Portrait of an English Migration recounts the history
of those who left North Yorkshire for North America between the
eighteenth century and the early twentieth century. Focusing on
individual ...stories of migrants and their families, this book
provides many personal glimpses of the migration experience of
those who left England's largest county to build new lives in the
United States and Canada. Exploring the local history, geography,
and cultures of Yorkshire and the key places of settlement in North
America, William Van Vugt deepens our understanding of the historic
migration process: how local conditions and access to information
influenced migration decisions, the role of local networks in
migration patterns, and the significance of family connections,
religious identities, and land ownership to the migrants
themselves. He considers the extent to which English migrants
shaped regional culture and contributed to economic development,
addressing ongoing questions about identity and what it meant to be
English in North America. Full of first-person accounts and stories
from migrants themselves, Portrait of an English Migration
is both a sweeping history of two centuries of migration and an
intimate look at the lives of generations of Yorkshire people who
crossed the ocean to make a new home.
This book explores, for the first time, the turbulent social history of churchyards and cemeteries over the last 150 years. Using sites from across rural North Yorkshire, the text examines the ...workings of the Burial Acts and discloses the ways in which religious politics framed burial management. It presents an alternative history of burial which questions notions of tradition and modernity, and challenges long-standing assumptions about changing attitudes towards mortality in England. This study diverges from the long-standing tendency to regard the churchyard as inherently 'traditional' and the cemetery as essentially 'modern'. Since 1850, both types of site have been subject to the influence of new expectations that burial space would guarantee family burial and the opportunity for formal commemoration. Although the population in central North Yorkshire declined, demand for burial space rose, meaning that many dozens of churchyards were extended, and forty new cemeteries were laid out. This text is accessible to undergraduates and postgraduates, and will be an essential resource for historians, archaeologists and local government officials.
This innovative study examines and analyses the wealth of evidence provided by the monumental effigies of Yorkshire, from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, including some of very high ...sculptural merit. More than 200 examples survive from the historic county in varying states of preservation. Together, they present a picture of the people able to afford them, at a time when the county was frequently at the forefront of national politics and administration, during the Scottish wars. Many monuments display remarkable realism, depicting people as they themselves wished to be remembered, and are accompanied by a great volume of contemporary sculptural and architectural detail. Stylistic analysis of the effigies themselves has been employed, better to understand how they relate to one another and give a firmer basis for their dating and production patterns. They are considered in relation to the history and material culture of the area at the time they were produced. A more soundly based appreciation of the sculptor's intentions and the aspirations of patrons is sought through close attention to the full extent of the visible evidence afforded by the monuments and their surroundings. The corpus is of sufficient size to permit meaningful analysis to shed light on aspects such as personal aspiration, social networks, patterns of supply and production, piety and wealth. It demonstrates the value of funerary monuments to the wider understanding of medieval society. The text will be accompanied by a comprehensive catalogue, making available a substantial body of research for the first time. The study considers the relationship between the monuments and related sculpture, architecture, painting, glass etc, together with contemporary documentary evidence, where it is available. This material and the underlying methodology are now available to illuminate monuments of the medieval period across the whole country. Its methods and messages extend understanding of all monuments, broadening its potential audience from the purely local to everyone concerned with medieval sculpture and church archaeology.
In an age of globalisation, the most pressing concerns are with matters of identity, personal and collective. This book explores the culture of nationality, groups and religions through the inner ...lives of second generation immigrants in England. The young people studied reveal surprising and sophisticated as well as complex attitudes. They reveal the contradictions, the opportunities and the dangers of their collective identities, and reveal how they are able to make use for good or ill thei.
This volume is concerned with one of the few thorough-going Labovian studies carried out in Britain. Based on a survey of over hundred randomly selected informants from the towns of Bradford, Halifax ...and Huddersfield, it deals first with the methodology employed, and then sketches some aspects of the 'traditional' dialects of the area before describing a large number of variables. Other non-standard features encountered during the survey are described, since these too are part of the changing patterns of speech in West Yorkshire. The final chapter draws a distinction between 'dialect' and 'accent' which is slightly different from that generally employed, and suggests that while 'dialect' features seem to have declined under the pressure of the standard language, 'accent' still persists as a social differentiator.
Knowledge of landslide displacement trends is important to understand risks and establish early warning trigger thresholds so that action can be taken to protect people and critical infrastructure. ...However, the availability of direct continuous displacement measurements is often limited due to relatively high costs. This has driven research to establish models that quantify relationships between landslide displacements and other measured parameters such as pore water pressures, rainfall and more recently acoustic emission (AE), so that displacement can be predicted, and hence made available at a lower cost. This paper describes an investigation of established machine learning models to predict displacements using time series measurements of AE and rainfall. Data from a case study site has been used to train models using measured displacements and then test to assess prediction accuracy. The LASSO-ELM model was shown to perform best. It was able to predict displacements to a mean absolute percentage error < 2.5% up to 60 days after the end of the training period, which is better than similar reported studies. Training a LASSO-ELM model using continuous high resolution AE measurements combined with rainfall data has potential to provide predicted displacement trends once direct measurement of displacement is no-longer available.
•Machine learning approaches can automatically predict landslide displacement trends based on AE and rainfall measurements.•Four ML models were trained using displacement, AE and rainfall measurements from an active landslide over several months.•The best performing model predicted displacements to a mean absolute error <2.5% up to 60 days after the training period.
