“Regulatory objectivity” has been discussed as a novel aspect of scientific objectivity in the biomedical field. It emphasizes the co-production of evidence, resulting in clinical objectivity. Using ...the Japanese bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) inspection system from October 2001 as a case study, this study examines the implementation of administrative inspection in public health policy from the perspective of regulatory objectivity. The results reveal that, in addition to scientific reliability, regulatory objectivity is incorporated into administrative inspection, considering the feasibility of implementation. In previous studies, regulatory objectivity has been primarily associated with clinical medicine. Nevertheless, this case study, which focuses on administrative inspection, can be perceived as being constructed with the assumption of impacting a broader range of stakeholders, including the government, consumers, and producers. Moreover, the available resources and technologies during the establishment of the inspection system were utilized and institutionalized in a path-dependent manner, resulting in technological lock-in. Therefore, implementing new technologies in policies necessitates not only a significant improvement in detection sensitivity but also the development of a diagnostic market, which may weaken the incentive for restructuring, especially as infectious diseases are eradicated.
With the complication and diversification of the national life, and with a greater dependence of the individual on the nation state systems, the role of educational administration has become ...increasingly important. Just now our nation state is grappling with the reformation of education. Under the present conditions of this educational reform, the administration's duties become more and more serious. The educational reform that is progressing now is mainly enforced by an enactment of laws or regulations. This, so-called control in advance is, of course, an ordinary and reasonable procedure of educational administration. Simultaneously, the control by the administrative authorities themselves is also indispensable for educational reform. That is to say, on the one hand the execution of the educational reform may be ensured by the control of both the National Diet (legislative power) and of the Courts (judicial power); on the other hand it may be ensured by the administrative power itself. Under the present conditions, the analyses by the administrative power itself has been rather effective and accurate. This paper pays attention to Administrative Inspection as a system of administrative examination. In this paper I will take a bird's-eye view of the Inspection System, introduce some cases of "educational inspections", point out some issues, and discuss the meaning of this system. Hitherto, many articles on educational administration have treated the matter from the "outside", but I will treat the matters-the merits and the demerits-from "inside" of the administration. The educational administration should comply with the people's needs, and more educational reform in the right direction.In my view it is useful for the proper operation of the educational administration to point out the issues and the meaning of the Administrative Inspection System or "Educational Inspection" as the inner control of education.
