Population parameters of Polymesoda erosa and P. expansa in Marudu Bay were estimated based on 1 year (June 2017 to May 2018) monthly length-weight frequency data. A total of 1087 and 2057 specimens ...of P. erosa and P. expansa, respectively were successfully collected and analysed. Results of the study demonstrated that the estimated asymptotic length (Linfi;), growth coefficient (K), total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and growth performance (ф) of P. erosa were 92.4 mm, 0.76 yr-1, 2.22 yr-1, 0.76 yr-1, 1.44 yr-1 and 3.81 yr-1, respectively. The exponent b of the length-weight relationship was 2.27 and exploitation level (E) was 0.65. On the other hand, the asymptotic length (L ), growth coefficient (K), total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and growth performance (ф) of P. expansa were 92.4 mm, 0.82 yr-1, 2.77 yr-1, 0.82 yr-1, 1.95 yr-1 and 3.85 yr-1, respectively. The exponent b of the length-weight relationship was 2.24 and exploitation level (e) was 0.7. The condition index of P. erosa and P. expansa were 2.28±0.49 and 2.31±0.67, respectively. It was also noted that both P. erosa and P. expansa exhibited continuous recruitment with the peak in June and November, respectively. However, they seemed to experience over-fishing as evidenced by the level of exploitation which was beyond the maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Hence, immediate implementation of a sustainable management plan is critically needed to ensure this resource remains viable in Marudu bay.
...the 1986-97 period is eulogized as Malaysia's golden age; from 1990 to 1996 the economy grew at an average annual rate of 8.5%, the longest period of sus- tained high growth in Malaysian history. ......under the Mahathir Administration profound changes in policy also saw a shift in the direction and outlook of the technocracy and a re-definition of their role in economic decision- making.
The effect of synthesis conditions on the preparation and properties of three novel zeolites TUN, IMF, and -SVR was investigated and compared with MFI. X-ray powder diffraction, infrared ...spectroscopy, chemical analysis, sorption measurements, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to characterize the textural and chemical properties of these zeolites. FTIR spectroscopy in combination with pyridine as probe molecule was used to describe the type, concentration and acid strength of these zeolites. Zeolite -SVR was synthesized with Si/Al ratios higher than 100 in contrast with TUN and IMF having Si/Al ratios about 20–30, respectively. TUN, MFI and IMF zeolites exhibit similar concentrations of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites and also similar acid strength of Brønsted sites. In contrast, the presence of one vacancy/unit cell in the case of -SVR zeolite substantially changes its acidic properties. Generally, zeolites TUN and IMF exhibit similar acidic properties in terms of acid strength and Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratio like MFI and due to their slightly larger pores higher activities in catalytic reactions are expected.
Visible light communication (VLC) is an emerging optical wireless technology which has the potential to complement existing radio frequency (RF) communication systems aiming at exploiting the ...advantages of both networks. The concept of such complementing as hybrid VLC/RF systems is well understood theoretically but not much has been done on practical realization. In this paper, we report implementation details of a hybrid VLC/RF point-to-point system, where two nodes are connected with each other via VLC and RF links. In this implementation, we consider VLC link as primary link therefore it will always be an active link whenever it is available. Nodes are capable of vertical handover between two types of communication links in case of primary (VLC) link failure and restoration. The VLC link state plays important role so we describe a continuous link monitoring protocol and criteria for switching between VLC and RF links. To switch between two links a Linux kernel bonding driver has been used. A simple link monitoring protocol has been implemented for VLC link state and it is passed continuously to bonding driver for decision. Performance of this system has been evaluated for user datagram protocol (UDP) content distribution while handover. Hence, a simple hybrid system capable of handover between VLC and RF links has been achieved.
In Eighteen Lectures on Dunhuang, Professor Rong Xinjiang provides a reliable, yet accessible, overview of the discovery of the Dunhuang manuscripts, the emergence of the field of Dunhuang studies ...and its contribution to scholarship both in China and the West.
Malaysia in 2011 O'Shannassy, Michael
Asian survey,
01/2012, Letnik:
52, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Ethno-religious controversies, noisy demands for political change, and growing concerns over the slow pace of crucial economic reforms all served to highlight Malaysia's constantly shifting ...sociopolitical terrain in 2011. With the prospect of an early general election, it remains to be seen whether the ruling coalition can regain the middle ground.
Dealumination, desilication and silylation of TUN zeolite was investigated and related to the catalytic behavior in toluene disproportionation and its alkylation with isopropyl alcohol. Only ...negligible concentration of acid sites was identified on the “external” surface of parent TUN zeolite and this concentration increased with increasing desilication. Silylation resulted in channel narrowing and probably some plugging. As a result, significant increase in the
para-selectivity in toluene disproportionation and its alkylation with isopropyl alcohol was achieved. No changes in toluene conversion were observed for all parent and modified samples in toluene alkylation confirming diffusion and transport of products as the rate determining step in 10-ring zeolites. Selectivity to cymenes and
p-cymene decreased with dealumination as well as desilication. In contrast, silylation increased both cymene (80%) and
p-cymene (90%) selectivity in toluene alkylation.
At the end of the nineteenth century, cycling's popularity surged in the Boston area, but by 1900, the trend faded. Within the next few decades, automobiles became commonplace and roads were ...refashioned to serve them. Lorenz J. Finison argues that bicycling witnessed a renaissance in the 1970s as concerns over physical and environmental health coalesced. Whether cyclists hit the roads on their way to work or to work out, went off-road in the mountains or to race via cyclocross and BMX, or took part in charity rides, biking was back in a major way.
Finison traces the city's cycling history, chronicling the activities of environmental and social justice activists, stories of women breaking into male-dominated professions by becoming bike messengers and mechanics, and challenges faced by African American cyclists. Making use of newspaper archives, newly discovered records of local biking organizations, and interviews with Boston-area bicyclists and bike builders, Boston's TwentiethCentury Bicycling Renaissance brings these voices and battles back to life.
In colonial America, the system of "warning out" was distinctive to New England, a way for a community to regulate those to whom it would extend welfare.Robert Love's Warningsanimates this nearly ...forgotten aspect of colonial life, richly detailing the moral and legal basis of the practice and the religious and humanistic vision of those who enforced it.Historians Cornelia H. Dayton and Sharon V. Salinger follow one otherwise obscure town clerk, Robert Love, as he walked through Boston's streets to tell sojourners, "in His Majesty's Name," that they were warned to depart the town in fourteen days. This declaration meant not that newcomers literally had to leave, but that they could not claim legal settlement or rely on town poor relief. Warned youths and adults could reside, work, marry, or buy a house in the city. If they became needy, their relief was paid for by the province treasurer. Warning thus functioned as a registration system, encouraging the flow of labor and protecting town coffers.Between 1765 and 1774, Robert Love warned four thousand itinerants, including youthful migrant workers, demobilized British soldiers, recently exiled Acadians, and women following the redcoats who occupied Boston in 1768. Appointed warner at age sixty-eight owing to his unusual capacity for remembering faces, Love kept meticulous records of the sojourners he spoke to, including where they lodged and whether they were lame, ragged, drunk, impudent, homeless, or begging. Through these documents, Dayton and Salinger reconstruct the biographies of travelers, exploring why so many people were on the move throughout the British Atlantic and why they came to Boston. With a fresh interpretation of the role that warning played in Boston's civic structure and street life,Robert Love's Warningsreveals the complex legal, social, and political landscape of New England in the decade before the Revolution.
