Judicial mediation has been used in Lithuania for more than fifteen years. During this period, the model of the application of this alternative dispute resolution method in Lithuania has experienced ...constant changes and faced various challenges, from the model of judges to the market model and back. Such transformation shows the fact that this institute is still developing. This article aims to assess the current situation of judicial mediation in Lithuania and, based on judges’ attitudes, to identify possible directions for improving the current model. In order to achieve this goal, the analysis of the legal structure of the judicial mediation model currently used in Lithuania was undertaken, and statistical data on the practice of applying this court-connected alternative dispute resolution method in courts were discerned. This was followed by a survey of judges and a focus group discussion, aiming to find out their attitudes towards the state of the art and further developments of this institute, as judges are the most frequent initiators of this process and the entities most often providing the services of mediation. The article succinctly presents the historical development of judicial mediation in Lithuania, defines the existing model of judicial mediation in civil proceedings and its features, presents the results of an empirical study of the attitudes of judges to judicial mediation, and provides generalizations. The empirical study was carried out by combining quantitative (a survey of judges and judge/mediators) and qualitative (discussions between groups of judges and judge/mediators) research methods. It should be noted that, from the point of view of judges, the institute of judicial mediation in Lithuania, in order to achieve its sustainability and the successful further practice of application, could be improved by paying greater attention to its further publicity, improving the working conditions of judicial court mediators and reviewing the motivational system of court mediator judges. The results of this study create the prerequisites for further research aimed at improving the legal regulation of judicial mediation.
The use of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in the modern legal environment is in- creasing in civil-legal disputes. Although in 2001, the Council of Europe recommended ...using alternative dispute resolution mechanisms in administrative disputes, up to date, arbitration and other alternative dispute resolution mechanisms have not gained popularity in administrative disputes. Given its nature, arbitration is the closest to the judicial mechanism among the alternative dispute resolution methods. Although the use of arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism in administrative disputes is not recognized by the legislation of Georgia, considering the types of administrative disputes, it is possible to use arbitration dispute resolution mechanisms in certain categories of administrative disputes. It is important to note that defining an alternative dispute resolution mechanism against the background of the overwhelmed courts and delayed justice and establishing new mechanisms may be successful and promising in the context of a justice rapid response. Accordingly, taking into account the legislation of Georgia, the analysis of practice, and the application of civil standards to administrative contracts, the aim of the study is to consider the possibility of using the arbitration mechanism in disputes arising out of administrative contracts. In this regard, the subject matter of the study is the essence of the administrative contracts and arbitration mechanism, the analysis of Georgian legislation is presented, and the possibility, purpose, and perspective of the use of arbitration for resolving the disputes of administrative contracts are summarized.
Nach §1066 ZPO gelten die Vorschriften über vertraglich vereinbarte Schiedsgerichte entsprechend für "Schiedsgerichte, die in gesetzlich statthafter Weise durch letztwillige ... Verfügungen ...angeordnet werden". Während solche letztwilligen Schiedsverfügungen im 20.Jahrhundert sehr selten waren, beschäftigen sie heute die deutschen Gerichte mit gewisser Regelmäßigkeit. Mit Zunahme der praktischen Relevanz rücken auch die dogmatischen Grundlagen letztwilliger Schiedsverfügungen in den Fokus: Warum darf der Erblasser nicht nur materielle, sondern auch prozessuale Verfügungen von Todes wegen treffen? Wie weit reicht die Zuständigkeit des letztwillig eingesetzten Schiedsgerichts? Und welches Recht ist anzuwenden, wenn der Erbfall grenzüberschreitende Bezüge aufweist? Jakob Gleim beantwortet diese Fragen und bezieht dabei im Rahmen eines Rechtsvergleichs auch das US-amerikanische Recht ein. Fürdie vorliegende Dissertation wurde Jakob Gleim mit der2020 der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft ausgezeichnet.
Alexander Morell überprüft die tatsächliche Wirksamkeit des Beibringungsgrundsatzes. Er beschreibt das Erkenntnisverfahren als strategische Interaktion zwischen den Parteien und dem Richter, die ...unter dem Beibringungsgrundsatz zwei Mechanismen der Informationsgewinnung umfasst. Diese beruhen beide auf dem vom Beibringungsgrundsatz ins Zentrum gerückten Antagonismus der Parteiinteressen und klären zusammen äußerst wirksam auf. Neben dem sogenannten Vereinigungsmechanismus, nach dem der Richter die Vereinigungsmenge der - gegebenenfalls bewiesenen - Behauptungen der Parteien als Sachverhalt zu Grunde legt, wirkt im Zivilprozess auch das sogenannte Grossman'sche Schließen. Dieses ermöglicht es dem Richter unter bestimmten Bedingungen, aus der Nichtvorlage von Beweismitteln durch die nicht beweisbelastete Partei zutreffend auf den Sachverhalt zu schließen. Das Werk wendet die aufgefundenen Einsichten zur Illustration auf Beweisprobleme im Kontext des Dieselskandals an und lotet Implikationen für das allgemeine Beweisrecht aus.
