In The Smile of Tragedy, Daniel Ahern examines Nietzsche’s attitude toward what he called “the tragic age of the Greeks,” showing it to be the foundation not only for his attack upon the birth of ...philosophy during the Socratic era but also for his overall critique of Western culture. Through an interpretation of “Dionysian pessimism,” Ahern clarifies the ways in which Nietzsche sees ethics and aesthetics as inseparable and how their theoretical separation is at the root of Western nihilism. Ahern explains why Nietzsche, in creating this precursor to a new aesthetics, rejects Aristotle’s medicinal interpretation of tragic art and concentrates on Apollinian cruelty as a form of intoxication without which there can be no art. Ahern shows that Nietzsche saw the human body as the vessel through which virtue and art are possible, as the path to an interpretation of “selflessness,” as the means to determining an order of rank among human beings, and as the site where ethics and aesthetics coincide.
Rationalizing Socrates' daimonion Ehli, Bridger
British journal for the history of philosophy,
03/2018, Letnik:
26, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
That Socrates took himself to possess a divine sign is well attested by ancient sources. Both Plato and Xenophon mention Socrates' daimonion on numerous occasions. What is problematic for ...contemporary scholars is that Socrates unfailingly obeys the warnings of his sign. Scholars have worried that Socrates seems to ascribe greater epistemic authority to his sign than his own critical reasoning. Moreover, he never so much as questions the authority of his sign to guide his actions, much less its divine nature. Socrates' unquestioning obedience to his sign thus appears to be in conflict with another of Socrates' defining characteristics: namely, his relentless rationality. However, Socrates does not seem to recognize such inconsistency. The problem of the daimonion, then, is this: is Socrates' professed commitment to rationality consistent with his unquestioning deference to his daimonion's warnings? And if so, how? In this paper, I first discuss several solutions to the problem of the daimonion. I aim to show that none of the accounts of Socrates' sign that have appeared in the scholarly literature are adequate. I then propose a new account of the daimonion, which, I argue, secures the rationality of Socrates' obedience to his divine sign.
Abstract
A careful methodology can enable us to be confident in the idea, largely neglected by historiography, that Socrates understood the relationships between men, the gods and wealth, in a very ...different manner to that of the large majority of his contemporaries. While the latter thought that the rites could lead the gods to bring them prosperity, that wealth was a blessing, Socrates was convinced of the opposite: wealth was not, in his view, a blessing, and had nothing to do with the gods. This was able to draw a few Athenians to think that philosophy could threaten the practice of religious rituals.
In this essay, I explain and clarify Jacob Klein’s significant yet difficult account of how to read a Platonic dialogue. I argue that Klein takes Plato’s dialogues to be discursively incomplete ...dramas that the audience is asked to make whole by its participation. A Platonic dialogue thus comes into being only when readers or auditors examine the arguments and themselves.
Penelitian pengembangan media ini bertujuan untuk melatih siswa dalam melakukan kegiatan berpikir kritis dalam materi penjumlahan bilangan bulat Matematika, untuk mengetahui besarnya kemampuan ...berpikir kritis, serta untuk mengetahui keefektifan penerapan media CRIMI (Critical Money Integers) yang berbasis metode Socrates pada kelas 6. Dalam proses pengimplementasian media pada siswa, uji coba media CRIMI dilakukan di SDN Suruh 01 kelas 6. Variabel bebas pada penelitian pengembangan media ini adalah media CRIMI (X) yang berbasis metode Socrates. Sedangkan variabel terikat penelitian pengembangan ini adalah berpikir kritis (Y). Teknik pengambilan data berupa observasi, tes dan non-tes. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes. Adapun dilakukan uji validitas oleh ahli materi dan media untuk memvalidasi penggunaan media CRIMI sebelum diuji cobakan pada siswa menggunanakan teknik non-tes. Pada penelitian pengembangan media ini, uji efektifitas pengimplementasian media dilakukan dengan teknik tes yaitu Pre-test dan Post-test. Setelah itu uji normalitas persebaran data dan uji-t dilakukan setelah mendapatkan hasil pengimplementasian media. Hasil penelitian ini menunujukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penggunaan media CRIMI terhadap kelas 6 SDN Suruh 01, dan hasil uji hipotesis secara statistik adalah H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media CRIMI yang berbasis metode Socrates dapat diimplementasikan untuk melatih dan mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam memahami materi penjumlahan bilangan bulat kelas 6.
