The role of mediation as mechanism for the amicable settlement of disputes is growing in the modern legal sector. Mediation is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in modern law, and the ...Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe recommended to use it in administrative disputes in 2001*. Mediation as the alternative dispute resolution mechanism is actively applied in civil disputes in Georgian legal sector, although it has not gained popularity in administrative disputes. Overwhelmed courts with administrative disputes and delayed justice once again underscores the need for reform, which may consider development of a new program to establish new mechanisms in administrative disputes and popularize application of new mechanisms. The use of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in administrative-legal proceedings may have prospects, given its growing popularity in civil disputes and the methodology for resolving disputes amicably, although this requires judicial/legislative readiness. The goal of the study is to consider the perspective and possibility of using mediation in administrative disputes in order to demonstrate the need to use mediation as a mechanism.
This open access volume of the AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation offers the first comprehensive legal and regulatory analysis of the Insurance Distribution Directive (IDD). ...The IDD came into force on 1 October 2018 and regulates the distribution of insurance products in the EU. The book examines the main changes accompanying the IDD and analyses its impact on insurance distributors, i.e., insurance intermediaries and insurance undertakings, as well as the market. Drawing on interrelations between the rules of the Directive and other fields that are relevant to the distribution of insurance products, it explores various topics related to the interpretation of the IDD – e.g. the harmonization achieved under it; its role as a benchmark for national legislators; and its interplay with other regulations and sciences – while also providing an empirical analysis of the standardised pre-contractual information document. Accordingly, the book offers a wealth of valuable insights for academics, regulators, practitioners and students who are interested in issues concerning insurance distribution.
Embora já muito difundidos os estudos sobre o Novo Código de Processo Civil de 2015, uma ampla fronteira de investigações existe para a Análise Econômica do Direito Processual para as novas ...instituições construídas na nova lei processual. Neste trabalho, pretende-se apresentar algumas contribuições sobre os novos desenhos institucionais do Código voltados para uma atividade jurisdicional mais eficiente, voltados para ação mais satisfativa dos direitos. Trataram-se sobre a escolha legislativa das novas instituições desenhadas na lei processual, a ideia de eficiência em AED, a questão dos desenhos institucionais e alguns dispositivos institucionais previstos que mostram que a prática do Novo CPC é a vontade de satisfazer os direitos objetivos e subjetivos.
Judicial mediation has been used in Lithuania for more than fifteen years. During this period, the model of the application of this alternative dispute resolution method in Lithuania has experienced ...constant changes and faced various challenges, from the model of judges to the market model and back. Such transformation shows the fact that this institute is still developing. This article aims to assess the current situation of judicial mediation in Lithuania and, based on judges’ attitudes, to identify possible directions for improving the current model. In order to achieve this goal, the analysis of the legal structure of the judicial mediation model currently used in Lithuania was undertaken, and statistical data on the practice of applying this court-connected alternative dispute resolution method in courts were discerned. This was followed by a survey of judges and a focus group discussion, aiming to find out their attitudes towards the state of the art and further developments of this institute, as judges are the most frequent initiators of this process and the entities most often providing the services of mediation. The article succinctly presents the historical development of judicial mediation in Lithuania, defines the existing model of judicial mediation in civil proceedings and its features, presents the results of an empirical study of the attitudes of judges to judicial mediation, and provides generalizations. The empirical study was carried out by combining quantitative (a survey of judges and judge/mediators) and qualitative (discussions between groups of judges and judge/mediators) research methods. It should be noted that, from the point of view of judges, the institute of judicial mediation in Lithuania, in order to achieve its sustainability and the successful further practice of application, could be improved by paying greater attention to its further publicity, improving the working conditions of judicial court mediators and reviewing the motivational system of court mediator judges. The results of this study create the prerequisites for further research aimed at improving the legal regulation of judicial mediation.
Alexander Morell überprüft die tatsächliche Wirksamkeit des Beibringungsgrundsatzes. Er beschreibt das Erkenntnisverfahren als strategische Interaktion zwischen den Parteien und dem Richter, die ...unter dem Beibringungsgrundsatz zwei Mechanismen der Informationsgewinnung umfasst. Diese beruhen beide auf dem vom Beibringungsgrundsatz ins Zentrum gerückten Antagonismus der Parteiinteressen und klären zusammen äußerst wirksam auf. Neben dem sogenannten Vereinigungsmechanismus, nach dem der Richter die Vereinigungsmenge der - gegebenenfalls bewiesenen - Behauptungen der Parteien als Sachverhalt zu Grunde legt, wirkt im Zivilprozess auch das sogenannte Grossman'sche Schließen. Dieses ermöglicht es dem Richter unter bestimmten Bedingungen, aus der Nichtvorlage von Beweismitteln durch die nicht beweisbelastete Partei zutreffend auf den Sachverhalt zu schließen. Das Werk wendet die aufgefundenen Einsichten zur Illustration auf Beweisprobleme im Kontext des Dieselskandals an und lotet Implikationen für das allgemeine Beweisrecht aus.
