Objective: The aim of the essay is to discuss the agrarian issue in Brazil, articulating it in the mainstream of sustainable development, as an opportunity to democratize access and use of land, and ...especially to inhibit chronic problems that generate opulence and deprivation of freedoms, such as those emphasized by the COVID-19 crisis. Theoretical framework: It is based on the perspectives of two renowned researchers, Navarro and Medeiros. While Navarro questions the options for agrarian reform in democratic contexts, emphasizing the business perspective, Medeiros highlights the evolution of the agrarian issue, addressing struggles for land and cultural identity. Method: This essay is characterized by its qualitative nature, according to the methodology of content analysis in the style of a theoretical essay, and is focused on the debate on agrarian reform, based on two renowned researchers: Navarro (2014) and Medeiros (2015). Result and conclusion: It is concluded that abuses of power to invade the lands of citizens who have rightfully earned that space are crimes, given that the discussion suggests that they should be resolved by Brazilian land reform, so the judgment is positive related to the total relevance of land reform. Originality/value: The originality of this essay lies in the critical analysis of the perspectives of Navarro and Medeiros, contextualized in the post-COVID-19 crisis. The innovative approach underscores agrarian reform as a relevant solution to urgent social issues, adding value to the academic debate on sustainable development in Brazil.
Philippine agrarian reform involves compulsory purchase of private farmlands. Several landowners were suspected of either using land use conversions (LUCs) to pre-empt expropriation, or choosing ...market-led agrarian reform (MLAR) options to retain effective control of their farmland. However, there has been no statistically-tested empirical evidence to support anecdotal claims that these were adopted by landowners to protect private property rights. Before testing whether LUCs have been used solely to avoid land redistribution, this article provides a theoretical framework that treats the reform as a price intervention policy since compensation is usually below market value. This article’s novelty lies in its application of Cheung’s theory of price control to explain how land redistribution could change the use of productive asset through LUC, or the contractual arrangement of involved parties through MLAR. Afterwards, this study employs feasible generalized least squares regression, where the effect of compulsory land redistribution on MLAR and LUC are tested to investigate the hypothesis that LUC was largely induced by agrarian reform. The results show that some LUC and MLAR were induced by the risk of expropriation, although in the case of former only when the risk of expropriation is high. Based on Cheung's theory of price control, the response choice should depend on the transaction costs associated with each of the alternatives. The theoretical framework suggests that some landowners may have preferred MLAR first before considering LUC, which is posited as one reason why the proportion of expropriation-induced LUC may not have been as high as some might like to claim.
•Theory of price control applied to response of landowner to a risk of expropriation.•Empirical study on how agrarian reform may affect land use change in Philippines.•Land use conversion was partly induced by high risk of compulsory acquisition.•But evidence that it was a reasonable market response was also found.•Preference for market-led redistribution may have tempered reform-induced LUC.
Blockchain in Land Registry Amri, Fauzi; Sihombing, Poltak; Efendi, Syahril
Prisma sains (Online),
01/2023, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Blockchain technology that is increasingly developing can be a solution to land disputes. By designing a land title certificate system based on Blockchain technology, which has complete verification ...and recording of data history. So that it can help the government's efforts in Agrarian Reform. This research resulted in a system of recording of data history of Land Certificate. that can prove the Blockchain concept where every change that occurs in land title certificate data can be recorded, and distributed to all participants involved in the system.
El artículo estudia la política agraria en Portugal entre 1974 y 1985, marcada por una reforma agraria con enorme impacto sociopolítico sobre la que perduran hasta hoy interpretaciones enfrentadas. ...Basándose en fuentes primarias novedosas, el texto expone las motivaciones, objetivos e instrumentos que definieron la gestión de la cuestión agraria por parte de los dieciséis gobiernos portugueses del periodo. Especial atención dedica al Ministerio de Agricultura, creado en la Revolución para implementar la reforma agraria y reorientado después al objetivo de desmontar su propia obra. El texto sostiene que el consenso existente tras el fin de la dictadura sobre la necesidad de una reforma agraria desapareció cuando su implementación benefició a los comunistas. Eso inoculó en la clase política moderada poderosos anticuerpos contra los cambios estructurales en la agricultura y marcó las líneas maestras de la estrategia de los sucesivos gobiernos: la contrarreforma agraria y la continuidad de las políticas corporativistas de la dictadura. Conscientes de que así no sacarían al sector de su depresión, los dirigentes se consolaban con la esperanza de que la entrada en la CEE trajese un gigantesco caudal de recursos que catapultarían finalmente al campo portugués hacia la modernidad.
