The Great War brought about important changes in the way society perceived gender roles and norms. Women entered the public sphere because their contribution was needed to the war effort; they were ...assigned various jobs, which allowed them to become more independent than ever before. Stereotypes and patriarchal bias were still common, and women writers tried to use literature as a medium to propagate feminist ideas. It is the case of Edith Wharton who, although not a declared feminist, attempted to challenge patriarchal power. Her short story “Writing a War Story” introduces the reader to a plot that becomes subversive to male authority.
El artículo aborda las formas en las que los debates en torno a la reforma fiscal en Argentina se reflejaron y readaptaron a los ámbitos municipales durante la crisis económica provocada por la ...Primera Guerra Mundial. A partir del caso de Posadas, capital del entonces territorio nacional de Misiones, se propone observar cómo se reflejaban los nuevos debates planteados en torno al problema tributario y a las atribuciones municipales de establecer gravámenes progresivos desde el periódico local La Tarde. A través de este análisis se sostiene que los temas discutidos dan cuenta de la difusión de un conjunto de ideas según las cuales las municipalidades eran reconocidas como instituciones de gobierno dotadas de las atribuciones necesarias para introducir reformas tributarias o direccionar su política fiscal sobre la base de gravámenes progresivos, y a la vez regular los precios de los alimentos en favor de los sectores perjudicados por la crisis. Asimismo se argumenta que estas percepciones también se nutrían de las experiencias de otras municipalidades que funcionaban como modelos de lo posible. En este marco las iniciativas municipales pueden comprenderse como insertas en un espacio amplio de discusión sobre el alcance de las capacidades municipales ante la crisis y no solo como respuestas locales.
The paper approaches ways in which the debates around the tax reform in Argentina were reflected and readjusted into municipal levels during the WWI economic crisis. By taking the case of Posadas, capital city of the national territory of Misiones, it proposes to observe how the new debates on the tax system and the municipal attributions to establish a more progressive levy were reflected from the local newspaper La Tarde. Through this analyses it is sustained that the issues discussed show the circulation of ideas according to which municipalities were conceived as government institutions provided with the necessary attributions to introduce tax reforms or redirect their tax policies based on a progressive levy, and also regulate the prices of basic foodstuffs, in order to favor low-income sectors affected by the crisis. Likewise, we argue that although these conceptions were nurtured by widespread economic ideas such as Georgism, they also received influence from the experiences of other municipalities that worked as models of what could be done. In this context, municipal initiatives can be understood as inserted in a wider field of discussions over the scope of municipal capacities during the crisis and not only as local responses.
Using four bombarded coastal locations in north-east England as case studies, this article explores the phenomenon of bomb damage imagery and its use in propaganda and commemorative processes during ...the First World War. Through an analysis of postcards, souvenirs and other aspects of wartime material culture, this article posits that depictions of bomb-damaged and destroyed buildings - both monumental and vernacular - were central to local and national efforts to memorialise and make sense of the passing of enemy actions on the home front, during a period when civilians were increasingly seen as legitimate targets.
This study is unique in that it presents the first empirically developed framework for use as a tool for measuring historical empathy. The Historical Empathy Measurement Tool (HEMT) was developed ...using a design-based research method with three iterative macrocycles of design, experiment, and retrospective analysis. The study involved question responses from 276 students in grade 8 studying WWI trench warfare. The research resulted in a framework of seven levels. (0) Non-response, (1) Facts, (2) Assumptions and Deficits, (3) General Comparison of the Past and Present, (4) Emotional Comparison of the Past and Present, (5) Understanding Motives, Behaviors, Thoughts, & Emotions in the Past, and (6) Acknowledgement of Differences from those in the Past. The inter-rater reliability at the end of macrocycle three was 95%.
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