Uyghur text localization in images with complex backgrounds is a challenging yet important task for many applications. Generally, Uyghur characters in images consist of strokes with uniform features, ...and they are distinct from backgrounds in color, intensity, and texture. Based on these differences, we propose a FASTroke keypoint extractor, which is fast and stroke-specific. Compared with the commonly used MSER detector, FASTroke produces less than twice the amount of components and recognizes at least 10% more characters. While the characters in a line usually have uniform features such as size, color, and stroke width, a component similarity based clustering is presented without component-level classification. It incurs no extra errors by incorporating a component-level classifier while the computing cost is drastically reduced. The experiments show that the proposed method can achieve the best performance on the UICBI-500 benchmark dataset.
Urban centers across the globe are responsible for a significant fraction of energy consumption and CO2 emission. As urban centers continue to grow, the popularity of glass as cladding material in ...urban buildings is an alarming trend. Dynamic windows reduce heating and cooling loads in buildings by passive heating in cold seasons and mitigating solar heat gain in hot seasons. Here, reduced energy consumption in highly glazed buildings in a mesoscopic building energy model is demonstrated when thermochromic windows are employed. Savings are realized across eight disparate climate zones of the United States. The model is used to determine ideal critical transition temperatures of 20–27.5 °C for thermochromic windows based on metal halide perovskite materials. Ideal transition temperatures are realized experimentally in composite metal halide perovskite films composed of perovskite crystals and an adjacent reservoir phase. The transition temperature is controlled by cointercalating methanol, instead of water, with methylammonium iodide and tailoring the hydrogen‐bonding chemistry of the reservoir phase. Thermochromic windows based on metal halide perovskites represent a clear opportunity to mitigate the effects of energy‐hungry buildings.
Buildings are modeled with dynamic thermochromic windows based on metal halide perovskite materials in eight disparate United States climate zones to determine the ideal critical transition temperature. All temperatures fall in the range of 20–27.5 °C. Ideal transition temperatures are experimentally realized in composite metal halide perovskite films by tailoring reversible hydrogen bonding chemistry.
The optically transparent biological window in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range allows deep-tissue excitation and the detection of fluorescence signals1,2. Spectrum-domain discrimination of NIR ...contrast agents via an upconversion or downshifting scheme requires sufficient (anti-) Stokes shift to separate excitation and fluorescence emission. Here, we report a time-domain (τ) scheme in which about 5,000 ytterbium signal transducers are condensed within an optically inert and biocompatible CaF2 shell (2.3 nm), which forms a 14.5 nm τ-dot. Because of the long-lived and spectrally narrowly defined excited state of pure ytterbium ions, the NIR τ-dot can convert the NIR pulsed excitation into long-decaying luminescence with an efficiency approaching 100%. Within a safe injection dosage of 13 μg g−1, an excitation power density of 1.1 mW cm−2 was sufficient to image organs with a signal-to-noise ratio of >9. The high brightness of τ-dots further allows long-term in vivo passive targeting and dynamic tracking in a tumour-bearing mouse model.By time-shifting short-pulse excitation photon energy into prolonged luminescent emission in the time domain, both the number of light signal transducers in sub-15 nm nanoparticles and the near-infrared-in to near-infrared-out conversion efficiency can be maximized, advancing in vivo optical bioimaging.
Mathieu Windows for Signal Processing Rodríguez-Dagnino, Ramón M.
Circuits, systems, and signal processing,
06/2019, Letnik:
38, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Two new windows for signal processing are introduced in this work. The windows are based on radial Mathieu functions and their performance is compared with well-known ones such as Kaiser, cosh, ...exponential, Hamming, prolate, and other windows. Most of the results are focused on 1D systems (or windows) and extensions to 2D and multidimensional cases are straightforward. These new Mathieu windows have three adjusting parameters and, by a proper choice of them, it is possible to have a wide span of window shapes that cover most of the existing ones and they might be more appropriate for some applications. An example dealing with the identification of three tones plus normal noise is studied, and the performance of these Mathieu windows is among the best ones. So, they are highly recommended for spectral or harmonic analysis applications. Moreover, due to the high flexibility in adjusting Mathieu windows shapes, these new proposed windows may be applicable for smoothing finite response filters, and related applications as well.
•A sensitivity analysis of smart windows performance based on the Main effect was proposed.•The influence of the main building parameters on energy and comfort indicators was assessed.•The presence ...of smart windows has as much influence on energy consumption as the main design parameters such as location, façade orientation and window to wall ratio.•Design guidelines are presented to assure improved performances while considering the integration of smart windows.
In this paper, a representative office building zone with an electrochromic (EC) glazed façade was simulated in TRNSYS and Radiance/Daysim for a large number of different combinations of design parameters (i.e. location, façade orientation, window control, window-to-wall ratio, internal gains, thermal mass and envelope air tightness). Results of energy consumption, peak energy demand, useful daylight index (UDI) and predicted percentage of persons dissatisfied (PPD) for a total of 7680 scenarios were obtained and used in a sensitivity analysis considering the Main effect of the building parameters. The relative influence of the parameters is presented and the different designs improving the outputs are determined. Results have shown that the greatest total energy savings considering EC windows are for warmer climates with higher solar radiation exposures. The presence of an EC window mostly influences the cooling peak load and acts as an alternative solution to thermal mass from the perspective of peak reductions. While the choice of the specific window control strategy is having a limited impact on the energy savings and peak load reductions, the analysis revealed that this parameter has a larger impact on the visual comfort (UDI). The use of smart window does not appear to greatly influence the thermal comfort within the zone (small impact on the PPD).
