Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of Coleostephus myconis.
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•The Asteraceae species Coleostephus myconis (L.) Rchb.f. was studied for the first time.•Different botanical parts ...and extract types were evaluated and compared.•The extraction solvent had high effect on the measured antioxidant activity.•The phenolic profile showed significant differences among the studied botanical parts.•The major phenolics were 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and myricetin-O-methyl-hexoside.
Coleostephus myconis (L.) Rchb.f. (Asteraceae) is a species with ruderal growth and persistence in abandoned soils, being characterized for its plentiful yellow flowering between March and August. Despite its botanical relevance, C. myconis had never been studied neither for its antioxidant activity, nor individual phenolic compounds. Herein, the antioxidant activity of different botanical parts: stems and leaves (green parts), floral buds, flowers in anthesis and senescent flowers, was studied in selected extracts (ethanol, ethanol:water 1:1 and water) through different chemical and biochemical assays. In addition, the phenolic profiles of the hydroethanolic extracts of each botanical part were also characterized by liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MSn). The antioxidant activity was significantly modulated by the extract type, with the hydroethanolic extracts showing the highest antioxidant activity, especially those obtained from the senescent flowers and floral buds. The phenolic profiles were the same for all flowering stages (with quantitative differences), but that characterized in the green parts were quite different. Floral buds gave the highest contents in phenolic compounds, mainly due to the contribution of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid and myricetin-O-methyl-hexoside. Overall, C. myconis showed an interesting potential to be included in different industrial applications.
: Free radicals are formed mainly as a result of environmental pollution, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and stress. These factors contribute to the formation of oxidative stress, which is involved in ...the aging process of the skin, among other things. Antioxidants are compounds found naturally in plant products that have beneficial effects on human health. Natural antioxidants found in fruits, vegetables, and other plants have a positive antiaging effect. Therefore, in recent years there has been an increased interest in plant raw materials to obtain antioxidants useful not only in cosmetology. One of these plants that is commonly grown in our country is chicory (
L.). The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts obtained from 3 parts of
L. The influence of extraction time and solvent selection on the antioxidant activity of various parts of chicory was also investigated.
: The research material consisted of dried herb, stem, and root of
L. Low molecular weight alcohols, i.e. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol at concentrations of 40%(v/v), 70%(v/v) and undiluted were used to obtain extracts using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azinobis3-ethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiazole- 6-sulfonate diammonium salt (ABTS) methods.
: Extracts from all parts of chicory showed antioxidant potential, but it varied depending on the part of chicory to be used. The highest activity was observed for herb extracts and the lowest for root extracts. Methanol seemed to be the best solvent for extraction to obtain the extracts characterized by high antioxidant capacity.
: Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that due to their antioxidant activity,
L. extracts, especially those obtained from the herb, can be suggested as components of natural cosmetics.
: Human skin is constantly exposed to harmful external factors that are often the cause of premature aging. Anti-oxidants (including vitamins and flavonoids) are an important group of compounds that ...are necessary to scavenge harmful free radicals. As a result of the universally functioning cult of beauty, cosmetics manufacturers increasingly often add antioxidants to slow the aging process of the skin. In beauty salons, these preparations are used during cosmetics treatments to facilitate the penetration of active ingredients into the skin, including mesotherapy, iontophoresis, or sonophoresis. Researchers, on the other hand, are looking for new rich sources of antioxidants and for more effective methods of their isolation. Raw materials from common hazel (
L.) are characterized by a very high antioxidant potential, but they are relatively rarely used in the production of any cosmetic preparations.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the hazel vegetation period as well as extraction conditions on the antioxidative activity of alcoholic extracts of selected parts of
L.
: Ultrasound-assisted extraction was applied to obtain alcoholic extracts from male inflorescences and common hazel leaves in different vegetation phases. Ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, and n-propanol at concentrations of 40%, 70%, or 96/99% were applied as extractants. The antioxi-dative potential was assessed using the DPPH and ABTS methods. Absorbance measurements were made using a spectrophotometer.
