A new concept appeared in the field of precast concrete in the early 1960s: the architectural precast concrete panel. Unlike the first panels produced in post-war Europe, the architectural panel ...would be subject to an architect's specific design, not subject to contractors' patents, and applied to both singular, bespoke projects and large commercial projects with much repetitive construction. Marcel Breuer was the architect who more than any other supported this new concept, thanks to the knowledge of the precast concrete industry he had acquired in his early French projects. This paper highlights one of those works: the Zone à Urbaniser en Priorité in Sainte-Croix, Bayonne (1964-1968), by comparing it with previous projects. Within this project, Breuer and Jean Barets, chief engineer at the Compagnie Française d'Engineering Barets (COFEBA), developed a number of ideas relating to the design, manufacture and use on site of the architectural panel for the first time in a large public housing development in a competitive and costeffective way and under strict budgetary constraints. The solution that they put into practice in France, represented an ingenious alternative regarding to the types of panels that began to be commercialised in the USA few years before, that were based on a plant production and for which attachment sophisticated and expensive anchors should be employed.
The word (la) residentialisation is a term often used in recent years, to describe the method of rehabilitation, among social housing specialists in France. However, we do not have an authorised ...definition of this word at present. This paper, therefore, tries to make clear what residentialisation is, illustrationg the common operations realised in the 11 rehabilitation projects which are said to have adopted residentialisation.
Le terrain destiné à être construit a bien évidemment un coût, d'autant plus élevé que les équipements apportés par l'aménagement sont développés. Commercialisé, il a un prix de vente qui ne ...correspond pas nécessairement au prix de revient (il lui est généralement inférieur, étant atténué par des aides publiques), l'équilibre des dépenses par les ressources de toutes natures étant un impératif. Le prix de vente du terrain représente la charge foncière qui constitue la contrepartie financière d'un droit à construire consenti par l'aménageur au constructeur. Différenciée selon la nature des constructions et assez éloignée de ce que serait une valeur objective du terrain aménagé, la charge foncière -élément important du prix de revient du logement- a été (et demeure) un instrument dans la conduite de la politique de construction.
Land intended for construction obviously has a cost, which increases with the level of facilities provided in the development. Commercialized, its selling price does not necessarily correspond to the cost price (it is generally less, being reduced by public subsidies), the balance of expenditures by resources of all types being an essential requirement. The selling price of the land represents the land charge which forms the financial compensation of a right to build granted by the developer to the constructor. Varying depending on the type of constructions and relatively remote from what would be an objective value of the developed land, the land charge -an important part in the cost price of the dwelling- has been (and remains) a tool in the implementation of the building policy.
Auger Jean. La charge foncière, entre aménageur et constructeur. In: Villes en parallèle, n°38-39, décembre 2004. Des grands ensembles à la banlieue. Témoignages sur une page de l'histoire urbaine française. pp. 98-111.
La Zone à Urbaniser en Priorité de Strasbourg-Hautepierre, construite dans les années 1970, dans le cadre des grands projets de rénovation et d'extension urbaine, conçue pour accueillir une ...importante population immigrée dans une certaine ambiance de rurbanisation, n'a guère joué le rôle qui lui était dévolu, celui de servir de catalyseur à un vaste mouvement d'intégration sociale et citoyenne. L'échec présent montre combien les vrais problèmes posés n'ont pas trouvé de vraies solutions. Dans l'attente d'une approche systématique et globale de la crise latente, quelques signes de bonne volonté de part et d'autre sont perceptibles.
The prime zone of urbanisation of "Strasbourg-Hautepierre" was constructed in the 1970ies with the purpose of great renovation and urban extension. It has been lanced to accommodate a large immigration population in a certain ambience of reurbanisation, but has not fulfilled the role it had been designed for : to serve as a catalyst for a large movement of social and citizen integration. The present failure shows how much real problems have not found real solutions. While awaiting a systematic and global approach to the latent crisis, some signs of good will are perceivable from one part or the other.
L'aménagement urbain est la prise en compte dans le projet d'urbanisation de l'ensemble des besoins en équipements nécessaires à la finalisation de l'opération de construction, puis la mise en œuvre ...de ce projet. Il s'est concrétisé de manière particulièrement efficace à l'occasion de la réalisation des grands ensembles d'habitations, mais également lors de l'aménagement de zones industrielles ou de zones de loisirs. Normalisés et quantifiés, les principes qu'il avait définis ont été de très précieux guides pour la conduite de grandes opérations difficiles à mener tant du fait de leur complexité, de leur importance en coûts, que de la durée de leur réalisation.
