such behaviour. We urgently need to understand how the behaviour and ecology of nest‐building in animals is affected by climate change, and particularly how altered patterns of nesting behaviour affect individual fitness and population persistence. We begin our review by summarising how predictable variation in environmental conditions influences nest‐building animals, before highlighting the ecological threats facing nest‐building animals experiencing anthropogenic climate change and examining the potential for changes in nest location and/or design to provide adaptive short‐ and long‐term responses to changing environmental conditions. We end by identifying areas that we believe warrant the most urgent attention for further research.
•A novel method is proposed to find the suitable locations for large-scale PV farms.•The method ranks suitable locations by determining sequential optimum locations.•Criteria weights are adjusted ...based on PV plant capacity.•The land of cost is included as a criterion in the decision process.
Effective and sustainable climate-friendly policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in line with the 2020 European Green Deal are necessary. Accordingly, renewable energies assumed a critical role, rendering the site selection of these systems very crucial. The present study proposes a novel approach to the site selection of large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants using a combination of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and geographic information system (GIS). In the study, the weights of criteria used for selecting solar PV panels are adjusted according to the installed capacity of the PV plant. The land of cost is included as a criterion in the AHP for the first time in PV plant site selection. Besides, a novel method called optimality-based site growing (OBSG) is introduced to further analyze the suitable sites obtained from GIS simulations and to determine the most suitable locations of PV farms. The proposed method is demonstrated with a case study of Türkiye, and the results show that the method effectively determines the most suitable locations for large-scale PV plants.
Wind energy has received greater attention than other energy resources due to its superior economics, low greenhouse gas emissions, and limitless wind resources. As a result, wind energy capacity has ...significantly increased, and the selection of the best locations for wind farms is an issue that has received extensive research. A significant step toward environmentally responsible land use planning is the site suitability assessment for the placement of wind farms. This study was conducted to determine the best locations for wind farms and to prioritize different locations and alternatives in the West of Turkey by using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Logistic Regression (LR) Methods based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Eight criteria were selected for creating the suitability map: air density, power density, wind speed, capacity factor, elevation, slope, aspect, and land use. Both methods were effective at choosing locations for wind farms because all the results were statistically significant in the consistency tests. MaxEnt calculated the potential wind energy fields with high accuracy and reliability with 0.915 AUC and LR multiple R square values of 0.883. Compared to the current installed power values, the MaxEnt analysis results were more consistent with the recent status. İzmir has been calculated as the province with the highest potential for wind energy area of 663 km2 by MaxEnt and 620.4 km2 by LR.
•MaxEnt calculated the potential wind energy fields with high accuracy and reliability with 0.915 AUC and LR multiple R square values of 0.883. Compared to the current installed power values, the results of MaxEnt analysis were found to be more consistent with recent status.•The comparison of the results of the MaxEnt analysis and the logistic regression shows that the criterion of the capacity factor is considered necessary in both cases.•In the end, it is noticeable that all existing wind turbines are located in areas with high potential, and there are regions that have not yet been installed but potentially have very high wind energy.
This paper conducts an analysis of the site selection methods for power grid material distribution centers. It proposes the fundamental principles for site selection and organizes and compares ...representative models and commonly used methods in site selection issues. Taking the establishment and solving process of the site selection model for power grid material distribution centers as an example, the specific methods and procedures of Sparrow Search Algorithm applied to site selection problems are explained, and analyzes the shortcomings of this method. Finally, building upon the comparison and summary of simulated annealing algorithm and Sparrow Search Algorithm in the preceding sections, this paper combines their strengths to propose an approach for optimizing the solution method that is, using the former to update the iterative optimal solution of the latter, in order to reduce the risk of falling into local optimization, enhance the accuracy of problem-solving, and improve distribution efficiency. This contributes as a reference for similar site planning and decision-making processes.