: All the tested raw materials from
L. were characterized by a very high antioxidant activity. The highest scavenging capacity of free radicals was observed for dried leaves before and during fruiting determined using the DPPH and ABTS methods. The lowest activities were obtained in extracts in propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol from dried leaves during fruiting and male inflorescences. The results confirm the high content of antioxidants in the studied plant and suggest that raw materials derived from common hazel may be used in the production of cosmetics.
Abstract
Alhagi maurorum (A. maurorum) is one of the medicinally important plants that belongs leguminasae family, commonly known as Camel thorn. This article we will present the methods of Alhagi ...maurorum plant extraction, the compounds of the extract and the compounds in the plant extract and its various therapeutic applications in the medical field and highlight the importance of plant extracts as alternatives to manufactured medicines with multiple side effects, the plant extracts has many compounds the most important is flavonoid and phenolic because of their therapeutic properties such as anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory.
Background: SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan in December 2019, and after that, it spread quickly around the world. The virus could spread to millions of individuals since there were no particular ...treatments or preventative measures. The COVID-19 infection is often treated with current drugs such as Remdesivir, steroids, tocilizumab, favipiravir, and ivermectin. However, the immunosuppressive effects of these medicines might worsen COVID-19 symptoms and put the lives of immunocompromised individuals in peril. Thus, it is important to sustain a robust immune system when undergoing therapy for COVID-19. Herbal treatment has the potential to accomplish this objective.
Objective: The current investigation involves the preparation of polyherbal syrup containing various medicinal plants such as ephedra, diascorea, ginger, echinacea, garlic, rhubarb, and glycyrrhiza for the effective control of the COVID-19 infection.
Methods: All varieties of the individual plant powders (200 g) were treated to a 7 day maceration in aqueous ethanol (70:30) in a percolator at room temperature with intermittent vigorous shaking at room temperature and storage of the extract in a dark room. The mixture was run through a muslin cloth and then a Whatman qualitative grade 1 filter paper to produce the filtrate. The filtrate was evaporated to a thick paste-like consistency at 370°C under decreased pressure in a rota evaporator connected to a vacuum pump. After that, each individual extract was collected and kept in airtight jars at 4°C. According to the Indian Pharmacopoeia, simple syrup (66.67% w/v) of polyherbal extract was prepared. The oral administration of polyherbal syrup was carried out at varied doses of 0.5 ml, 1 ml, and 1.5 ml to infected golden Syrian hamsters from the 7th day for one week after infection reached its peak.
Results: When compared to the infection control group, the results revealed that the viral load was significantly reduced by 79.1% when treated with polyherbal syrup. A histological examination of the infected hamster lung on days 7, 10, and 13 demonstrated that polyherbal syrup significantly decreased viral load in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: It is inferred that the polyherbal syrup formulation demonstrates efficacy in the prevention of COVID-19 infection during its first stages and may serve as a potential contender for SARSCoV- 2 due to its immunomodulatory properties.
Today's, vaccination is the most cost-effective approaches for preventing infectious diseases. In this strategy, adjuvants play an important role. Propolis from honey bee can stimulate the immune ...system and several studies have shown the modulating effects of Propolis on the immune responses. Here, the adjuvant effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis were studied on the multi-epitope vaccines against HIV-1. A recombinant vaccine against HIV-1 was prepared and BALB/c mice were immunized.
subcutaneously on day 0 with 100 μl of candidate vaccine (10 μg) formulated in an alcoholic extract of Propolis. The second group of mice was immunized with the vaccine (10 μg) formulated in aqueous extract of Propolis. Also, candidate vaccine was formulated in Freund's and Alum adjuvants in the third and fourth groups. Experimental mice were immunized three times with two week intervals under the same conditions and suitable control groups. After final injection, lymphocyte proliferation was measured by BrdU method, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, specific total IgG antibodies, IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes were evaluated using ELISA. The results show that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts were able to enhance lymphocyte proliferation, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines and antibody responses with dominant IgG1 pattern and comparable to Freund's and Alum adjuvants. It seems that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis show adjuvant activity and may be useful for vaccine formulation.
•Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis induced lymphocyte proliferation like to Alum and Freund adjuvanted vaccines.•Propolis extracts induced IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines, comparable to vaccine formulated in Alum and Freund adjuvants.•Alcoholic extract induced humoral immune response comparable to Alum and Freund adjuvanted vaccines.•Biomolecules from aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis may be useful as a part of complex adjuvants.
► H. scoparium, A. campestris and A. unedo extracts possessed the highest levels of phenols. ► C. monspessulanus had the highest levels of flavonoids. ► α-Pinene, β-pinene and sabinene predominated ...in A. campestris and J. phoenicea oils. ► The oils were more active than the extracts for scavenging peroxyl radicals and inhibiting lipoxygenase. ► A. unedo extract was the most active for scavenging ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion radicals and it also had the best reducing capacity.
Total phenol, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavone/flavonol and flavanones/dihydroflavonol contents of hydro-alcoholic extracts, obtained by sonication, from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris L., Anthemis arvensis L., Haloxylon scoparium Pomel, Juniperus phoenicea L., Arbutus unedo L., Cytisus monspessulanus L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss et Reut, Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) collected in Djebel Amour (Sahara Atlas, Algeria) were quantified by spectrophotometric methods. The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Artemisia campestris L. and Juniperus phoenicea L. aerial parts were also evaluated by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant activity of the extracts and essential oils was assessed measuring the capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation using two lipidic substrates (egg yolk and liposomes), the capacity for scavenging DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxyl radicals. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the capacity for inhibiting lipoxygenase. Reducing power and chelating capacity were also assayed. The results showed different amounts of total phenols depending on the method used: A. campestris extract had the highest levels of total phenols when the measurement was made at λ=280nm, whereas H. scoparium and A. unedo extracts showed the highest levels of total phenols with Folin-Ciocalteau. C. monspessulanus had the highest levels of flavones/flavonols and flavanones/dihydroflavonols. The essential oils of A. campestris and J. phoenicea were mainly constituted by α-pinene, β-pinene and sabinene; and α-pinene, respectively. The methods used for assaying the capacity for preventing lipid peroxidation revealed to be inadequate for extracts due to the great interferences detected. The essential oils were more active than the generality of extracts for scavenging peroxyl radicals and for inhibiting lipoxygenase, whereas A. unedo extract was the most active for scavenging ABTS, DPPH, superoxide anion radicals and it also had the best reducing capacity. In a general way, the great majority of the antioxidant activities correlated well with the phenol content although such correlation was not so clear with the flavonoid content.
Biodeterioration of cultural heritage is caused by different organisms capable of inducing complex alteration processes. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Rosmarinus officinalis ...hydro-alcoholic extract to inhibit the growth of deteriogenic microbial strains. For this, the physico-chemical characterization of the vegetal extract by UHPLC–MS/MS, its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity on a representative number of biodeteriogenic microbial strains, as well as the antioxidant activity determined by DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, TEAC methods, were performed. The extract had a total phenol content of 15.62 ± 0.97 mg GAE/mL of which approximately 8.53% were flavonoids. The polyphenolic profile included carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmarinic acid and hesperidin as major components. The extract exhibited good and wide spectrum antimicrobial activity, with low MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values against fungal strains such as Aspergillus clavatus (MIC = 1.2 mg/mL) and bacterial strains such as Arthrobacter globiformis (MIC = 0.78 mg/mL) or Bacillus cereus (MIC = 1.56 mg/mL). The rosemary extract inhibited the adherence capacity to the inert substrate of Penicillium chrysogenum strains isolated from wooden objects or textiles and B. thuringiensis strains. A potential mechanism of R. officinalis antimicrobial activity could be represented by the release of nitric oxide (NO), a universal signalling molecule for stress management. Moreover, the treatment of microbial cultures with subinhibitory concentrations has modulated the production of microbial enzymes and organic acids involved in biodeterioration, with the effect depending on the studied microbial strain, isolation source and the tested soluble factor. This paper reports for the first time the potential of R. officinalis hydro-alcoholic extract for the development of eco-friendly solutions dedicated to the conservation/safeguarding of tangible cultural heritage.
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