Prisoners engage in a range of risk behaviors that can lead to the transmission of viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic ...literature from 2007 to 2017 on 4 key risk behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus among prisoners globally: drug injection, sexual activity, tattooing, and piercing. Of 9,303 peer-reviewed and 4,150 gray literature publications, 140 and 14, respectively, met inclusion criteria covering 53 countries (28%). Regions with high levels of injection drug use were Asia Pacific (20.2%), Eastern Europe and Central Asia (17.3%), and Latin America and the Caribbean (11.3%), although the confidence interval for Latin America was high. Low levels of injection drug use in prison were found in African regions. The highest levels of sexual activity in prison were in Europe and North America (12.1%) and West and Central Africa (13.6%); low levels were reported from the Middle East and North African regions (1.5%). High levels of tattooing were reported from Europe and North America (14.7%), Asia Pacific (21.4%), and Latin America (45.4%). Prisons are burdened with a high prevalence of infectious diseases and risk behaviors for transmission of these diseases, and, commonly, a striking lack of evidence-based infection control measures, even when such measures are available in the surrounding community. Given that most prisoners return to these communities, failure to implement effective responses has repercussions not only prisoner health but also for public health.
Background
Intraoperative localization of endoluminal lesions is can be difficult during laparoscopy. Preoperative endoscopic marking is therefore necessary. Current methods include submucosal ...tattooing using visible dyes, which in case of transmural injection can impair surgical dissection. Tattooing using indocyanine green (ICG) coupled to intraoperative near-infrared (NIR) laparoscopy has been described. ICG is only visible under NIR-light, therefore, it doesn’t impair the surgical workflow under white light even if there is spillage. However, ICG tattoos have rapid diffusion and short longevity. We propose fluorescent over-the-scope clips (FOSC), using a novel biocompatible fluorescent paint, as durable lesion marking.
Methods
In six pigs, gastric and colonic endoscopic tattoos using 0.05 mg/mL of ICG and markings using the fluorescent OSC were performed (T0). Simultaneously, NIR laparoscopy was executed. Follow-up laparoscopies were conducted at postoperative day (POD) 4–6 (T1) and POD 11–12 (T2). During laparoscopy, fluorescence intensity was assessed. In one human cadaver, FOSC was used to mark a site on the stomach and on the sigmoid colon, respectively. Intraoperative detection during NIR laparoscopy was assessed.
Results
Gastric and colonic ICG tattooing and OSC markings were easily visible using NIR laparoscopy on T0. All FOSC were visible at T1 and T2 in both stomach and colon, whereas the ICG tattooing at T1 was only visible in the stomach of 2 animals and in the colon of 3 animals. At T2, tattoos were not visible in any animal. FOSC were still visible in both stomach and colon of the human cadaver at 10 days.
Conclusion
Endoscopic marking using FOSC can be an efficient and durable alternative to standard methods.
Little is known about the prevalence and consequences of body art application.
Our aim was to provide US tattooing and body piercing prevalence, societal distribution, and medical and social ...consequence data.
Random digit dialing technology was used to obtain a national probability sample of 253 women and 247 men who were 18 to 50 years of age.
Of our respondents, 24% had tattoos and 14% had body piercings. Tattooing was equally common in both sexes, but body piercing was more common among women. Other associations were a lack of religious affiliation, extended jail time, previous drinking, and recreational drug use. Local medical complications, including broken teeth, were present in one third of those with body piercings. The prevalence of jewelry allergy increased with the number of piercings. Of those with tattoos, 17% were considering removal but none had had a tattoo removed.
This was a self-reported data set with a 33% response rate.
Tattooing and body piercing are associated with risk-taking activities. Body piercing has a high incidence of medical complications.
Purpose
The dermopigmentation of the Nipple-Areola Complex (NAC) is a safe non-surgical reconstruction technique that can restore psychophysical integrity, representing the final step after ...oncological surgery. This scoping review aims to identify and synthesize the literature focused on medical tattooing for NAC reconstruction in women who underwent breast reconstruction after cancer surgery. Competence and training, outcomes and organizational aspects were assessed as specific outcomes.
