Au début du XVIe siècle, les princes de la maison de Bourgogne-Habsbourg, Philippe le Beau et son fils Charles, effectuent plusieurs voyages à destination de l’Espagne, voyages qui vont radicalement ...transformer l’horizon de leurs possibles politiques. Philippe deviendra roi-consort de Castille avec son épouse Jeanne, Charles souverain de tous les royaumes espagnols en tant qu’héritier des Rois Catholiques. L’acquisition d’un titre, d’une dignité et de pouvoirs royaux constitue, depuis au moins la seconde partie du règne de Philippe le Bon, l’un des objectifs politiques majeurs des souverains des Pays-Bas. Cet article examine comment, alors que cette couronne apparaît comme plus tangible que jamais, les auteurs de cour gravitant autour de Philippe le Beau et Charles de Habsbourg élaborent des récits du voyage de leurs maîtres vers la Péninsule ibérique. Ils y dessinent une stature et une image royale permettant de légitimer Philippe et Charles dans leur nouvelle fonction. Ces auteurs font également émerger un modèle de monarchie particulier, qu’ils inscrivent à la croisée de l’action politique menée par les ducs de Bourgogne et les Rois catholiques, et qu’ils lient solidement à ce qu’ils considèrent comme les forces vives d’Espagne : les Grands et les Cortès. Ces auteurs témoignent enfin d’un moment d’intense réflexion politique dans les Pays-Bas, particulièrement centré sur la royauté, quelques temps seulement avant que l’élection impériale de Charles (désormais Quint) ne rebatte à nouveaux les cartes d’un imaginaire politique en mutation constante.
De leeuw eindelijk gekroond. Politiek denken en koninklijke beeldvorming tijdens de eerste Spaanse reizen van de Habsburgs-Bourgondische vorsten.
Aan het begin van de 16e eeuw brengen opeenvolgende reizen Filips de Schone en zijn zoon Karel naar het Spaanse schiereiland, een land waar hun politieke horizon drastisch wordt verlegd. Dankzij zijn huwelijk met Johanna wordt Filips er koning gemaal van Castilië ; Karel, op zijn beurt, zal als erfgenaam van de Katholieke Koningen over alle Spaanse koninkrijken heersen. Ten minste sinds de tweede helft van de regeerperiode van Filips de Goede behoorden koninklijke titel, waardigheid en macht tot de belangrijkste politieke doelstellingen van de hertogen van Bourgondië. Dit artikel onderzoekt hoe schrijvers aan het hof van Filips en Karel de reizen van hun meesters naar het Spaanse schiereiland verhalen op het ogenblik dat de felbegeerde kroon eindelijk binnen bereik ligt. Om beide heersers’ legitimiteit in hun nieuwe functie te benadrukken, schetsen de auteurs een nieuw beeld van het koningschap. Zij scheppen daarbij een eigen model voor de monarchie, gebaseerd op de politieke ondernemingen en ambities van zowel de hertogen van Bourgondië als de Katholieke Koningen. Een bijzondere nadruk ligt ook op de rol van de politieke krachten in Spanje : de Grandes en de Cortes. Het werk van deze schrijvers getuigt van de intense politieke beschouwingen omtrent koningschap die in de Nederlanden plaatsvonden vóór de keizerlijke verkiezing van Karel de kaarten van de politieke beeldvorming enkele jaren later eens te meer door elkaar schudde.
The Lion Finally Crowned. Political Thought and Royal Imaginary during the First Spanish Journeys of the Princes of the House Burgundy-Habsburg.
In the beginning of the 16th century, the princes of the House of Burgundy-Habsburg, Philip the Fair and his son Charles, travelled several times to Spain. These travels radically transformed the scope of their political possibilities. Philip became king consort of Castile, along with his spouse Joanna, while Charles, as heir to the Catholic Kings, seized the crowns of all the Spanish Kingdoms. At least since the second half of Philip the Good’s reign, the main political objective of the rulers of the Low Countries was the acquisition of a royal title, dignity, and power. This paper examines how, at a time when such a crown was in their reach, the courtly authors of Philip the Fair and Charles of Habsburg wrote elaborate travel accounts of their masters’ journeys to Spain. In their narrations, they created a royal figure and image that legitimated their masters’ place in their new function. They also established a new distinctive model of monarchy, which they inscribed at the crossroads of the political actions of the Dukes of Burgundy and those of the Catholic Kings. Furthermore, they connected this type of kingship to what they considered to be the main political forces of Spain : the Grandees and the Spanish Cortes. Lastly, their narratives capture a time of intense reflection on monarchical politics in the Low Countries shortly before the Imperial Election of Charles v redesigned the political landscape.
