This short note argues that relevance and acceptance of archaeological heritage, particularly that from the 18th to the 20th centuries, hinge on effective public mediation. To achieve this, it is ...crucial to focus on the value and legitimisation of monuments from an impartial perspective. Employing an interdisciplinary and open-minded approach is essential in providing pertinent responses to enquiries that resonate with contemporary society. Therefore an approach to archaeological heritage by drawing on extended themes or categories is suitable to make archaeological heritage 'present' and generate public acceptance for heritage work.
Background
At present, a growing number of studies have shown a positive association between obesity and kidney stone, while traditional anthropometric measures, such as body mass index (BMI) and ...Waist circumference (WC), have limited ability to assess the risk of kidney stone. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and the risk of kidney stone.
Method
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2009 and 2016 were used. A total of 17,292 participants from NHANES were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to investigate the relationship between WWI and kidney stone. Interaction analysis was performed for subgroups to verify the results. Meanwhile, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the efficacy of different anthropometric indices in predicting the risk of kidney stone.
Results
After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found a positive and independent association between kidney stone and WWI. After adjusting for all covariates, a one-unit increase in WWI was associated with a 36% increase in the risk of kidney stones. Dose–response curve analysis showed that WWI was non-linear correlated with the prevalence of kidney stone. In ROC analysis, WWI showed better discrimination for kidney stone (area under the curve: 0.612; 95% CI: 0.599–0.626; optimal cutoff value: 11.063) compared with other indices.
Conclusion
In this study, increased WWI was strongly associated with the risk of kidney stone.
In the autumn of 1914, Austria-Hungary began to prepare for the possibility of an Italian offensive by building field fortifications, which formed the Tyrol Defense Line (TDL). Mountainous areas, ...such as the area of the TDL, present obstacles to trafficability in large part caused by terrain slope. On the eastern Tyrol front, steep slope obstructed trafficability when the Italians attacked the TDL and represented, in turn, an advantage for the Austro-Hungarian defense. This paper focuses on the assessment of the conditions of trafficability determined by slope in the eastern Tyrol front, using a GIS cost distance analysis. Key sources were the maps of Austrian and Italian official histories, parameters derived mainly from Marinelli's slope classification, and from the interpretation of the particular historical circumstances. The advantages and disadvantages were considered from the perspective of the defensive and offensive and their significance for the history of this conflict. In particular, these were related to the perimeter to be defended by alternative Austro-Hungarian lines.
The objective of this study was to assess whether the weight-adjusted-waist index(WWI) is associated with the prevalence of asthma and age when first asthma onset appears in US adults.
For analysis ...we selected participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)database between 2001 and 2018. A dose-response curve was calculated using logistic regression,subgroup analysis,and a dose-response curve.
The study included 44480 people over the age of 20,including 6061 reported with asthma, and the increase in asthma prevalence was 15% associated with each unit increase in the WWI, after adjusting for all confounders(odds ratio(OR)=1.15,95% CI:1.11,1.20). The sensitivity analysis was performed by trichotomizing the WWI, and compared to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile WWI group displayed a 29% increase in asthma prevalence(OR=1.29,95% CI:1.19,1.40). A nonlinear correlation was found between the WWI index and the risk of asthma onset, with a threshold saturation effect indicating an inflection point of 10.53 (log-likelihood ratio test, P<0.05), as well as a positive linear correlation with age at first asthma onset.
A higher WWI index was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma and an older age of first asthma onset.
Summary
The sepoy had always been a central figure in colonial governance and policing and had played important roles in both world wars. Focusing on World War I, this article explores the sepoys’ ...corporeal experience of the war through their own letters. The article explores how the war had a catalytic impact on colonial perceptions of and responses to disability in the colony and how medicine, prosthetics and rehabilitation came to be seen as the ‘promise’ made by the Crown to Indian soldiers for their service. The article also examines the introduction of cultures and institutions of rehabilitation into the colony in the form of the Queen Mary Technical Institute and explores the intersections of race, empire and disability at these sites of rehabilitation.
