Non-exclusive breastfeeding is becoming a major cause of infant and child morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia.
To assess the prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding ...and its factors in the first 6 months life of infants among mother-infant pairs of 6–12 months in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019.
A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 860 mother-infant pairs of 6–12 months in Debre Tabor Town, from March 1–30/2019. To select study participants cluster sampling technique was employed. Data were entered into EPI info version 7.2.0.1 and exported to SPSS window version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables. The odds' ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed.
The prevalence of non-exclusive breastfeeding of mothers to their infants within the first 6 months was found to be 39.8% (95% CI: 36.6–43.0). Mothers whose husbands had no formal education (Adjusted odds ratio AOR = 6.60 95%CI: 4.14, 10.41), primary education (AOR = 4.30 95% CI: 2.62, 7.20), Mothers governmental employed (AOR = 8.20 95% CI: 5.191, 12.940), daily laborer (AOR = 1.70 95% CI: 1.01, 2.90), merchant mothers (AOR = 0.44 95% CI: 0.35, 0.90), and Mothers who had no post-natal care follow up for current baby in health service (AOR = 2.40 95% CI: 1.56, 3.76) were significantly associated with outcome.
and Recommendations: High proportion of mothers practiced Early Initiation of Complementary feeding within the first 6 months. Husbands had no formal education, primary education maternal governmental employed, daily laborer, merchant, and mothers who had no post-natal follow up where were found to be a predictors variable. Hence,; it is better to increase annual leave for delivered mothers, improve awareness of husbands towards benefits of introducing complementary feeding timely, and advise mothers to improve post-natal period follow up.
Non-exclusive breastfeeding, Debre tabor town, Ethiopia
In this paper, icons are understood as holy images in a broad sense, including murals, mosaics and miniatures. An icon is considered as a channel of communication with the sacred reality revealing ...itself through the icon. The numinous experience of ascetics during their devotional prayers in front of icons is described and conceptualised. This experience is categorised following its increasing intensity: (1) visions of a tunnel extending beyond the icon; (2) gleaming of icons; (3) apparitions of Christ or saints depicted on the icon; and finally, as a climactic point, (4) rapture or ‘energy discharge’. In particular, the images of a tunnel, transcending the icon and extending beyond its surface, can be found in some miniatures, frescoes, and icons of the 13th – 15th centuries as well as in some patterns of spatial ornamentation in Serbian and Bulgarian churches. The author argues that images of glowing icons reflect real ecstatic experience evoked when praying in front of icons. Then the paper turns to icons that represent apparitions of Christ or other holy figures to ascetics praying in front of their icons. Finally, the topic of ‘hidden’, i.e., veiled or curtained icons in Cypriot monasteries is explored. This tradition, which implies that a person can be “punished” for looking at or touching a miraculous icon, has, as the paper suggests, a completely different meaning. It is not addressed to all pilgrims, as it was customarily understood, but only to ascetics. According to Gregory Palamas, a true ascetic is able to sense uncreated energies, and this ability is a danger and a grace at the same time. Статья рассматривает икону как канал связи с сакральным миром, который являет себя через неё, и ставит задачу описать нуминозный опыт подвижников во время предстояния иконе. Этот опыт классифицируется, в порядке возрастания его интенсивности, следующим образом: (1) ощущение туннеля, уходящего за икону; (2) свечение иконы; (3) явление Христа или святого, изображённого на иконе; (4) в пределе, как возможность – энергетический удар. Материал для описания этих явлений содержится в самих иконах, свидетельствах адептов, а также в преданиях и легендах вокруг чудотворных икон. «Икона» понимается в статье в широком смысле, включая фрески, мозаики и миниатюры. Автор привлекает внимание к изображениям туннеля, уходящего как бы за плоскость иконы, на ряде миниатюр, фресок и икон XIII–XV вв. Указывается также на пространственный орнамент в сербских и болгарских церквях, среди примеров которого есть и изображения туннеля как такового. Автор обращается далее к теме изображения свечения иконы на самих же иконах, приводит примеры таких сюжетов и высказывает мнение, что эта тема возникла как отображение реального опыта подвижников. Далее рассматриваются иконы, на которых отображено явление Христа, Богоматери или святых подвижникам во время их предстояния перед иконой. Наконец, автор исследует тему сокрытых, то есть закрытых покрывалом или занавешенных, икон в кипрских монастырях. Предполагается, что эта традиция, подразумевающая, что человек может быть «наказан» за взгляд или прикосновение к чудотворной иконе, имеет совсем другой смысл и обращена не к каждому паломнику, как это принято считать, а к подвижникам: именно они способны ощущать нетварные энергии особенно остро, как об этом писал св. Григорий Палама, – и это не только опасность, но и благодать.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of postpartum modern family planning utilization and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Debre Tabor town, North West Ethiopia, 2018.
