Through an examination of transport planning in Australia, this book challenges conventional wisdom by showing, through original research, how 'car dependence' is as much an institutional as a ...technical phenomenon. The authors' case studies in three metropolitan cities show how transport policy has become institutionally fixated on a path dominated by private, road-based transport and how policy systems become encrusted around investment to accommodate private cars, erecting an impenetrable barrier against more sustainable mobility and accessibility solutions. The findings are applicable to most cities of the developed world, and to fields beyond transport planning.
•Overall support for policies aimed at mitigating COVID-19 transmission was consistently higher among those with higher perceived risk of the disease.•Perceived risk did not vary significantly by ...sex, race, urbanicity, income, or age.•Support for a mask mandate in public was five times more likely among those who reported a high perceived risk than among those with low perceived risk.•Modifications to the roadway infrastructure to encourage active transportation had the least public support.
The association between perceived risk of COVID-19 at the individual level and support for transportation policies designed to mitigate coronavirus transmission has received little attention. We surveyed a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,011) in June 2020 to examine how support for public policy varied according to perceived risk. We used logistic regression models to control for demographic factors and identify the effect of perceived risk, defined as a combination of self-reported perceptions of personal risk of acquiring the disease and the severity of the illness if infected, on support for a range of policies related to transportation. We found that perceived risk did not vary significantly by sex, race, urbanicity, income, or age. Support for policies aimed at mitigating COVID-19 transmission was consistently higher among those with higher perceived risk of the disease.
The second in a series of two, this paper conducts a review of the public-sector initiatives that could be used to improve freight activity in metropolitan areas, collects data about the initiatives ...that have been implemented and their performance, and produces a ranking of suggested initiatives. The review of public-sector initiatives is based on a comprehensive analysis of their performance, which cataloged the initiatives into seven major groups, 15 subgroups, and 48 unique initiatives. The initiatives covered in this paper include: Financial Approaches; Logistical Management; and Demand/Land Use Management. The characterization of the state of the practice, and the performance of the initiatives, was based on a survey that collected data from 32 countries and 56 cities throughout the world. The third component of the work consisted of the generation of a ranking of suggested initiatives based on the performance data collected by the survey. The fourth component of the research reported here is the development of a process intended to lead to the sustained improvement of urban freight management. The paper ends with a discussion of chief findings.
Promoting walking and cycling proposes solutions to one of the most pressing problems in contemporary British transport planning. The need to develop more sustainable urban mobility lies at the heart ...of energy and environmental policies and has major implications for the planning of cities and for the structure of economy and society. However, most people feel either unable or unwilling to incorporate travel on foot or by bike into their everyday journeys.
This book uses innovative quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine in depth, and in an international and historical context, why so many people fail to travel in ways that are deemed by most to be desirable. It proposes evidence-based policy solutions that could increase levels of walking and cycling substantially.
This book is essential reading for planners and policy makers developing and implementing transport policies at both national and local levels, plus researchers and students in the field of mobility, transport, sustainability and urban planning.
This paper explores both the promise and the possible pitfalls of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept, focusing first on its definition and then on its ...technical state-of-the-art. More originally, the paper assesses significant, though often overlooked, social barriers to the wider use of PHEVs (a likely precursor to V2G) and implementation of a V2G transition. The article disputes the idea that the only important barriers facing the greater use of PHEVs and V2G systems are technical. Instead, it provides a broader assessment situating such “technical” barriers alongside more subtle impediments relating to social and cultural values, business practices, and political interests. The history of other energy transitions, and more specifically the history of renewable energy technologies, implies that these “socio-technical” obstacles may be just as important to any V2G transition—and perhaps even more difficult to overcome. Analogously, the article illuminates the policy implications of such barriers, emphasizing what policymakers need to achieve a transition to a V2G and PHEV world.