Abstract Background The impact of obesity on cognitive function has engendered considerable interest. Weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) has emerged as a novel and innovative marker of obesity that ...reflects weight-independent abdominal obesity. However, the association between WWI and cognitive function remains unclear. To address this gap, the present study aims to explore the relationship between weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and cognitive performance in older adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional investigation using datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. The study included 3,472 participants (48.59% male, 51.41% female) of various races (Mexican American, Other Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, and Other), with a mean age of 69.95 years (SD = 6.94). Multivariate regression and smoothing curve fitting were used to investigate the linear and nonlinear relationship between WWI and cognitive performance in the following domains: learning and memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed, as measured by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning subtest (CERAD-WL), Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), respectively. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to examine the stability of this relationship across groups. Machine learning models based on random forests were used to analyze the predictive performance of WWI for cognitive function. Results A total of 3,472 participants were included in the analysis. The results revealed significant negative associations between WWI and low scores on the CERAD-WL -0.96 (-1.30, -0.62), AFT -0.77 (-1.05, -0.49), and DSST -3.67 (-4.55, -2.79). This relationship remained stable after converting WWI to a categorical variable. In addition, this significant negative association was more pronounced in men than women and diminished with advancing age. Non-linear threshold effects were observed, with correlations intensifying between WWI and CERAD-WL when WWI surpassed 12.25, AFT when WWI surpassed 11.54, and DSST when WWI surpassed 11.66. Conclusions A higher WWI, indicating increased abdominal obesity, was associated with deficits in learning, memory, verbal fluency, and processing speed among older adults. These findings suggest that abdominal obesity may play a crucial role in cognitive decline in this population. The stronger relationship observed between WWI and cognition in men highlights the need for gender-specific considerations in interventions targeting abdominal obesity. The results demonstrate the importance of interventions targeting abdominal obesity to preserve cognitive performance in older adults.
This is a book for the participation of Bulgaria in the First World War (1915-1916). The compilers have collected a large number of stories for martial feats of Bulgarian officers and soldiers at the ...fronts of the war. These stories were published in different sources during or after the war.
Little is known of the advances in battlefield medicine achieved in Italy before and during the Great War. Some deserve wider recognition; this is especially true for the field of neurosurgery. There ...are a limited number of historical records currently available, fewer still in English, and most of the systematic investigations on field surgery have been in the form of monographs within science history reviews, which obviously lack a strictly clinical perspective. Together with shell shock, the gunshot-related traumatic brain injury (GrTBI) is considered one of the typical, or signature, lesions of the Great War. It was intrinsically linked to trench and mountain warfare: to view the battlefield from a trench/hiding area, soldiers' heads and necks were repeatedly exposed, therefore making them the most likely target for snipers. Military physicians therefore focused their efforts in the clinical and experimental treatment of GrTBI. Among notable contributions of the military surgeons of the time, there is a volume of selected war-surgery lectures conserved in the archives of the Library of the Italian National Academy of Military Medicine. These lectures shed light over the work of General Dr. Lorenzo Bonomo. His incredibly advanced and modern ideas had unfortunately been forgotten. He pioneered research in the ballistic and forensic medical fields, building on first-hand experience, as he performed surgeries himself before the conflict and even while on the frontline, actively working to improve the chances of survival for the Italian troops fighting in the Great War.
Background
Widespread attention has been given to the detrimental effects of obesity on cognitive function. However, there is no evidence on the connection between low cognitive performance and the ...WWI (weight-adjusted waist index). This study looked into the connection between poor cognitive performance and the WWI in senior Americans.
Methods
A cross-sectional research study was carried out with information from the NHANES 2011–2014. With multivariate linear regression models, the pertinence between the WWI and low cognitive function in persons older than 60 years was examined. The nonlinear link was described using threshold effect analyses and fitted smoothed curves. Interaction tests and subgroup analysis were also conducted.
Results
The study had 2762 individuals in all, and subjects with higher WWI values were at greater risk for low cognitive function. In the completely adjusted model, the WWI was positively connected with low cognitive performance assessed by CERAD W-L (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.45,
p
= 0.0239), AFT (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54,
p
= 0.0029), and DSST (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.30–1.94,
p
< 0.0001). The effect of each subgroup on the positive correlation between the WWI and low cognitive performance was not significant. The WWI and low cognitive performance as determined by CERAD W-L and AFT had a nonlinear connection (log-likelihood ratio < 0.05).
Conclusion
Among older adults in the United States, the risk of low cognitive performance may be positively related to the WWI.