The ...proportion of postpartum modern contraceptive utilization in Debre Tabor town was 63% (95% CI 59%, 67.4%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis; age of the mother (25-29) AOR: 2.004 (95% CI 1.079, 3.722), married women AOR 4.804 (95% CI 1.843, 12.521), return of menses AOR: 3.639 (95% CI 2.454, 5.396) and previous history of family planning AOR: 2.409 (95% CI 1.474, 3.937) were the factors positively associated with utilization of postpartum modern contraceptive.
Ethiopian Qene (traditional and living oral poetry) intertwines biblical interpretation with the observation of nature and critique of current events. It is always delivered as improvisation. It is ...performed in traditional schools, as well as at liturgical and social events. It contains metaphors, rhymes, and rhythm. It includes important values and is useful for theological studies and biblical hermeneutics.
The widespread usage of protein expression systems in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a workhorse of molecular biology research that has practical applications in biotechnology industry, including the ...production of pharmaceutical drugs. Various factors can strongly affect the successful construction and stable maintenance of clones and the resulting biosynthesis levels. These include an appropriate selection of recombinant hosts, expression systems, regulation of promoters, the repression level at an uninduced state, growth temperature, codon usage, codon context, mRNA secondary structure, translation kinetics, the presence/absence of chaperons and others. However, optimization of the growth medium's composition is often overlooked. We systematically evaluate this factor, which can have a dramatic effect on the expression of recombinant proteins, especially those which are toxic to a recombinant host.
Commonly used animal tissue- and plant-based media were evaluated using a series of clones in pET vector, containing expressed Open Reading Frames (ORFs) with a wide spectrum of toxicity to the recombinant E. coli: (i) gfpuv (nontoxic); (ii) tp84_28-which codes for thermophilic endolysin (moderately toxic); and (iii) tthHB27IRM-which codes for thermophilic restriction endonuclease-methyltransferase (REase-MTase)-RM.TthHB27I (very toxic). The use of plant-derived peptones (soy peptone and malt extract) in a culture medium causes the T7-lac expression system to leak. We show that the presence of raffinose and stachyose (galactoside derivatives) in those peptones causes premature and uncontrolled induction of gene expression, which affects the course of the culture, the stability of clones and biosynthesis levels.
The use of plant-derived peptones in a culture medium when using T7-lac hybrid promoter expression systems, such as Tabor-Studier, can lead to uncontrolled production of a recombinant protein. These conclusions also extend to other, lac operator-controlled promoters. In the case of proteins which are toxic to a recombinant host, this can result in mutations or deletions in the expression vector and/or cloned gene, the death of the host or highly decreased expression levels. This phenomenon is caused by the content of certain saccharides in plant peptones, some of which (galactosides) may act as T7-lac promoter inducer by interacting with a Lac repressor. Thus, when attempting to overexpress toxic proteins, it is recommended to either not use plant-derived media or to use them with caution and perform a pilot-scale evaluation of the derepression effect on a case-by-case basis.
Plemićki grad Veliki Tabor jedan je od najbolje sačuvanih kasnosrednjovjekovnih i renesansnih utvrđenih gradova na području sjeverozapadne Hrvatske. U njegovu fundusu čuva se sedam glazbenih ...instrumenata. Premda je to relativno skromna brojka, zastupljeni su ne samo zanimljivi nego i naoko neobični primjerci. Najviše je trzalačkih instrumenata: dvije citre, mandolina i dvije drombulje. Instrumente s tipkama predstavlja stolni klavir, a puhačke (uvjetno rečeno) poštanski rog. Instrumenti se čuvaju unutar triju muzejskih zbirki: Kulturno-povijesne, Etnografske i Srednjovjekovne arheološke zbirke. Rad donosi njihov organološki opis kao i pokušaj smještanja u kulturnopovijesni kontekst. Za mandolinu koju je izradio istaknuti zagrebački graditelj Ernest Köröskényi određena je točna godina nastanka. Za stolni klavir otkriveno je tko su mu bili prijašnji vlasnici te kojem je inventaru najvjerojatnije pripadao.
The melt conditioned direct chill (MC-DC) casting process has been used to produce billets and extruded planks of AA5754 alloy formulated from 100% recycled Taint Tabor scrap aluminum. The billets ...were homogenized and then extruded into flat planks. Optical metallography of the MC-DC cast billets showed equiaxed refined grains in comparison to conventional direct chill (DC) cast and direct chill grain refined (DC-GR) cast billets formulated from the same Taint Tabor scrap. Microstructural evaluation of the extruded planks showed extensive peripheral coarse grain (PCG) for the DC, DC-GR and MC-DC cast planks. The 2 mm and 1 mm MC-DC cast planks produced after cold rolling and heat treatment showed a fully recrystallized microstructure at 380 °C and 300 °C for 10 min respectively with an improvement in mechanical properties over DC-GR cast and similarly processed planks. The as-extruded MC-DC cast planks tensile tested in the transverse direction showed 34% elongation and 213 MPa ultimate tensile strength. These tensile results showed 5.8% higher elongation and 1.2% higher ultimate tensile strength compared with the DC-GR planks after applying high shear melt conditioning.
