•KI 10 μM in the nutrient solution is suitable for I biofortification of basil and lettuce.•Hydroponic system did not influence plant growth in basil.•Aeroponics enhanced plant growth in ...lettuce.•Aeroponics was more effective than floating system for I biofortification.
Two hydroponic techniques (floating system and aeroponics) were assessed for iodine (I) biofortification of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and baby-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Iodine was supplemented by adding KI into the nutrient solution to achieve a final I concentration of 10 μM. Shoot biomass production and leaf concentration of I, nitrates, total phenols and pigments were measured on the occasion of two successive cuts, 14 and 28 days after transplanting. In both the hydroponic systems, the supplementation of KI represented an effective method for the biofortification of basil as it did not affect the plant growth, while it moderately reduced the biomass production in lettuce. Leaf I accumulation occurred to a greater extent in aeroponics than the floating system in both species. In KI-treated basil plants, leaf I content ranged between 9.76 and 23.58 mg kg−1 FW. Consequently, 6 g of fresh basil leaves, which is contained in a portion of Italian pesto sauce (12 g), could satisfy 40%–94% of the Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) of iodine for healthy adults (150 μg day−1). In lettuce, leaf I contents of first-cut leaves were 1.55 and 3.60 mg kg−1 FW, in the floating system and aeroponics, respectively. Therefore, a serving size of 26 g of lettuce containing I from 1.55 (floating culture) to 3.60 (aeroponics) mg kg−1 FW could satisfy 27 % to 62 % of the RDI of iodine.
Lettuce grew much less in the floating system than aeroponics, probably because of the lower dissolved oxygen level in the nutrient solution as compared to aeroponics. Basil was less sensitive to the oxygen availability in the root zone, since no differences were detected between the two hydroponic systems in terms of fresh and dry biomass.
The topographical conditions in Bulo-Bulo Village, Jeneponto Regency, South Sulawesi, tend to be bumpy and rocky, which is the main problem in farming. Locals exclusively use growing methods because ...there is little public awareness about cultivation technologies. The community employs a number of different fish farming systems. Additionally, the cost of fish feed has a tendency to change, making it harder for people to satisfy their needs for the primary protein source. The community can be counseled on land use by using aquaponic and aeroponic systems as a possible solution to the issue. Regardless of climatic conditions or current land characteristics, aquaponic technology is recognized as a substitute for integrated farming systems. By providing counseling, instruction, and hands-on support to the residents of Bulo-Bulo Village, the strategy is put into action. The results of this action take the shape of autonomous aquaponic and aeroponic installations that grow food crops and fish in the same space to reduce production costs and increase earnings. Every family in the community is intended to be able to benefit from this activity and use the farming technology in order to reinforce and encourage long-term improvements in the nation of Indonesia's food security.
Vertical farming is a type of indoor agriculture where plants are cultivated in stacked systems. It forms a rapidly growing sector with new emerging technologies. Indoor farms often use soil-free ...techniques such as hydroponics and aeroponics. Aeroponics involves the application to roots of a nutrient aerosol, which can lead to greater plant productivity than hydroponic cultivation. Aeroponics is thought to resolve a variety of plant physiological constraints that occur within hydroponic systems. We synthesize existing studies of the physiology and development of crops cultivated under aeroponic conditions and identify key knowledge gaps. We identify future research areas to accelerate the sustainable intensification of vertical farming using aeroponic systems.
is a succulent, facultative crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant. Plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics were studied when
plants were grown indoor under light emitting diodes ...(LED)-lighting with adequate water supply. Plants were cultured aeroponically for a 16-h photoperiod at an equal photosynthetic photon flux density of 350 μmol m
s
under different red:blue LED ratios: (1) 100:0 (0B); (2) 90:10 (10B); (3) 80:20 (20B); (4) 70:30 (30B); (5) 50:50 (50B); and (6)100:0 (100B).
grown under 10B condition had the highest shoot and root biomass and shoot/root ratio while those grown under 0B condition exhibited the lowest values. Compared to plants grown under 0B condition, all other plants had similar but higher total chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) contents and higher Chl
/
ratios. However, there were no significant differences in Chl/Car ratio among all plants grown under different red- and blue-LEDs. Photosynthetic light use efficiency measured by photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate, demonstrated that plants grown under high blue-LED utilized more light energy and had more effective heat dissipation mechanism compared to plants grown under 0B or lower blue-LED. Statistically, there were no differences in photosynthetic O
evolution rate, light-saturated CO
assimilation rate (
), and light-saturated stomatal conductance (
) among plants grown under different combined red- and blue-LEDs but they were significantly higher than those of 0B plants. No statistically differences in total reduced nitrogen content were found among all plants. For the total soluble protein, all plants grown under different combined red- and blue-LEDs had similar values but they were significantly higher than that of plants grown under 0B condition. However, plants grown under higher blue-LEDs had significant higher ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) protein than those plants grown under lower blue-LED. High
and
but very low CAM acidity of all
plants during light period, imply that this facultative CAM plant performed C
photosynthesis when supplied with adequate water. Results of this study suggest that compared to red- or blue-LED alone, appropriate combination of red- and blue-LED lighting enhanced plant growth and photosynthetic capacities of
.
