•A state-of-the-art on the vehicle routing problem with multiple depots (MDVRP) is presented.•Papers published between 1984 and 2014 are reviewed.•Lines for further research are proposed.
In this ...paper, we present a state-of-the-art survey on the vehicle routing problem with multiple depots (MDVRP). Our review considered papers published between 1988 and 2014, in which several variants of the model are studied: time windows, split delivery, heterogeneous fleet, periodic deliveries, and pickup and delivery. The review also classifies the approaches according to the single or multiple objectives that are optimized. Some lines for further research are presented as well.
Dual‐band electrochromism is a phenomenon where materials can independently regulate the transmittance of visible (VIS) and near‐infrared (NIR) light. Owing to their bistability, low energy ...consumption, and independent control over VIS and NIR regions, dual‐band electrochromic (EC) devices have been of great significance to fully harnessing VIS and NIR light and building an energy‐saving society. The past several years have witnessed the efforts put in developing novel EC materials to improve their dual‐band optical performance through altering their composition, structural, and physicochemical features, which determine the optical behavior of dual‐band EC devices. In this review, the concept, significance, working principle, and key influence factors of dual‐band electrochromism are briefly introduced. Next, the up‐to‐date progress of dual‐band EC materials including inorganic, organic, and composites materials are summarized, with a focus on material design, device fabrication, and performance optimization. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of dual‐band EC materials and devices are also presented.
A brief review of the most recent progress in dual‐band EC materials including inorganic and organic materials, and hybrid composites, in terms of mechanism discussion, performance optimization, future challenges, and perspectives, to inspire further research in the optimization of dual‐band EC devices and their practical application.
Anti‐forensic technology can play an effective role in protecting information, but it can make forensic investigations difficult. Specifically, file‐wiping permanently erases evidence, making it ...challenging for investigators to determine whether a file ever existed and prolonging the investigation process. To address this issue, forensic researchers have studied anti‐forensic techniques that detect file‐wiping activities. Many previous studies have focused on the effects of file‐wiping tools on $MFT, $LogFile, and $DATA, rather than on Windows artifacts. Additionally, previous studies that have examined Windows artifacts have considered different artifacts, making it difficult to study them in a comprehensive manner. To address this, we focused on analyzing traces in 13 Windows artifacts of 10 file‐wiping tools' operations in the Windows operating system comprehensively. For our experiments, we installed each file‐wiping tool on separate virtual machines and checked the traces that the tools left behind in each artifact. We then organized the results in a database format. Our analysis revealed that most of the tools left traces on other artifacts, except for JumpList, Open&SavePidlMRU, and lnk. There were also some cases where traces remained on the other three artifacts. Based on our research, forensic investigators can quickly identify whether a file‐wiping tool has been used, and it can assist in decision‐making for evidence collection and forensic triage.
High transportation cost and low service quality are common weaknesses in different logistics networks, especially in food delivery. Due to its perishable features, the quality of the food will ...deteriorate during the while delivery process. In this paper, a two-stage location–routing–inventory problem with time windows (2S-LRITW) for food products is proposed. The first stage corresponds to a location–routing–inventory problem with time windows and the second stage is the transportation problem with vehicle capacity constraints. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer-programming model. Then a hybrid heuristic is proposed, in which distance-based clustering approach, mutation operation and the relocate exchange method are introduced to improve performance of algorithm. At last, the hybrid heuristic was tested using several cases, including some small instances and a real-life case. The results show that the distance-based clustering approach can efficiently improve the convergence speed. And the IACO and the relocate exchange method can enlarge the search space. As a result, the hybrid heuristic is suitable for solving practical larger scale problem. Furthermore, the results also indicate that customer sequence has great effect on the object due to the energy cost considered.
Software is relational. It can only operate in correlation with the other software that enables it, the hardware that runs it, and the communities who make, own, and maintain it. Here, we consider a ...phenomenon called “DLL hell,” a case in which those relationships broke down, endemic to the Microsoft Windows platform in the mid-to-late 1990s. Software applications often failed because they required specific dynamic-link libraries (DLLs), which other applications may have overwritten with their own preferred versions. We excavate “DLL hell” for insight into the experience of modern computing, especially in the 1990s, and into the history of legacy class software. In producing Windows, Microsoft had to balance a unique and formidable tension between customer expectations and investor demands. Every day, millions of people relied on software that assumed Windows would behave a certain way, even if that behavior happened to be outdated, inconvenient, or just plain broken, leaving Microsoft “on the hook” for the uses or abuses that others made of its platform. But Microsoft was also committed to improving, repairing, and transforming their flagship product. As such, DLL hell was a product of the friction between maintenance and innovation. Microsoft embodied late 20th-century liberalism, seeking simultaneously to accommodate and to discipline various stake holders who had irreconcilable needs. DLL hell reveals the collective work, even when unsuccessful, of developing contractual norms for software as process and practice. Ultimately, many users became disaffected in the face of a perceived failure of technocratic expertise. We attend to implementation, use and misuse, management and mismanagement, in order to recover and reconstruct the complexities of a computing failure.