Background
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a non-psychotic depressive disorder of variable severity, and it can begin as early as 2 weeks after delivery and can persist indefinitely if left untreated. ...In Ethiopia, the prevalence of postpartum depression is high. There is a dearth of literature to determine factors associated with postpartum depression in Ethiopia, specifically in the study area.
Objective
This study aimed to identify factors associated with postpartum depression among mothers in Debre Tabor Town, Northcentral Ethiopia.
Method
A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among mothers who were living in Debre Tabor Town and fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Postpartum mothers were selected using a simple random sampling technique from the listed sampling frame at the health center. Then, the sample cases and controls were interviewed until the sample size was fulfilled by using a consecutive sampling method. The data were entered into the EPI data version 4.6 and then imported and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics of different variables were done by cross-tabulation. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinant factors with the outcome variable. A
P
-value of < 0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.
Results
A total of 308 postnatal mothers living in Debre Tabor Town were included, with a 97.5% response rate. History of substance use in the previous 3 months (AOR: 6.47, 95% CI; 2.61, 15.74), current baby illness (AOR: 3.9, 95% CI; 1.5, 10.12), marital dissatisfaction (AOR: 2.41, 95% CI; 1.22, 4.75), unplanned current pregnancy (AOR: 3.46, 95% CI; 1.32, 9.12), and breastfeeding (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI; 0.09, 0.55) were independent factors that affected the occurrence of PPD.
Conclusion
This study revealed that a recent history of substance use (in the past 3 months), current baby illness, marital satisfaction, unplanned current pregnancy, and breastfeeding were associated with postpartum depression. Healthcare providers working in maternal and child health clinics and health extension workers should give special attention to postpartum mothers who have had a history of substance use, current baby illness, unplanned pregnancy, non-breastfeeding mothers, and mothers with poor marital satisfaction.
Sick neonates can be early readmitted if and only if their mothers have good knowledge of the key neonatal danger signs at first discharge. Thus, it was aimed to assess the level and determinants of ...maternal knowledge on these signs at first discharge from NICU.
A hospital based cross sectional study design was employed at Debre Tabor General Hospital, South Gondar Zone. A sample of 363 participants was included to the study from September 2018 to February 2019 through systematic selection of every other eligible mother baby pair. Data were collected through face to face interview at time of discharge from NICU. Knowledge score of neonatal danger signs was computed by adding the total number of correct spontaneous responses to 9 key danger signs with a minimum score of 0 and maximum of 9 0 when a mother named none of the key danger signs and 9 when the mother named all the signs. Mothers who scored ≥3 points were considered to have good knowledge whereas those scoring less than 3 points had poor knowledge.
224(61.70%) mothers had good knowledge of neonatal danger signs at discharge from NICU. Secondary and above level of education AOR = 4.62, receiving danger sign information during stay at NICU AOR = 3.64, four and above antenatal visits AOR = 3.04, well preparedness of birth AOR = 13.70, institutional delivery AOR = 6.46 and good knowledge of essential newborn care AOR = 4.41 were significant factors.
At discharge time, maternal knowledge of neonatal danger signs wasn't comparable to their exposure of NICU environment. Therefore, danger sign education should be routinely given during maternal stay at NICU. Moreover, existing efforts should be enhanced to improve number of antenatal visits, institutional delivery rate and postnatal services along the continuum of maternal and child health care in South Gondar Zone.
An attempt is made on the thematic repertoire of the newspaper “Voice of Tabor”, the publication of which began in October 1919 at the internment camp of UGA Německé Jablonné (Czechoslovakia). This ...newspaper effectively performed important tasks for the camps: reported every Saturday on the latest news in the world and Ukraine, informed the Ukrainians about the morale of the soldiers in the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic, published letters from relatives, popularized works of Ukrainian poets and writers, inspired the warriors themselves to creativity, encouraged them to participate in a theater group, a brigade orchestra, a singing choir, sometimes severely criticized, ridiculed human flaws, etc. However, her main task was to elevate the fighting spirit of warfare to their intimate humorous works, satire, sharp and up-to-date articles on patriotism, military honor, diligence, brotherly support. All the while, the newspaper “Voice of Tabor” remained one of the few nutritional sources for UGA’s interned soldiers, after all, his patriotic motives were always present on their front lines, rebellious images of folk heroes long known to the intern, a folk song was heard, — therefore, all that strengthened the warfare faith of tomorrow and gave it strength for further work, acquiring knowledge, personal development and spiritual and national growth.
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