Creating sustainable urban futures partly requires reducing car-use and transport induced stresses on the environment and society. New transport technologies such as autonomous vehicles are ...increasingly assuming prominence in debates about the transition toward sustainable urban futures. Yet, enormous uncertainties currently exist on how autonomous vehicles might shape urban mobility. To address this gap, this paper examines the latent behavioural and socio-demographic factors that will drive the adoption of and preferences for different use options of autonomous vehicles, utilizing survey data from Dublin, Republic of Ireland. Based on this, it explores how autonomous vehicles might shape travel behaviors through mode choice and the potential sustainability implications. The findings show that regarding preferences for a specific alternative (i.e. sharing, ownership and public transport), attitudes toward these use options matter the most, rather than overall perceived benefits of autonomous vehicles. Moreover, for single mode options, shared-autonomous vehicles remain the least popular, while preference for ownership of autonomous vehicles, either as a single option or in combination with sharing and public transport, is high. Across the different autonomous vehicles options, there is high preference for clean engine fuel sources (i.e. electric and hybrid). Given the embeddedness of preferences for autonomous vehicles in attitudes and choices regarding existing forms of motorized transport, it is possible that the current modal split and the large share of private car-based transport, might not change in the era of autonomous mobility. However, urban transport policy can leverage the overall positive attitudes toward the environment, sharing and public transit to nudge choices toward achieving the normative goals of sustainable urban transport.
•Study explores how autonomous vehicles might shape travel behaviors through mode choice and the sustainability implications.•For single mode options, shared-autonomous vehicles remain the least popular while that of ownership is high.•Preference for autonomous vehicles is deeply embedded in prevailing attitudes toward existing forms of motorized transport.•Current modal split and the large share of private car-based transport might not change in the era of autonomous mobility•Findings could inform policies to nudge mode choices toward sustainable urban transport in the era of autonomous vehicles.
Abstract
Transportation is among the key aspects that influence active ageing. This realist review intends to understand the mechanisms of urban mobility infrastructure interventions and policies in ...low- and middle-income countries for older adults and to identify factors, which influenced the success or failure of interventions. We followed the steps suggested by Pawson and colleagues for a realist review. Electronic databases were searched from inception until August 2020. Studies were screened based on titles, abstracts and full text. The quality of included studies was assessed based on rigour and relevance. The evidence was obtained from 36 articles with diverse study designs conducted in 36 low- and middle-income countries. Findings were validated through stakeholder consultations from three low- and middle-income countries. Of the various individual factors identified, behaviour change communication interventions were low-cost, had a long-term impact and were efficient in increasing awareness among users to improve safety, social inclusion and about transport schemes for older adults. Improved transport infrastructure resulted in a shift from private to public transportation. For a sustainable urban transport infrastructure, good governance and involvement of stakeholders for planning and implementing transport interventions were considered necessary. Lack of evaluation, experience of transport planners, and inter-sectoral coordination were key challenges to successful interventions. The review highlighted a lack of older adult-specific transportation policies, and gender-targeted interventions for older women, suggesting a need for interventions and policies based on the contextual factors existing in a region.
Transportation policies, plans, and projects all flow through state institutions because of the substantial cost of infrastructure and the need to assess transportation system performance, including ...equity implications. But environmental justice scholarship interrogates the state’s role in perpetuating injustice. Most research and planning practice related to transportation equity has relied upon state-sponsored analytical methods. Transportation planners and scholars can benefit from critical assessments of these approaches. We propose a shift in focus from transportation equity to a broader consideration of transportation justice that is more closely aligned with models of social change promulgated in the environmental justice literature and by related movements.
Transportation is among the top energy-consuming industries facing critical issues such as emissions, congestion, and environmental challenges. To overcome these environmental challenges, electric ...vehicles (EVs) have been introduced to replace conventional vehicles (CVs). EVs are widely considered as eco-friendly and alternative renewable energy technology that can speed up the transition to a low-carbon transportation system without any negative influence on natural resources. However, despite several benefits of the technology and subsequent incentives offered by the government, its consumer demand is still not increasing. Thus, it indicates the presence of certain barriers to its mainstream adoption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and examine the relationship between barriers affecting the adoption of EVs in India. Thirteen barriers to adopting EVs are identified through a literature review and further validated by involving a group of experts from industry and academia. Additionally, to study the relationship among the identified barriers and model them, ISM (Interpretive Structure Modeling) and MICMAC (Matriced’ Impacts Croisés Appliquéeá un Classement) are applied. The developed model would help policymakers in devising a sustainable energy and transportation policy. Also, the findings would support the EV manufacturers consider these constraints at the designing stage of EVs.
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•The recent policy Initiatives and subsidies offered by both central and state governments for promoting EVs in India.•Explore and determine the distinct barriers that directly or indirectly affect EV adoption in India.•Find out the interaction among identified barriers of EV adoption using the ISM approach.•Identify the levels of these barriers in the conceptual framework.•Analyze the driving and dependence power of the barriers associated with EV adoption by using MICMAC analysis.