Vertical farms (VFs) are innovative urban production facilities consisting of multi-level indoor systems equipped with artificial lighting in which all the environmental conditions are controlled ...independently from the external climate. VFs are generally provided with a closed loop fertigation system to optimize the use of water and nutrients. The objective of this study, performed within an experimental VF at the University of Bologna, was to quantify the water use efficiency (WUE, ratio between plant fresh weight and the volume of water used) for a lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth cycle obtained in two different growing systems: an ebb-and-flow substrate culture and a high pressure aeroponic system. Considering the total water consumed (water used for irrigation and climate management), WUE of ebb-and-flow and aeroponics was 28.1 and 52.9 g L−1 H2O, respectively. During the growing cycle, the contribution generated by the recovery of internal air moisture from the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, was quantified. Indeed, by recovering water from the dehumidifier, water use decreases dramatically (by 67 %), while WUE increased by 206 %. Further improvement of WUE in the ebb-and-flow system was obtained through ameliorated crop management strategies, in particular, by increasing planting densities (e.g., 153, 270 and 733 plants m−2) and by optimizing the light spectrum used for plant growth (e.g., adjusting the amount of far-red radiation in the spectrum). Strategies for efficient use of water in high-tech urban indoor growing systems are therefore proposed.
•Aeroponics increased water use efficiency by 114 % as compared to ebb-and-flow system.•By recovering water from the dehumidifier, water use efficiency increased by 206 %.•15–25 % of far-red radiation in the spectrum increased water use efficiency.•Dynamic planting density strategy enhanced water use efficiency.
This review paper describes a novel approach to plant cultivation under soil-less culture. At present, global climate change is expected to raise the risk of frequent drought. Agriculture is in a ...phase of major change around the world and dealing with serious problems. In future, it would be difficult task to provide a fresh and clean food supply for the fast-growing population using traditional agriculture. Under such circumstances, the soil-less cultivation is the alternative technology to adapt effectively. The soil-less system associated with the Hydroponic and Aeroponics system. In the aeroponics system, plant roots are hanging in the artificially provided plastic holder and foam material replacement of the soil under controlled conditions. The roots are allowed to dangle freely and openly in the air. However, the nutrient rich-water deliver with atomization nozzles. The nozzles create a fine spray mist of different droplet size at intermittently or continuously. This review concludes that aeroponics system is considered the best plant growing method for food security and sustainable development. The system has shown some promising returns in various countries and recommended as the most efficient, useful, significant, economical and convenient plant growing system then soil and other soil-less methods.
ABSTRACT Hydroponic technologies have increased the cultivated area under greenhouses covered with UV filter polyethylene film. However, there is a concern about the antioxidant contents of lettuces ...produced under these systems. In this study, it was compared the antioxidant contents of green and red leaf lettuces produced in two hydroponic systems in a greenhouse, against the ones produced with the conventional cultivation system by Colombian farmers. The antioxidant analysis revealed significant statistical differences for DPPH and Anthocyanin analyses (P=0) versus all other culture systems. The best results were obtained in the conventional cultivation. Red lettuce obtained the highest value of FRAP (655.3±82.6 mgAAE 100g-1), ABTS (17.8±6.9 mmolTE 100g-1), total phenols (680.2±69.3 mgGAE 100g-1) and anthocyanin (126.2±6.9 mgC3G 100g-1). Green lettuce exhibited the most antioxidant activity of DPPH (20.7±5.6 mmolTE 100g-1). These results suggest a detrimental effect of the greenhouse covered with UV filter polyethylene film in the antioxidant production of lettuce. Finally, red leaf lettuce showed better antioxidant capacity independent of the cultivation system.
Innovative technologies for cloned plants adaptation Elena Anatolievna Kalashnikova; Daria Rassovna Ganaeva; Anastasiia Andreevna Desiaterik ...