Methods
The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews was followed. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Key, Scopus and Cinahl databases were consulted. After title (
N
= 54) and abstract (
N
= 39) screening and full-text review (
N
= 18), articles that met eligibility criteria were analyzed
,
critically apprised and narratively synthesized.
Results
13 articles were analysed, with full texts (
N
= 11) and only abstract (
N
= 2). The overall quality of the literature (N observational studies = 11; N pilot experimental studies = 2) is weak. Nurses were the professionals mostly involved (
N
= 6), then medical staff (
N
= 4) and tattoo artists (
N
= 2). The professional training is poorly described in 6 papers. The most frequently assessed outcome was the satisfaction rate (
N
= 8). One study explored aspects of quality of life with a validated questionnaire. The management of these services resulted variable. Nurse-led services were implemented in 2 studies.
Conclusion
Despite methodological weaknesses, NAC tattooing research is relevant because it helps women redefine their identity after demolitive cancer treatments. Further research on processes and outcomes is needed.
ABSTRACT To understand the dispersed interdisciplinary production on the topic of tattoos, we conducted a survey of the language of 35 articles published in Brazilian interdisciplinary journals from ...1990 to 2020. From these articles, we developed four axes of analysis: tattoo as an inscription of the self, a creative and emancipatory power; the “B” side of tattoo; the interface between public health, dermatology and tattoo; and, lastly, the new generation of tattoo artists. We then present some considerations that apprehending tattoo as a discursive practice opens the doors of a labyrinth, whose exits do not exist and do not assure us a more liberated and emancipated contemporary subjectivity.
RESUMO A fim de compreender a dispersa produção da área interdisciplinar sobre a temática da tatuagem, realizamos um levantamento dos discursos de 35 artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros da área interdisciplinar, no período compreendido entre 1990 e 2020. A partir desses artigos, elaboramos quatro eixos de análise: a tatuagem como inscrição do eu, potência criativa e emancipatória; o lado “b” da tatuagem; a interface entre saúde pública, dermatologia e tatuagem; e, por fim, a nova geração de tatuadores. Por fim, apresentamos algumas considerações no sentido de que, apreender a tatuagem como prática discursiva, abre as portas de um labirinto, cujas saídas inexistem e tampouco nos asseguram uma subjetividade contemporânea mais liberta e emancipada.
During the 19th century, a new topos emerges in French literature: revealing a tattoo on a woman’s body provokes a shift in perspective on her character. This topos is built on the fact that tattooed ...women are then considered an unusual sight. Hence, it adds a transgressive component to a mark already commonly associated with prostitutes, criminals, and delinquents. In this article, I analyse three revelation scenes in novels that features tattooed women, or women with marks commonly associated with tattoos: Eugène Sue’s Les Mystères de Paris (1843), Alexandre Dumas’ Les Trois Mousquetaires (1844) and Oscar Méténier’s Madame la Boule (1889). Tattoos can be written as the symbol of the reversed norms of a troubling ‘underworld’, as a new kind of prisoner’s brand, or as a type of popular, semi-official marriage contract. But, most importantly, they seem to be the unmistakable sign of a woman’s marginality.
We outline constituents of tattoo and permanent make‐up ink with regard to inflammatory tattoo reactions and population‐based confounders. The comprehensive review of patch‐tested tattoo patients ...between 1997 and 2022 shows that tattoo allergy cannot be reliably diagnosed via patch testing with today's knowledge. Weak penetration and slow haptenization of pigments, unavailability of pigments as test allergens and a lack of knowledge concerning relevant epitopes hamper the diagnosis of tattoo allergy. Patch testing p‐phenylenediamine and disperse (textile) dyes is not able to close this gap. Sensitization to metals was associated with all types of tattoo complications, although often not clinically relevant for the tattoo reaction. Binders and industrial biocides are frequently missing on ink declarations and should be patch tested. The pigment carbon black (C.I. 77266) is no skin sensitizer. Patch tests with culprit inks were usually positive with cheap ink products for non‐professional use or with professionally used inks in patients with eczematous reactions characterized by papules and infiltration. Tape stripping before patch testing and patch test readings on Day 8 or 10 may improve the diagnostic quality. The meaningfulness of the categorical EU‐wide ban of Pigment Green 7 and Pigment Blue 15:3 is not substantiated by the presented data.
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