When J. H. Elliott publishedSpain and Its World, 1500-1700some twenty years ago, one of many enthusiasts declared, "For anyone interested in the history of empire, of Europe and of Spain, here is a ...book to keep within reach, to read, to study and to enjoy" (Times Literary Supplement). Since then Elliott has continued to explore the history of Spain and the Hispanic world with originality and insight, producing some of the most influential work in the field. In this new volume he gathers writings that reflect his recent research and thinking on politics, art, culture, and ideas in Europe and the colonial worlds between 1500 and 1800.
The volume includes fourteen essays, lectures, and articles of remarkable breadth and freshness, written with Elliott's characteristic brio. It includes an unpublished lecture in honor of the late Hugh Trevor-Roper. Organized around three themes-early modern Europe, European overseas expansion, and the works and historical context of El Greco, Velázquez, Rubens, and Van Dyck-the book offers a rich survey of the themes at the heart of Elliott's interests throughout a career distinguished by excellence and innovation.
Changing land use is increasingly known to affect on-site landscape properties, nevertheless off-site effects are often neglected. A single process landscape evolution model (LandscApe ProcesS ...modelling at mUlti dimensions and scaleS (LAPSUS)) is used to explore the impacts of land use changes on landscape and soil properties. Examples are shown for both on-site as well as off-site effects of land use change and the influence of different pathways of change. A case study area near Álora, in the province of Málaga, south Spain is selected. In this area the main land use consists of citrus, olive/almond, wheat, semi-natural vegetation and a rest group (bare, river beds, urban). For a period of 10 years LAPSUS calculates soil redistribution (erosion and sedimentation) for different scenarios of input parameters. These inputs are a digital elevation model (e.g. slope lengths and angles), precipitation, soil erodibility, and land use related infiltration. For each scenario, different assumptions are made on direction and rate of land use change. As an example, effects of abandonment of olive orchards are demonstrated, simulating both a fast and gradual change for a period of 10 years. Each scenario produces different spatial and temporal patterns of total amounts of erosion and sedimentation throughout the landscape. As a result, potential land use related parameters like soil depth, infiltration and flooding risk change significantly too. The scenario of an abrupt change produces the highest erosion rates compared to the gradual change scenario and the baseline scenario. However, because of the multi-dimensional characteristics of the landscape, not only the area suffering from land use changes is affected. Increasing erosion and run-off rates from upstream-located olive orchards have an impact on down slope local run-on, erosion and sedimentation rates. In this case, the citrus orchards situated in the valley bottom locally suffer damages from re-sedimentation events but benefit from the increase in run-on water and nutrients. Concluding, off-site effects from an exogenous driven change in land use (EC subsidies) can trigger endogenous land use changes in adjacent areas.
From bloodthirsty conquest to exotic romance, stereotypes of Spain abound. This new volume by distinguished historian Stanley G. Payne draws on his half-century of experience to offer a balanced, ...broadly chronological survey of Spanish history from the Visigoths to the present. Who were the first “Spaniards”? Is Spain a fully Western country? Was Spanish liberalism a failure? Examining Spain’s unique role in the larger history of Western Europe, Payne reinterprets key aspects of the country’s history.     Topics include Muslim culture in the peninsula, the Spanish monarchy, the empire, and the relationship between Spain and Portugal. Turning to the twentieth century, Payne discusses the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War. The book’s final chapters focus on the Franco regime, the nature of Spanish fascism, and the special role of the military. Analyzing the figure of Franco himself, Payne seeks to explain why some Spaniards still regard him with respect, while many others view the late dictator with profound loathing.     Framed by reflections on the author’s own formation as a Hispanist and his evaluation of the controversy about “historical memory” in contemporary Spain, this volume offers deeply informed insights into both the history and the historiography of a unique country.
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