Caspian journal of environmental sciences,
12/2021, Letnik:
19, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Chrysanthemum plants are popular with amateur gardeners and breeders. It is widely used in landscaping cities, parks, and also for bouquets. Plants are notable for longer flowering and a bright color ...of flowers. Extracts of chrysanthemum plants contain various biologically active substances with bactericidal properties and are used in pharmacology and dentistry. The objective is to develop an effective technology for rapid in vitro reproduction and adaptation of chrysanthemum microclones. The objects of the study were chrysanthemum plants of three varieties: Bacardi, Korean Dawn, and Snow White. Semifloscules and flower buds were used as primary explants. The explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium containing mineral salts, as well as various growth regulators: 1) 1 mg L-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 IAA; 2) 15% Aminoven solution 3 mL L-1 ; 3) Stimul 1 mL L-1 ; and 4) a hormone-free medium. Microshoots were adapted using an aeroponic system. Unrooted microshoots were used for adaptation. The GrowPlant X-Stream 120 propagator was used as equipment for adaptation. The frequency of adventious budding depended on the hormonal composition of the nutrient medium. Aminoven in the nutrient medium led to the induction of the formation of adventitious buds on average in 85% of cases. The same indicator averaged 72% on the Stimul-containing medium. In a BAP-containing medium, the considered indicator was the same with the control variant (hormone-free medium). The Snow White explants had the highest regenerative activity, Bacardi was second, and Korean Dawn was third. Studies have shown that the efficiency of adaptation of unrooted microshoots under aeroponic conditions is significantly influenced by the composition of the nutrient medium during micropropagation. Thus, preliminary cultivation of microshoots in vitro on Stimul and Aminoven-containing media led to the rapid formation of the root system and active growth of the aerial part. In these variants, the shoot growth index (I) was 0.65-0.71, and specific rate (µ) was 0.89-1.1 mm day-1.
Production of virus-free plants, along with growth and frequent harvesting of tubers without destroying plants are believed to be the main factors associated with the increase in the yield and ...production efficiency of potatoes. The present study aimed to produce virus-free potato plantlets and draw a comparison between aeroponic system and soil culture concerning the production efficiency of minitubers from healthy plants. Additionally, an aeroponic system was designed and built herein under the production conditions in Iran. In this study, the combination of thermotherapy and shoot tip culture was used for the production of virus-free plantlets of Satina cultivar, followed by micropropagation to increase the number of virus-free plantlets. Subsequently, the derived plantlets were cultivated either in the soil or under aeroponic conditions for growth and tuber production. Certain parameters, including the main stem length, root length, number of stems, area of the largest leaf, minituber number, and weight of each plant were evaluated. The results showed that the plants grown under the aeroponic condition had a significantly higher number of shoots (6.50) and higher shoot length (124.87 cm), roots length (49.50 cm), and leaf area (16.45cm
2
) compared to those of soil cultivation, in which these values were 4.25, 113.50 cm, 22.62 cm, and 9.08 cm
2
, respectively. In fact, the plants grown applying aeroponic system produced a significantly higher yield (112.78 vs. 17.07 g), minituber weight (11.21 vs. 2.81 g), and number (10.05 vs. 6.05) than those cultivated in soil. The aeroponically grown plants had a significantly higher number of roots and stem, as well as higher roots length and leaf area than those cultivated in the soil. In the current work, easy access to nutrition, further root aeration, and frequent minitubers harvesting without destroying plants could be considered as the most important factors indicating aeroponic system superiority. Hence, this system could be introduced as a suitable method with higher efficiency than soil cultivation for potato minituber production. On account of the possibility of selecting tubers with the desired size at the harvest time, the harvested minitubers in the aeroponic group had a more uniform size compared with those in the soil culture group. The fact that, during the harvest, the tubers were not scratched and the soil particles did not stick to the surface of the minituber, not only reduced the cost and time of preparation process after harvesting, but also significantly contributed to increasing the marketing characteristics of the tubers.
Medicinal plants are an important source of therapeutic compounds used in the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Interestingly, they form associations with numerous microorganisms ...developing as endophytes or symbionts in different parts of the plants. Within the soil, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most prevalent symbiotic microorganisms forming associations with more than 70% of vascular plants. In the last decade, a number of studies have reported the positive effects of AMF on improving the production and accumulation of important active compounds in medicinal plants.
In this work, we reviewed the literature on the effects of AMF on the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. The major findings are as follows: AMF impact the production of secondary metabolites either directly by increasing plant biomass or indirectly by stimulating secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. The magnitude of the impact differs depending on the plant genotype, the AMF strain, and the environmental context (e.g., light, time of harvesting). Different methods of cultivation are used for the production of secondary metabolites by medicinal plants (e.g., greenhouse, aeroponics, hydroponics, in vitro and hairy root cultures) which also are compatible with AMF. In conclusion, the inoculation of medicinal plants with AMF is a real avenue for increasing the quantity and quality of secondary metabolites of pharmacological, medical, and cosmetic interest.
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