Agrarian reform is a homework that will not be completed only with sectoral approach. The real agrarian reform is not just dividing and legalizing the land, but making the land parcels have better ...access. This study used the collaboration theory of Russell M. Linden. The collaborative approach requires institutions tounderstand the basis of collaboration, create relationships, commitment and support among them built by collaborative leadership models. Agrarian reform must make Indonesian society better. Based on Linden’s qualitative descriptive method, there are several steps that can be adopted so as to make it easier to implement agrarian reform. The support of the governor/regent regulations on the above rules which substantially support the agrarian reform program will accelerate the implementation of the program. In addition, the division of roles and functions in the access corridor of reform requires a concrete conceptual foundation, easy to understand and firm in the form of rules that are accepted by all parties. Furthermore, in order to obtain a comprehensive and effective solution, the roles of ministries / institutions, the private sector, the community, NGOs,academics and mass media summarized in stakeholders need to be built systematically so as to eliminate the complexity of agrarian problems in Indonesia.
Este artigo, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, analisa as interpretações sobre a possibilidade de desapropriar imóveis produtivos que não cumprem todos os requisitos da função social da propriedade. ...O objetivo é compreender o conceito de produtividade constitucional, e a interpretação correta sobre a possibilidade de desapropriar imóveis produtivos disfuncionais. A abordagem é hermenêutica, filosófica (Gadamer) e jurídica, que – compreendendo que há um todo a priori (o mundo da vida) – significa formular uma pergunta (iniciar um diálogo) como aquilo que deve ser compreendido e se deixar determinar pela coisa em questão, exigindo-se, como critério epistemológico para uma interpretação correta, a harmonia entre o todo e as partes, reconhecendo que há uma abertura para a compreensão (o intérprete participa da produção do sentido), e, ao mesmo tempo, que há fronteiras, limitada pela juridicidade constitucional.
After several years of suspension, agrarian reform was re-implemented as a way to achieve agrarian justice. This policy was stipulated in the Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 concerning the ...Implementation of Agrarian Reform which is framed in the Agrarian Reform and Social Forestry (RAPS). However, many groups, mainly the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) with their strong activism in the agrarian struggle, deeply criticized this policy. This research will examine how NU activists deconstruct the concept of agrarian reform in the RAPS policy using the priority fiqh theory. Fiqh of priorities was initiated to consider the implementation of charity acts or policies deserving the priority of concern based on Shariah principles. This study applied empirical and normative legal research by interviewing NU activists, who paid a specific concern in the agrarian sector, and by conducting a literature review of the results of NU’s ijtihad regarding agrarian reform. The result of this study indicates that agrarian reform in the RAPS policy has not fulfilled the priority fiqh principles. This article contributes to the accuracy of the concept and implementation of agrarian reform in Indonesia which is more just in accordance with the scale of priorities needed to achieve the goals of agrarian reform.Setelah bertahun-tahun ditangguhkan, reforma agraria kembali diterapkan sebagai salah satu cara untuk mewujudkan keadilan di bidang agraria. Kebijakan ini ditetapkan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria yang dibingkai dalam kebijakan Reforma Agraria dan Pergutanan Sosial (RAPS). Tetapi, kebijakan reforma agraria dalam RAPS dikritik banyak kalangan, salah satunya dari kalangan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) yang aktif dalam perjuangan agraria. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana dekonstruksi aktivis NU terhadap konsep reforma agraria dalam kebijakan RAPS dengan menggunakan teori fikih prioritas. Fikih prioritas merupakan salah satu teori dalam fikih kontemporer yang digagas untuk mempertimbangkan pelaksanaan amal atau kebijakan yang perlu diprioritaskan berdasarkan kaidah-kaidah syari’at. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian hukum empiris dan normatif, dengan mewawancarai para aktivis NU concern di bidang agraria serta kajian literatur terhadap hasil ijtihad NU mengenai reforma agraria. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa reforma agraria dalam kebijakan RAPS belum memenuhi kaidah fikih prioritas. Artikel ini berkontribusi untuk mengakurasi konsep dan implementasi reforma agraria di Indonesia yang lebih adil sesuai dengan skala prioritas yang dibutuhkan untuk menggapai tujuan reforma agraria.
Fulfilling communal rights to customary lands has still become an unresolved polemic. As a country adhering to Pancasila ideology, all laws and regulations should embody in Pancasila, including ...regulation on Agrarian Reform. This research aimed to figure out the reduction of values found in the 2nd principle of Pancasila against the Presidential Regulation Number 86 Year 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform in the context of fulfilling communal rights of indigenous peoples to customary lands. The research used a normative-juridical method with both statutory and analytical approaches. This research specifically examined and analyzed the reduction of values in the second principles of Pancasila toward the regulation of agrarian reform in Indonesia. The data sources were in the form of secondary data to obtain objective research results including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through documents and literatures. The collected data were then qualitatively analyzed and presented in the forms of narrative text. By implementing the second principle of Pancasila, the communal rights to customary lands are fulfilled in Agrarian Reform and become the basis to strengthen the position of indigenous peoples in national legal system.
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