We address the robust vehicle routing problem with time windows (RVRPTW) under customer demand and travel time uncertainties. As presented thus far in the literature, robust counterparts of standard ...formulations have challenged general-purpose optimization solvers and specialized branch-and-cut methods. Hence, optimal solutions have been reported for small-scale instances only. Additionally, although the most successful methods for solving many variants of vehicle routing problems are based on the column generation technique, the RVRPTW has never been addressed by this type of method. In this paper, we introduce a novel robust counterpart model based on the well-known budgeted uncertainty set, which has advantageous features in comparison with other formulations and presents better overall performance when solved by commercial solvers. This model results from incorporating dynamic programming recursive equations into a standard deterministic formulation and does not require the classical dualization scheme typically used in robust optimization. In addition, we propose a branch-price-and-cut method based on a set partitioning formulation of the problem, which relies on a robust resource-constrained elementary shortest path problem to generate routes that are robust regarding both vehicle capacity and customer time windows. Computational experiments using Solomon’s instances show that the proposed approach is effective and able to obtain robust solutions within a reasonable running time. The results of an extensive Monte Carlo simulation indicate the relevance of obtaining robust routes for a more reliable decision-making process in real-life settings.
X‐Seed is a native Microsoft Windows program with three primary functions: (i) to serve as a graphical user interface to the SHELX suite of programs, (ii) to facilitate exploration of crystal packing ...and intermolecular interactions, and (iii) to generate high‐quality molecular graphics artwork suitable for publication and presentation. Development of X‐Seed Version 1.0 began in 1998, when point‐and‐click crystallographic software was still limited in scope and power. Considerable enhancements have been implemented within X‐Seed over the past two decades. Of particular importance are support for the SHELX2019 programs (SHELXS, SHELXD, SHELXT and SHELXL) for structure solution and refinement, and MSRoll for rendering void spaces in crystal structures. The current version (i.e. Version 4) of X‐Seed has a new interface designed to be more interactive and user friendly, and the software can be downloaded and used free of charge.
X‐Seed is still in use after two decades, during which time a number of enhancements have been implemented. It mainly serves as a graphical user interface for SHELX and POV‐Ray, and facilitates exploration of crystal packing.
This paper studies the two-echelon capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows. The first echelon consists of transferring freight from depots to intermediate facilities (i.e., satellites), ...whereas the second echelon consists of transferring freight from these facilities to the final customers, within their time windows. We propose two path-based mathematical formulations for our problem: (1) in one formulation, paths are defined over both first- and second-echelon tours, and (2) in the other one, the first- and second-echelon paths are decomposed. Branch-and-price–based algorithms are developed for both formulations. We compare both formulations and solution methods on a comprehensive set of instances and are able to solve instances up to five satellites and 100 customers to optimality. This paper is the first paper in the literature that solves such large instance sizes.
The online appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2018.0844
.
Local contrast has been proved efficient for infrared (IR) small-target detection. However, current algorithms do not enhance true target purposefully before local contrast calculation and may easily ...be disturbed by noises. In this letter, a new detection framework named multiscale tri-layer local contrast measure (TLLCM) is proposed. First, a tri-layer filtering window is proposed, and it consists of a core layer, a reserve layer, and a surrounding layer. The idea of a matched filter is adopted, and a Gaussian filtering will be performed on the core layer to enhance true target purposefully according to the target shape. Then, the multiscale TLLCM of the central pixel of the window will be calculated between the enhanced core and the surrounding local background. Finally, the target can be extracted by an adaptive threshold. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve better detection performance than some existing algorithms.
A survey on scheduling problems with due windows Janiak, Adam; Janiak, Władysław A.; Krysiak, Tomasz ...
European journal of operational research,
04/2015, Letnik:
242, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•The scheduling problems with due windows which generalize the due dates are surveyed.•A job completed before (after) the due window incurs earliness (tardiness) penalty.•The problems with both the ...given as well as the optimized due windows are reviewed.•Job-dependent and job-independent earliness/tardiness penalties are considered.•The paper is focused on computational complexity, algorithms, practical application.
In this paper, a survey of scheduling problems with due windows is presented. The due window of a job is a generalization of the classical due date and it is a time interval in which this job should be finished. If the job is completed before or after the due window, it incurs an earliness or a tardiness penalty. A review of an extensive literature concerning problems with various models of given due windows, due window assignment and job-independent and job-dependent earliness/tardiness penalties is presented. The article focuses mainly on the computational complexity of the problems, mentioning also their solution algorithms. Moreover, the practical applications of the reviewed problems are mentioned, giving the appropriate references to the scientific literature. One particularly interesting IT example is described in detail.
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