The custom of oral tattooing is mainly performed in Ethiopia and Eritrea, and usually results in blue pigmentation of the maxillary gingiva in dentate individuals. However, its usefulness has not ...been explored in the forensic literature. The aim of this article is to provide a review of this custom and include an unusual case study involving persistent gingival pigmentation. Herein, this report describes a 43-year-old woman from Eritrea who presented with slight bluish hue of the edentulous maxillary ridge associated with cultural tattooing. Elucidation of the cause of subtle blue hyperpigmentation may be challenging as cultural tattooing typically fades with age. Timely recognition of this oral pseudopathologic process may serve as secondary evidence for forensic identification and possibly provide aid in localizing one's ethnogeographic origin.
•Cultural tattooing of the gingiva is mainly performed in Africa for tribal identification, superstition, and beautification.•This custom imparts a blue to blue-grey discoloration of the maxillary buccal/labial gingival surfaces, which tends to fade with age.•Cultural tattooing may serve as secondary forensic evidence identification and narrow the ethnogeographic origins of an individual.
Tattooing especially gains popularity among both men and women in adulthood from the wide range of socioeconomic groups and is noted as a risk taking behaviour in adults. Especially when tattooing ...does not perform to the highest standards, it can potentially be the hazardous practice. Myanmar has a paucity of evidence-based information on the estimated prevalence of tattoos and awareness of potential disease transmission from tattooing under insanitary conditions as well as the infection risk. The present research was undertaken to help identify the self-reported prevalence of tattooing among adults (18-35 years) and their knowledge of transmission risk of blood-borne infections and its determinants.
A community-based cross-sectional study focused on residents aged 18-35 years was carried out in two urban and two rural areas in Mandalay district, Mandalay Region during 2015. Trained interviewers used a pre-tested structured questionnaire for face-to-face interviews with one eligible participant per selected household (n = 401). Bivariate analysis and multivariable analysis using binary logistic regression were done to ascertain the relevant explanatory variables.
The overall self-reported prevalence of tattooing was 19.5% (78/401) (95% CI = 16-24). Nearly 80% of participants (318/401) knew at least one blood-borne viral infection that could be transmitted from tattooing. The persons who had high formal education, manual laborers and those who lived with their families were significantly more likely to cite at least one blood-borne viral infection. Their perceived possibility to remove tattoo independently influenced the practice of tattooing (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.06-3.45; p = 0.03) compared with participants who reported no perceived possibility. Tattooing was more common in male (aOR = 13.07, 95% CI = 6.25-27.33; p<0.001) compared to female which was independently significant.
This study ascertained the tattoo prevalence as two in ten adults of working age especially among male in central part of Myanmar in the context of lack of registration system for tattoo parlours and the issuance of safety guidelines. Findings have suggested the target groups and risk factors to be included in future health promotion programs. Future research directions should focus on perspectives of tattooists to create and sustain the sanitary practices to reduce the chance of transmission of blood-borne viral infections.
This review summarizes the current regulatory status of tattoos in all their versions in the European Union framework, as well as the analytical approaches developed so far to control the safety of ...this type of products. Publications from the last two decades (2000–2019) have been reviewed in which body-decorating products have become more and more popular. Tattoo inks, permanent make-up, sticker tattoos, and henna-based products are covered. The report highlights that there is no unique regulation for body art products, conforming a complex legislative framework even within the European community. The labelling of tattoo related products is generally non-existent or incorrect. It is therefore very difficult to know their chemical composition in detail. Pigments are ingredients common to all types of tattoos, so they are the most covered compounds in this review, along with their impurities and degradation products, including aromatic amines, metals or PAH. Other types of undesirable compounds are also included, such as plasticizers or para-phenylenediamine. Although the development of methods of analysis has increased in recent times, there is still margin for improvement in the analytical coverage of this topic. The challenge is, indeed, a systematic analytical approach to control body-decorating products, but ideally within a clear and common harmonised regulatory framework. Finally, tattoo-based sensors for biomonitoring have also been included in this review, since although its purpose is not decorative; its clinical importance is very relevant.
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•Extraction and determination of ingredients in body-decorating products.•Analytical methodology for pigments in permanent and temporary tattoos•Analytical methodology for impurities and breakdown products in tattoo inks.•Analytical methodology for henna and its additives.•Overview of tattoo-based sensors for biomonitoring.
Post neoadjuvant chemotherapy tumor localization is a challenge in LMI economy countries. Various options are available in High economy countries. Pre-chemotherapy clinically guided skin tattooing ...and post chemotherapy USG guided skin marking is a valid technique. In patients with complete clinic-radiological response larger volume resection may be an issue. Head-to-head comparison between skin marking and parenchymal marking is needed to make a conclusive statement.
Purpose Despite recent increases in the popularity of tattooing, little is known about the prevalence and characteristics of adults who have ever been tattooed. We investigated demographic and ...behavioral correlates of ever getting tattooed in an adult population. Methods Computer-assisted telephone interviews were completed by a representative sample of 8656 men and women ages 16–64 years in Australia. Results A total of 14.5% of respondents had ever been tattooed, and 2.4% of respondents had been tattooed in the year before the interview. Men were more likely than women to report a tattoo, but the highest rates of tattooing were found among women in their 20s (29.4%). Men and women ages 20–39 were most likely to have been tattooed, as were men with lower levels of education, tradesmen, and women with live-out partners. Tattooing was also associated with risk-taking behaviours, including smoking, greater numbers of lifetime sexual partners, cannabis use (women only) and ever having depression (men only). Conclusions Tattooing has increased in popularity during the past decade. Yet tattoos still appear to be a marker for risk-taking behavior in adults.
Lymphadenopathy related to tattoo ink has been reported previously, however, this is the only case of benign PET positive tattoo lymphadenopathy resulting in unnecessary invasive surgery reported to ...date.
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