Flüchten deutsche Unternehmen aufgrund des nationalen AGB-Rechts durch Rechtswahl in ihren Handelsverträgen in ausländische Rechtsordnungen? Sollte die deutsche AGB-Kontrolle im unternehmerischen ...Rechtsverkehr daher liberalisiert werden? In der anhaltenden Reformdebatte wird das Risiko einer Rechtsflucht besonders hervorgehoben. Wie groß ist diese Gefahr jedoch wirklich? Welchen Unternehmen würde eine liberalisierende Reform nützen und welchen schaden? Diese Fragen untersucht Antonia Sommerfeld und liefert dadurch wichtige Erkenntnisse für die gegenwärtige Reformdebatte. Sie zeigt, dass der Einfluss des AGB-Rechts als Auslöser für eine Rechtsflucht überschätzt wird und dass eine vermehrte Wahl der deutschen Rechtsordnung in Handelsverträgen nicht allein durch eine Reform des AGB-Rechts erreicht werden kann. Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Förderpreis der Esche Schümann Commichau Stiftung 2021 sowie dem Werner-von-Melle-Preis 2021 der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Stiftung ausgezeichnet.
East Asian states infrequently seek peaceful dispute resolution through binding methods of international law. What is puzzling is why states seek one particular dispute resolution method or another, ...and in the specific case of the Philippines, why the government chose to pursue arbitration against China regarding the maritime boundaries of the disputed Spratly Islands, knowing that China would not agree to participate. In this article, we theorize that the Philippine government chose to pursue arbitration against China for three strategic reasons: 1) to counterbalance China's military actions in the South China Sea, 2) because of the strong benefits to the state resulting from using arbitration, and 3) the probability of winning the case using arbitration was perceived by the Philippines as strong. To test our hypotheses, we use interviews and process tracing, through which we find evidence for our suppositions, primarily the last hypothesis.
The contract or agreement is rapidly growing at this time as the consequence logical from the development cooperation business people business. Many business cooperation carried out by businessmen in ...the form of a contract or written agreement. The purpose of this research is to know and understand the legal analysis against the risks that arise in the agreement as well as to know the form of resolving disputes outside of the courts in the perspective of positive law and Islamic law. The type of research used in this study are normative legal research which in the use of research analysis Techniques used are qualitative techniques for which information unearthed through in-depth interviews and information search through the library, either from legislation, documents relating to the writing of this thesis so that what is in question in the study answered with a maximum. Results of the study showed that a cooperation agreement with Sejahtera Corporateand Adil Makmur potentially cause conflict so that it appears in the dispute between the parties resulting from any such agreement surfaced that there are risks such as risks language, the risk of disputes. To resolve this issue then there needs to be a model of dispute resolution that is ADR in particular using arbitration institutions while the Model dispute resolution outside of court according to ACT No. 30 of 1999 are mediation, arbitration, consilition, which chosen by the parties in accordance with applicable LAW while according to customary law, the dispute could be resolved through private, family, head of the indigenous organizational institution.
This paper examines contemporary issues in Office Establishment Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Nigeria. It explores strategic ways of resolving such office establishment dispute which has remained ...an intractable problem in Nigeria. The objective is to examine litigation challenges in settlement of this office dispute in Nigeria and other developing countries. This paper argues that adopting Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Office Establishment Dispute is not only a programmatic goal to be attained in the long term but rather an immediate obligation that is preferable to litigation in the court of law. The doctrinal research methodology will be used to examine the challenges in resolving office establishment dispute through alternative dispute resolution Mechanisms. This paper adopts an analytical and qualitative approach and builds its argument on existing literature works, which are achieved by synthesising ideas. Recommendations and suggestions are made based on research findings. This paper concludes that the era of jettisoning or sacrificing Alternative Dispute Resolution on the altar of inapplicability in resolving office establishment dispute is gone and the need to move with time with the practise which has been in existence in developed countries for decades.
The current paper addresses the issue of conflict management in organizations and in particular the emerging role of alternative dispute resolution or ADR. In the content of the article we review the ...theoretical background on conflict, and then discuss the particularities of organizational conflict. We introduce the concept of ADR, which has its origins in the United States and describes a series of practices used in conflict management resolution, practices that can be used as an alternative to conventional ones. Also, through the analysis of the literature we identified differences between the conventional approach and ADR practices. The main finding in this article refers to the fact that ADR practices enable the actors taking part in the conflict to not feel restricted in terms of the direction to follow to resolve the dispute, as happens in the case of conventional linear practices.
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