The waste-to-energy (WtE) project has attracted much attention from the society mainly because of the characteristic of environmental friendliness. And plant site selection occupies a prominent ...position during the whole life cycle of waste-to-energy project. In consideration of the ambiguity of subjective judgments of decision makers (DMs) and the compensation problem existing in decision process, we build a framework for WtE plant site selection decision utilizing a novel method with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). First of all, the criteria for optimal WtE plant siting are determined based on extended sustainability theory including four perspectives of economic, environment, society, and technology to meet the demand of current social development. Then, the TIFNs and the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric (TIFWG) operator are applied to describing the indefinite information and completing the conversion, so that the uncertainty and hesitation of decision information can be well expressed. Furthermore, the extended TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multiple attribute decision making) method in conjunction with PROMETHEE-II (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) method is utilized to rank the alternatives, which makes this framework more practical and applicable. Finally, a case from China certifies the validity of the proposed framework.
•An extended TODIM-PROMETHEE method was employed to select the optimal WtE site.•Evaluation index system for the WtE plant site selection was built.•The optimal WtE site was selected due to its highest net flow.•Sensitive analysis was performed to verify the robustness of decision result.
With the development of sharing economy and the advocacy of green travel, shared bicycles came into being and are rapidly popularized in major cities. Due to the large number of mountains in ...Chongqing, the popularity of bike sharing is not very high. However, as a frontier municipality with numerous colleges and universities, its future market is considerable. However, the popularity of bike sharing will also bring many problems, especially in vehicle management. If not handled properly, it will affect traffic and travel. In this paper, the problem of parking location for shared bicycles is studied, and it is suggested that the shared bicycles operating enterprises should build a fixed parking location. By analyzing the influencing factors of location selection and establishing relevant indicators, the feasibility of scientific location selection is verified based on an example of heuristic algorithm with the goal of minimizing the cost of capital consumption on the premise of ensuring the convenience of users. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective.
Abstract
As the construction of "Belt and Road Initiative" continues to advance, cities and large-scale infrastructure construction will be ushered in along the route, and there is an urgent need to ...quickly identify the geological situation of the engineering survey needs. Aerial physical prospecting has the characteristics of high efficiency and low cost, which can quickly identify the regional geology in a large area and provide geophysical basis for urban site selection and construction decisions, and has great potential in China’s "Belt and Road Initiative" construction.
Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are susceptible to the subjectivity of experts when especially they use linguistic terms for assessment. This subjectivity and vagueness in the ...evaluation process have been handled by the recent extensions of ordinary fuzzy sets such as type-2 fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets, Pythagorean fuzzy sets and neutrosophic sets. Pythagorean fuzzy sets are superior to the other extensions with a more flexible definition of membership function. A novel Pythagorean fuzzy AHP method has been developed for MCDM. The developed method has been applied to a landfill site selection problem for the city of Istanbul in Turkey. The proposed method has successfully evaluated the landfill location alternatives with respect to the considered criteria. The results are compared with ordinary fuzzy AHP, and it is revealed that the proposed method produces consistent and informative outcomes better representing the uncertainty of decision-making environment. Robustness of the decision given by the proposed method is ensured by conducting one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis.
•Methodological multi-criteria/attribute approach for agri-food warehouses location.•Analysis of criteria and attributes, assignment, and assessment of importance levels.•Development of the ...agribusiness location model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process.•A real case study for a banana distribution warehouse exemplifies the methodology.
Site selection for companies is a complex and unstructured problem that must be analyzed carefully and properly, since a localization error could drive to bankrupt. This problem has been discussed widely and effectively using multi-attribute methods in a manufacturing context, but it has been little studied in agribusiness. The goal of this work is a methodological approach oriented to evaluate optimal locations of new agri-food warehouses. Furthermore, a literature review is developed, analyzing the location problem and the attributes and techniques most widely used applied to agribusiness, and a case-study is presented in order to exemplify the methodological proposal. The multi-attribute technique called Analytic Hierarchy Process has been selected as the basis for the research, and it is applied to the real case study analyzed: the selection of a site for a new banana distribution warehouse. Six generic criteria have been analyzed: accessibility to the area, distance, cost, security of the region, local acceptance of the company, and its needs. The process includes the assignment of attributes to each one of the generic criteria, as well as the assessment of their importance levels. Three different areas of Guadalajara, Jalisco, and Mexico DF have been evaluated for the case-study, and the methodological proposal has been utilized to determine the best option.
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