In this paper, we consider the Orienteering Problem with Time Windows (OPTW) where the goal is to visit customers within available time windows while maximizing the total reward provided by ...successive customer visits. For this problem, we introduce a new route recombination procedure that takes a set of solutions as input and returns the best combination containing at most k subsequences of customer visits from these solutions. This route recombination procedure is based on a dynamic programming algorithm enhanced with pruning strategies that can significantly reduce the size of the search space. It is also able to deal with time-dependent transition times. The experiments show that the algorithm proposed can be used as a lightweight and efficient post-optimization procedure working on elite solutions provided by a standard incomplete OPTW solver. Moreover, it can be used in a non-deterministic context where the reward values are not precisely known in advance; in this case, OPTW solutions can be first generated for various reward scenarios during an offline phase, and then combined during an online phase to quickly get a high-quality solution given the last-known reward values.
Aircraft are becoming increasingly connected to other systems or networks, introducing attack vectors and posing a threat to their operational effectiveness. Many military aircraft function using the ...MIL-STD-1553 protocol in order to communicate information across its systems. Previous intrusion detection research on this type of data bus is unable to detect spoofing attacks where only data words are manipulated. This paper presents the design of a MIL-STD-1553 anomaly-based intrusion detection system able to identify those attacks through the use of a novel histogram comparison approach and time-based features. The approach includes optimizations for improved time resolution in threat identification. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach in identifying threats quickly and accurately.
Detecting Developers' Task Switches and Types Meyer, Andre N.; Satterfield, Chris; Zuger, Manuela ...
IEEE transactions on software engineering,
2022-Jan.-1, 2022-1-1, 20220101, Letnik:
48, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Developers work on a broad variety of tasks during their workdays and constantly switch between them. While these task switches can be beneficial, they can also incur a high cognitive burden on ...developers, since they have to continuously remember and rebuild the task context-the artifacts and applications relevant to the task. Researchers have therefore proposed to capture task context more explicitly and use it to provide better task support, such as task switch reduction or task resumption support. Yet, these approaches generally require the developer to manually identify task switches. Automatic approaches for predicting task switches have so far been limited in their accuracy, scope, evaluation, and the time discrepancy between predicted and actual task switches. In our work, we examine the use of automatically collected computer interaction data for detecting developers' task switches as well as task types. In two field studies-a 4h observational study and a multi-day study with experience sampling-we collected data from a total of 25 professional developers. Our study results show that we are able to use temporal and semantic features from developers' computer interaction data to detect task switches and types in the field with high accuracy of 84 percent and 61 percent respectively, and within a short time window of less than 1.6 minutes on average from the actual task switch. We discuss our findings and their practical value for a wide range of applications in real work settings.
Smart windows have attracted considerable attention due to their wide applications in optical data storage, switchable sunroof and temperature sensing. The development strategy for smart windows is ...focused on performance design, enhancement and integration. However, developing integrated multi-functional smart windows in a single material remains a challenge. In this work, we have successfully prepared (K0.5Na0.5)0.95Ba0.04Er0.01NbO3 (4Ba-1Er-KNN) transparent ceramics for potential applications of temperature detection and optical information storage in smart windows. With alternating ultraviolet (UV) illumination and 300 °C thermal stimulation, the prepared 4Ba-1Er-KNN ceramics can not only achieve non-destructive luminescence readout, but also exhibits an ultra-high photochromic (PC) contrast with rapid response time of 1 s. Furthermore, based on the up-conversion (UC) photoluminescence (PL) intensity ratio of Er3+: 2H11/2/4S3/2 thermally coupled levels, excellent low-temperature sensing performance with the maximum relative sensitivity of 0.023 K−1 at 213 K is obtained. The integration between UC PL, PC response and temperature sensing performance makes it possible to develop multi-functional smart windows.
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