Within 2 or 3 days after fertilization such ponds usually contain large numbers of Xenopus, which immediately start spawning, so that by the time plankton has developed the pond is teeming with ...larvae ... that they are attracted by fertilized water and spawn before an algal bloom develops suggests that the primary stimulus for spawning ... could be the fertilizer.
The integration of microalgae-based biofuel and bioproducts production with wastewater treatment has major advantages for both industries. However, major challenges to the implementation of an ...integrated system include the large-scale production of algae and the harvesting of microalgae in a way that allows for downstream processing to produce biofuels and other bioproducts of value. Although the majority of algal production systems use suspended cultures in either open ponds or closed reactors, the use of attached cultures may offer several advantages. With regard to harvesting methods, better understanding and control of autoflocculation and bioflocculation could improve performance and reduce chemical addition requirements for conventional mechanical methods that include centrifugation, tangential filtration, gravity sedimentation, and dissolved air flotation. There are many approaches currently used by companies and industries using clean water at laboratory, bench, and pilot scale; however, large-scale systems for controlled algae production and/or harvesting for wastewater treatment and subsequent processing for bioproducts are lacking. Further investigation and development of large-scale production and harvesting methods for biofuels and bioproducts are necessary, particularly with less studied but promising approaches such as those involving attached algal biofilm cultures.
Algae Energy Demirbas, Ayhan
2010, 2010-08-15, c2010
eBook
Recenzirano
Algae Energy covers the production of algae culture and the usage of algal biomass conversion products. It also reviews modern biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, ...biomethane and biohydrogen. Each chapter opens with fundamental explanations suitable for those with a general interest in algae energy and goes on to provide in-depth scientific details for more expert readers. Algae energy is discussed within the wider context of green energy, with chapters covering topics such as: green energy facilities, algae technology, energy from algae and biodiesel from algae. Algae Energy addresses the needs of energy researchers, chemical engineers, fuel and environmental engineers, postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, and others interested in a practical tool for pursuing their interest in bio-energy. TOC:Green Energy Facilities.- Biofuels.- Algae Technology.- Energy from Algae.- Biodiesel from Algae.- Biorefinery.- Future Developments.
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are an important cover in arid desert landscapes, and have a profound effect on the CO sub(2) exchange in the desert system. Although a large number of studies have ...focused on the CO sub(2) flux at the soil-air interface, relatively few studies have examined the soil CO sub(2) concentration in individual layers of the soil profile. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of CO sub(2) concentration throughout the soil profile under two typical BSCs (algae crusts and moss crusts) and its driving factors were examined in a revegetated sandy area of the Tengger Desert from Mar 2010 to Oct 2012. Our results showed that the mean values of the vertical soil CO sub(2) concentrations under algal crusts and moss crusts were 600-1,200 mu mol/mol at the 0-40 cm soil profiles and increased linearly with soil depth. Daily CO sub(2) concentrations showed a single-peak curve and often had a 1-2 h time delay after the maximum soil temperature. During the rainy season, the mean soil CO sub(2) concentration profile was 1,200-2,000 mu mol/mol, which was 2-5 times higher as compared to the dry season (400-800 mu mol/mol). Annually, soil moisture content was the key limiting factor of the soil CO sub(2) concentration, but at the daily time scale, soil temperature was the main limiting factor. Combined with infiltration depth of crusted soils, we predicted that precipitation of 10-15 mm was the most effective driving factor in arid desert regions.
Without Wilde, Fran
Nature (London),
09/2012, Letnik:
489, Številka:
7416
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
First thing when I landed, I showed him the photos of Joie and Darra. Last time he saw his daughters, their laughter rasped, mottled with dust and smoke. First green thing I'd seen here, but not ...appealing.
Algal taxonomy forum Adl, Sina
Journal of phycology,
04/2013, Letnik:
49, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The publication of a mini-review by Olivier De Clerck et al. in this issue of the Journal of Phycology presented an opportunity to open a dialogue on challenges faced by contemporary algal ...taxonomists. The Editorial Office solicited the following two additional contributions in response to De Clerck et al.'s paper; the responses were edited solely for clarity, space and format. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Biofilm-based algal cultivation has received increased attention as a potential platform for algal production and other applications such as wastewater treatment. Algal biofilm cultivation systems ...represent an alternative to the suspension-based systems that have yet to become economically viable. One major advantage of algal biofilm systems is that algae can be simply harvested through scraping and thus avoid the expensive harvesting procedures used in suspension-based harvesting such as flocculation and centrifugation. In recent years, an assortment of algal biofilm systems have been developed with various design configurations and biomass production capacities. This review summarizes the state of the art of different algal biofilm systems in terms of their design and operation. Perspectives for future research needs are also discussed to provide guidance for further development of these unique cultivation systems.
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