Nach §1066 ZPO gelten die Vorschriften über vertraglich vereinbarte Schiedsgerichte entsprechend für "Schiedsgerichte, die in gesetzlich statthafter Weise durch letztwillige ... Verfügungen ...angeordnet werden". Während solche letztwilligen Schiedsverfügungen im 20.Jahrhundert sehr selten waren, beschäftigen sie heute die deutschen Gerichte mit gewisser Regelmäßigkeit. Mit Zunahme der praktischen Relevanz rücken auch die dogmatischen Grundlagen letztwilliger Schiedsverfügungen in den Fokus: Warum darf der Erblasser nicht nur materielle, sondern auch prozessuale Verfügungen von Todes wegen treffen? Wie weit reicht die Zuständigkeit des letztwillig eingesetzten Schiedsgerichts? Und welches Recht ist anzuwenden, wenn der Erbfall grenzüberschreitende Bezüge aufweist? Jakob Gleim beantwortet diese Fragen und bezieht dabei im Rahmen eines Rechtsvergleichs auch das US-amerikanische Recht ein. Fürdie vorliegende Dissertation wurde Jakob Gleim mit der2020 der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft ausgezeichnet.
The use of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in the modern legal environment is in- creasing in civil-legal disputes. Although in 2001, the Council of Europe recommended ...using alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in administrative disputes, up to date, arbitration and other alternative dispute resolution mechanisms have not gained popularity in administrative disputes. Given its nature, arbitration is the closest to the judicial mechanism among the alternative dispute resolution methods. Although the use of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism in administrative disputes is not recognized by the legislation of Georgia, considering the types of administrative disputes, it is possible to use arbitration dispute resolution mechanisms in certain categories of administrative disputes. It is important to note that defining an alternative dispute resolution mechanism against the background of the overwhelmed courts and delayed justice and establishing new mechanisms may be successful and promising in the context of a justice rapid response. Accordingly, taking into account the legislation of Georgia, the analysis of practice, and the application of civil standards to administrative contracts, the aim of the study is to consider the possibility of using the arbitration mechanism in disputes arising out of administrative contracts. In this regard, the subject matter of the study is the essence of the administrative contracts and arbitration mechanism, the analysis of Georgian legislation is presented, and the possibility, purpose, and perspective of the use of arbitration for resolving the disputes of administrative contracts are summarized.
Both economic theory and legal theory assume that sophisticated parties routinely aimto write contracts that are optimal, in the sense of maximizing the parties' joint surplus. But more recent ...studies analyzing corporate and government bond agreements have suggested that some contract provisions are highly path dependent, or "sticky," with future agreements only rarely improving upon previous ones.
Analyzing half a million contracts using automated text analysis, this Article demonstrates that the stickiness hypothesis explains the striking lack of dispute resolution clauses that can be found in agreements between even the most sophisticated commercial parties. When drafting these contracts, external counsel rely heavily on templates, and whether a contract includes a dispute settlement provision is almost exclusively driven by the template that is used to supply the first draft. There is no evidence to suggest that counsel negotiate over the inclusion of dispute resolution clauses, nor that law firm templates are revised in response to changes in the costs and benefits of incomplete contracting.
Together, the findings reveal a distinct apathy toward addressing dispute resolution through contracting. From an institutional perspective, this suggests that the role of default rules in contract law is more important than is often assumed. Whereas traditional accounts hold that commercial actors would simply contract around inefficient defaults, the evidence produced in this Article highlights that defaults are significantly important for transactions between even the most sophisticated commercial actors.
East Asian states infrequently seek peaceful dispute resolution through binding methods of international law. What is puzzling is why states seek one particular dispute resolution method or another, ...and in the specific case of the Philippines, why the government chose to pursue arbitration against China regarding the maritime boundaries of the disputed Spratly Islands, knowing that China would not agree to participate. In this article, we theorize that the Philippine government chose to pursue arbitration against China for three strategic reasons: 1) to counterbalance China's military actions in the South China Sea, 2) because of the strong benefits to the state resulting from using arbitration, and 3) the probability of winning the case using arbitration was perceived by the Philippines as strong. To test our hypotheses, we use interviews and process tracing, through which we find evidence for our suppositions, primarily the last hypothesis.
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