Urban development means taking into account in the urbanization project all the facilities required to finalize the building operation, then the implementation of this project. It proved to be particularly efficient when constructing large building estates, but also during the development of industrial areas or leisure areas. Normalized and quantified, the principles it had defined turned out to be invaluable when conducting large scale operations difficult to implement due to their complexity, their considerable cost and the time required for completion.
Auger Jean. Produire du terrain constructible et urbanisé. In: Villes en parallèle, n°38-39, décembre 2004. Des grands ensembles à la banlieue. Témoignages sur une page de l'histoire urbaine française. pp. 84-97.
Finir les grands ensembles Jullien, Jacques
Villes en Parallèle,
2004, Letnik:
38, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Les grands ensembles construits pendant les trente glorieuses ont joué un rôle important dans la résolution des problèmes du logement et de l'équipement des villes de banlieue. À partir de deux ...exemples, la ZUP du Val d'Argent à Argenteuil et la ZAC du Plateau à Sartrouville, l'auteur rappelle les conditions de la création et de la réalisation de ces grands ensembles, les contraintes administratives techniques et sociales de leur réalisation et les premiers moyens mis en œuvre pour tenter de résoudre, par leur réhabilitation, les questions sociales et urbaines qu'ils révèlent.
The housing estates built during the Thirty Glorious Years (Trente Glorieuses) played a significant role in solving the housing and equipment shortages in the suburbs. Using two examples, the Val d'Argent ZUP (priority development zone) at Argenteuil and the Plateau ZAC (mixed development zone) at Sartrouville, the author describes how these housing estates were created and built, the administrative, technical and social constraints inherent to their construction and the first means implemented to attempt to solve, through their rehabilitation, the social and urban issues which they raise.
Jullien Jacques. Finir les grands ensembles. In: Villes en parallèle, n°38-39, décembre 2004. Des grands ensembles à la banlieue. Témoignages sur une page de l'histoire urbaine française. pp. 122-152.
Slovenija je među prvim zemljama u svijetu počela primjenjivati kodificirani upravni postupak, i to od 1923. No, upravni postupak mora se prilagođivati suvremenoj društvenoj stvarnosti, pa se, ...usprkos očuvanju temeljnih koncepata, zakonodavstvo na ovom području neprestano mijenja. Slovenija je 1999. umjesto jugoslavenskog ZUP-a iz 1956. dobila svoj Zakon o općem upravnom postupku koji je od početka primjene u 2000. do 2007. čak pet puta noveliran, ali samo u pojedinačnim člancima. Opsežnija je samo novela Zakona iz 2004. (ZUP-C). Temeljne novosti svih novela naglašavaju usmjerenost uprave na korisnike njezinih usluga uz istodobnu učinkovitost postupka. Zadnja novela iz prosinca 2007.
(ZUP-E), u sklopu vladinog programa otklanjanja administrativnih zapreka, uvodi čak prilično radikalnu novost, tj. odricanje od prava na žalbu. Kod trendova usmjerenih zaštiti i lakšem ostvarivanju prava stranki valja obratiti pažnju na bit upravnog postupka, tj. zaštitu javnog interesa i njegovo prevladavanje nad interesima pojedinaca.
"It's the best job in Silver Bay," said Dean Smedstad, who has been with Zup's for 16 years. Kelly Baker, a 10-year veteran of Zup's, called Zupancich "the best boss in the world." Things are good ...again. Silver Bay is growing, with a business park waiting to be filled, a new hotel, a new mining company with new jobs. Bernie Zup still loves his business, knows all his customers by name, and their kids' names, and sometimes even their grandkids'. Every Thursday, he visits all the other Zup's stores. It's not a job for introverts. That kind of thing couldn't happen in a big town. It's one of the reasons the Zup's stores expand only to smaller communities, where their pleasantly old-fashioned family philosophy can thrive. When Bernie Zup does decide to hang up his grocer's apron, his son Brian, who is already part of the Silver Bay operation, will be there to step in.
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