We had 354 Americans rate the personalities of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. We compared ratings of Trump voters, Clinton voters, and a politically moderate subsample to the left-wing experts' ...ratings reported in Nai and Maier (2018). We examined the association between raters' reported political orientation and personality ratings of both candidates. We found strong correlations between political orientation of the rater and ratings of the personalities of both Trump and Clinton. We also found that the sample of experts reported in Nai and Maier (2018) rated Trump lower in conscientiousness and agreeableness than our Clinton voters did. These experts also rated Trump lower in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability than our politically moderate raters. Our findings show that political preference is strongly associated with the personality ratings of candidates among both expert and non-expert raters.
•Political orientation is highly correlated with ratings of candidates' personalities.•Expert raters rate Trump similarly to Clinton voters.•Expert ratings diverge substantially from ratings of political moderates.•Political groups show clear consensus in Donald Trump's high extraversion.
The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is the leading
brief instrument for the "Big Five" personality measurement.
However, TIPI's design has suboptimal features: agree-disagree response
options, ...numeric instead of verbal response labels, and multiple items per page.
This paper presents a version of TIPI that addresses these problems. Using two
nationally representative sample surveys, we compare the original and revised
TIPIs on several dimensions: completion time, item nonresponse, paired item
reliability, and validity based on relations to other variables. Completion time
is the same and item nonresponse rates are low, while reliability and criterion
validity for the revised TIPI is better than the original. The results show how
better personality data can be obtained at no additional cost by optimizing
questionnaire design.
Background/Aims: Bedtime procrastination (BP) is an unhealthy sleep behavior, but its relationship with Type D (distress) personality has never been examined. This study aimed to investigate the ...relationship between Type D Personality, BP, and Sleep Quality in university students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we applied the sociodemographic sleep data form, Type D personality scale (DS-14), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction subscales), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). All participants were divided into two groups: Type D personality and non- Type D personality. Sleep variables and scales were compared between these two groups. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed between the scales and the subdimensions of Type D personality. Results: We completed our study with 209 university students (66%, n = 138 female and 34%, n=71 male). The mean age was 22.17 ± 4.33, and 51.2% of all participants had Type D personality. Sleep quality was poor, and insomnia was more severe in participants with Type D personality. Participants with Type D personality had more delayed bedtime. Negative affectivity was associated with poor sleep quality, more severe insomnia, and BP, but social inhibition was not associated with BP. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the negative affectivity sub-dimension of Type D personality contributing to BP behavior among university students when planning interventions to reduce BP behavior.
Abstract Background: In this study, we examined whether carpal bones (lunate, hamate, capitate) morphologies and fourth metecarp-capitate articulation have an effect on the distal radius fracture ...pattern. Methods: 206 patients who applied to the emergency department with distal radius fracture between 2016-2020 were included in the study. Preoperative and pre-reduction x-ray films of the patients were examined. Lunate, hamate, capitate morphologies and 4.metacarp articulation analyzed and classified. Distal radius fracture types were classified according to AO and Fernandez. The relationship between carpal bone morphology and distal radius fracture type was analyzed. Results: This study consisted of 101 men and 103 women. AO fracture types and carpal bone morphologies (lunate joint type according to Viegas, lunate type according to Zapico, capitate morphology, hamate morphology and capitate-4 metacarpal joint morphology) did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Fernandez fracture types and carpal bone morphologies (lunate joint type according to Viegas, lunate type according to Zapico, capitate morphology, hamatum morphology and capitate-4.metacarp joint morphology) were compared, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: As a result, no clear relationship could be demonstrated between carpal bone morphology and distal radius fracture pattern.
Öz Amaç: Bu çalışmada, karpal kemiklerin (lunate, hamate, kapitat) morfolojilerinin ve dördüncü metekarp-kapitat artikülasyonunun distal radius kırık paterni üzerinde bir etkisi olup olmadığını inceledik. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2016-2020 yılları arasında acil servise distal radius kırığı ile başvuran 206 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların ameliyat öncesi ve redüksiyon öncesi röntgen filmleri incelendi. Lunat, hamate, kapitat morfolojileri ve 4.metacarp artikülasyonu analiz edilerek sınıflandırıldı. Distal radius kırık tipleri AO ve Fernandez'e göre sınıflandırıldı. Karpal kemik morfolojisi ile distal radius kırığı tipi arasındaki ilişki analiz edildi. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya 101 erkek ve 103 kadın dahil edildi. AO kırık tipleri ve karpal kemik morfolojileri (Viegas'a göre lunat eklem tipi, Zapico'ya göre lunat tipi, kapitat morfolojisi, hamat morfolojisi ve kapitat-4 metakarpal eklem morfolojisi) anlamlı farklılık göstermedi (p > 0.05). Fernandez kırık tipleri ve karpal kemik morfolojileri (Viegas'a göre lunat eklem tipi, Zapico'ya göre lunat tip, kişi morfolojisi, hamatum morfolojisi ve kapitat-4.metacarp eklem morfolojisi) karşılaştırıldığında, anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p > 0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, karpal kemik morfolojisi ile distal radius kırık paterni arasında net bir ilişki gösterilememiştir.