Sokrates’ Verlegenheit(en) Duc, Viet Anh Nguyen
Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie,
03/2023, Letnik:
71, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article aims at conceptualising the notion of embarrassment as a negativistic figure of thought that takes the experience of one’s own non-sovereignty as a starting point and emphasises an ...engagement with situations of not-knowing. This consideration is clarified in discussion with the figure of Socrates or with the philosophical attitude of Socrates. Because the negativistic thrust of the conceptualisation undertaken is reminiscent of irony, the paper then addresses the question of what distinguishes embarrassment understood as a figure of thought from irony. For this purpose, Kierkegaard’s reading of Socratic irony is drawn upon. It is shown that irony is inherently a negativism, which in the last consequence aims at a retention of rights; but this is exactly what embarrassment avoids, because, as the article shows, it is not a negativism of strength, but of weakness.
ATOPIA IN PIERRE HADOT de Almeida, George Matias, Jr
Revista Archai: Revista de Estudos Sobre as Origens do Pensamento Ocidental,
09/2016
18
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We will present some aspects of Pierre Hadot's conception of ancient philosophy understood as "way of life" and practised through the so called "spiritual exercises", the author's main thesis in the ...works which we propose to evaluate. From this perspective, we firstly emphasize the relevance of the figure of Socrates in the constitution of Hadot's point of view and, above all, how the author mobilises the notion of atopia, which can be broadly understood as the philosopher's strangeness (etrangete) in the human world, derived from the figure of Socrates in Plato's dialogues. Secondly, we present the meanings of this strangeness, pointing out its origins, some of its conceptual possibilities as well as some of the aporiai which lie in Hadot's thesis. We also believe that Hadot's reflection, besides bringing out the question of atopia, seems to be atopic itself in a sense that it will be pointed out.
Although the Socratic method is commonly understood as a style of pedagogy involving cross-questioning between teacher and student, there has long been debate among scholars of ancient philosophy ...about how this method as attributed to Socrates should be defined or, indeed, whether Socrates can be said to have used any single, uniform method at all distinctive to his way of philosophizing. This volume brings together essays by classicists and philosophers examining this controversy anew.
The point of departure for many of those engaged in the debate has been the identification of Socratic method with the elenchus as a technique of logical argumentation aimed at refuting an interlocutor, which Gregory Vlastos highlighted in an influential article in 1983. The essays in this volume look again at many of the issues to which Vlastos drew attention but also seek to broaden the discussion well beyond the limits of his formulation.
Some contributors question the suitability of the elenchus as a general description of how Socrates engages his interlocutors; others trace the historical origins of the kinds of argumentation Socrates employs; others explore methods in addition to the elenchus that Socrates uses; several propose new ways of thinking about Socratic practices. Eight essays focus on specific dialogues, each examining why Plato has Socrates use the particular methods he does in the context defined by the dialogue. Overall, representing a wide range of approaches in Platonic scholarship, the volume aims to enliven and reorient the debate over Socratic method so as to set a new agenda for future research.
Contributors are Hayden W. Ausland, Hugh H. Benson, Thomas C. Brickhouse, Michelle Carpenter, John M. Carvalho, Lloyd P. Gerson, Francisco J. Gonzalez, James H. Lesher, Mark McPherran, Ronald M. Polansky, Gerald A. Press, François Renaud, and W. Thomas Schmid, Nicholas D. Smith, P. Christopher Smith, Harold Tarrant, Joanne B. Waugh, and Charles M. Young.
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