Yorkshire is by far the largest county in England, taking up most of the land area from Sheffield in the south to Cleveland in the north. Covering such a large area between the North Sea and the ...Pennine watershed, the variety of landscapes is astonishing, and in this book you will get a taste of much of it. Our tour starts in the rolling, highly urbanised south, then climbs into the Pennines where high heather-clad moorland is bisected by valleys full of industrial heritage. Heading north, the landscape transforms into the limestone pavements and glacial valleys of the Dales where sheep graze peacefully on high grassland. The central Plain of York is the next area with its ancient castles and fertile farmland under a huge sky. To the east rises the scarp of the North Yorkshire Moors where high moorland and remote valleys stretch all the way to the gull-strewn North Sea cliffs. Turning south, we explore the gentle countryside of the Yorkshire Wolds. The final destination is the banks of the River Humber from the industrial plain to Yorkshire's furthest outpost at Spurn Head. Doug Kennedy has roamed Yorkshire's lanes, byways and footpaths, seeking out what makes each place special and applying his photographer’s eye to capture the scene perfectly in sumptuous photographic images. These are complemented by informative text that gets underneath the surface of why things look like they do. It is a book for everyone who loves the Yorkshire to treasure, and a splendid introduction to its landscape for those less familiar with 'God's Own County'.
•Future IDF curve’s uncertainty from different reference periods is significant.•The worst rainfall projections may come from different reference periods.•Percentage change of rainfall across ...different reference periods varies significantly.•Considerable uncertainty exists in return periods from different reference periods.
Storm water management systems depend on Intensity–Duration–Frequency (IDF) curves as a standard design tool. However, due to climate change, the extreme precipitation quantiles represented by IDF curves will be subject to alteration over time. Currently, a common approach is to adopt a single benchmark period for bias correction, which is inadequate in deriving reliable future IDF curves. This study assesses the expected changes between the IDF curves of the current climate and those of a projected future climate and the uncertainties associated with such curves. To provide future IDF curves, daily precipitation data simulated by a 1-km regional climate model were temporally bias corrected by using eight reference periods with a fixed length of 30years and a moving window of 5years between the cases for the period 1950–2014. Then the bias-corrected data were further disaggregated into ensemble of 5-min series by using an algorithm which combines the Nonparametric Prediction (NPRED) model and the method of fragments (MoF) framework. The algorithm uses the radar data to resample the disaggregated future rainfall fragments conditioned to the daily rainfall and temperature data. The disaggregated data were then aggregated into different durations based on concentration time. The results suggest that uncertainty in the percentage of change in the projected rainfall compared to the rainfall in the current climate varies significantly depending on which of the eight reference periods are used for the bias correction. Both the maximum projection of rainfall intensity and the maximum change in future projections are affected by using different reference periods for different frequencies and durations. Such an important issue has been largely ignored by the engineering community and this study has shown the importance of including the uncertainty of benchmarking periods in bias-correcting future climate projections.
The development of accurate visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy calibration models for selected soil properties based on mobile measurements is essential for site specific soil ...management at fine sampling scale. The objective of the present study was to compare the mobile and laboratory prediction performance of vis-NIR spectroscopy for total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC) and soil moisture content (MC) of field soil samples based on single field (SFD), two-field dataset (TFD), UK national dataset (UND) and European continental dataset (ECD) calibration models developed with linear and nonlinear data mining techniques including spiking. Fresh soil samples collected from fields in the UK, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands were scanned with a fibre-type vis-NIR spectrophotometer (tec5 Technology for Spectroscopy, Germany), with a spectral range of 305–2200nm. After dividing spectra into calibration (75%) and validation (25%) sets, spectra in the calibration set were subjected to three multivariate calibration models, including the partial least squares regression (PLSR), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and support vector machines (SVM), with leave-one-out cross-validation to establish calibration models of TN, TC and MC. Results showed that the best model performance in cross-validation was obtained with MARS methods for the majority of dataset scales used, whereas the lowest model performance was obtained with the SFD. The effect of spiking was significant and the best model performance in general term was obtained when local samples collected from two target fields in the UK were spiked with the ECD, with coefficients of determination (R2) values of 0.96, 0.98 and 0.93, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.75, and ratio of performance to interquartile distance (RPIQ) of 7.46, 6.57 and 3.98, for TC, TN and MC, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that ECD vis-NIR MARS calibration models can be successfully used to predict TN, TC and MC under both laboratory and mobile measurement conditions.
•The performance of on-line vis-NIR for estimating soil TN, TC and MC were evaluated.•Comparing between four datasets single field, two-field, national and European•Multivariate analysis PLSR, SVM and MARS and spiking techniques were used.•The best results obtained using the MARS calibration method with European dataset
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•Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pig ham peptides are mainly derived from myosin and actin.•YDEAGPSIVH is a novel peptide with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.•The ...YDEAGPSIVH has good gastrointestinal digestion stability.•Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions drive YDEAGPSIVH binding to α-glucosidase.•YDEAGPSIVH docked to α-glucosidase formed stable and compact conformations.
Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs are popular in the Chinese market because of their rapid growth, leanness, and economic value. Despite their widespread use in dry-cured ham processing, there is a lack of research on the bioactive peptides of Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pig ham (DLYH). This study aimed to investigate the presence of peptides with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities in DLYH using peptidomics and in silico analysis. A total of 453 peptides were identified from DLYH, originating mainly from myosin, actin, and the EF-hand domain-containing protein. Notably, two peptides, YDEAGPSIVH (YH10) and FAGDDAPRAVF (FF11), emerged as novel bioactive peptides with antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Among these peptides, YH10 exhibited a high DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 1.93 mM), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.10 mM), α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.13 mM), and good gastrointestinal tolerance. Molecular docking analysis showed that YH10 was bound to the ABTS and DPPH radicals and the active site of α-glucosidase (3A4A) primarily through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation indicated that the YH10-3A4A complexes maintained stable and compact conformations. In conclusion, our findings indicated that peptide YH10 derived from DLYH possesses bifunctional properties of α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity, which could be beneficial for maintaining ham quality and promoting human health.
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