Assessing Personality With Multi-Descriptor Items Schult, Johannes; Schneider, Rebecca; Sparfeldt, Jörn R.
European journal of psychological assessment : official organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment,
01/2019, Letnik:
35, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The need for efficient personality inventories has led to
the wide use of short instruments. The corresponding items often contain
multiple, potentially conflicting descriptors within one item. In ...Study 1
(N = 198 university students), the
reliability and validity of the TIPI (Ten-Item Personality Inventory) was
compared with the reliability and validity of a modified TIPI based on items
that rephrased each two-descriptor item into two single-descriptor items. In
Study 2 (N = 268 university students), we
administered the BFI-10 (Big Five Inventory short version) and a similarly
modified version of the BFI-10 without two-descriptor items. In both studies,
reliability and construct validity values occasionally improved for separated
multi-descriptor items. The inventories with multi-descriptor items showed
shortcomings in some factors of the TIPI and the BFI-10. However, the other
scales worked comparably well in the original and modified inventories. The
limitations of short personality inventories with multi-descriptor items are
discussed.
In this study, plant species diversity in Black pine, Red pine, Crimean juniper and oak forests in Dursunbey (Balıkesir) district was associated with some environmental variables and stand ...characteristics. Diversity calculations were performed at alpha, beta and gamma levels by using alternative indices (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Whittaker) and numerical transformations. According to the results of linear correlations and modeling analysis, alpha plant diversity was found to be higher in the forests where black pine (Pinus nigra), red pine (Pinus brutia), and juniper (Juniperus excelsa) species are dominant compared to oaks. In addition, the valley or canyon landforms contributed significantly to the alpha species diversity in these forests. Alternative scales used in the study caused significant differences in beta diversity. In the calculations made according to the data of 4 sub-samples of 20x20m, beta diversity was found to be the highest in oak forests, whereas in the data obtained from the main sample areas of 100x100m, on the contrary, the lowest beta diversity was calculated in oak forests and the highest in black pine forests. The degree of the canopy of the stands made a significant difference in beta diversity. Beta diversity is highest in discontinuous stands (1-10%), and the lowest in full canopy stands (71-100%). The most significant environmental variable for beta diversity was elevation. Changing climatic conditions and geomorphological heterogeneity due to the increase in elevation in the forests of the district have led to an increase in beta diversity. No statistically significant relationship was found between environmental variables and gamma diversity.
Since 2013, corporal punishment by coaches in athletic clubs has been decreasing. However, there have been instances of coaches perpetrating violence while coaching students, despite the existence of ...penalties for corporal punishment. Such instances may be due to individual personality, whereby feelings of dissatisfaction are easily translated into violence. In this study, we attempted to clarify the relationship between severe forms of coaching (corporal punishment, rants) and coaches' personalities. We obtained questionnaire responses from 425 college students regarding their experiences with corporal punishment and rants by their coaches and the Big Five personality traits of the coaches. Among the respondents, 21.9% (93 students) had experienced corporal punishment and 53.6% (227 students) had endured rants. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to identify four coach personality clusters (Resilients, Overcontrollers, Undercontrollers, Non-identifiables). A comparison among the clusters revealed that overcontrolling coaches (high neuroticism, low agreeableness) exhibited a significantly higher frequency of corporal punishment and rants. These results indicate that a fundamental understanding of the individual characteristics behind the violent behavior (social behavior) of coaches is essential for eradication of violence such as corporal punishment and rants.
Although the distinction between the Community-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant
(CA-MRSA) and Hospital-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant
(HA-MRSA) has blurred in recent years, the CA-MRSA is an ...important group because of its potential to cause fulminant and severe infections. Its importance has further increased with the emergence of Livestock-Associated-Methicillin-Resistant
(LA-MRSA).
In the present study we analysed clonal distributions and virulence factors in presumptive CA-MRSA isolated from January 2014 to December 2015 and compared the results with our previous study from 2010. Phenotypic definition for presumptive CA-MRSA was based on resistance to cefoxitin and oxacillin and susceptibility to at least two of the following four antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin and gentamicin.
In 2014 and 2015 altogether 304 MRSA isolates fulfilled our screening phenotypic definition, 45 isolates were cultivated from clinical specimens and 259 from screening specimens. Sequence types ST398, LA-MRSA and
C MRSA increased significantly in 2015 compared to 2010 (p-value <0.05) and were spread over Slovenia.
The clonal distribution of presumptive CA-MRSA has changed within the study period in Slovenia. In 2015 the most frequent clone among clinical and screening specimens was a pig-associated clone, ST398, but the number of confirmed ST398 infections remains low. While previously ST398 and
C positive MRSA strains were geographically limited, they have spread throughout the country since 2010.
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