U ovom radu prikazano je istraživanje korozije 15Mo3 cijevi u sustavu grijača vodene pare termoelektrane Plomin. Korozijsko oštećenje dovelo je do puknuća cijevi u sustavu te zastoja u radu. U radu ...je analiziran uzorak puknute cijevi, a potrebno je bilo odrediti vrstu korozije i uzrok korozije. Korozija se dijeli prema tri faktora: mehanizmu djelovanja, specifičnosti nastanka i obliku korozijskog napada. Opisana su elektroenergetska postrojenja s naglaskom na termoelektrane uz analizu sustava u kojem je došlo do korozijskog oštećenja cijevi parnog kotla termoelektrane. Prikazani su rezultati istraživanja korozijskih produkata na cijevi te izgled same pukotine. Provedena su istraživanja kemijskog sastava, ispitivanja tvrdoće prema Vickersu i analiza FT-IR spektroskopijom te mikroskopska istraživanja svjetlosnom i elektronskom mikroskopijom. Na ispitanom uzorku oštećene cijevi parnog kotla dokazano je da je uzrok nastalog oštećenja erozijska korozija.
Przedmiotem analiz są wybrane zagadnienia utrwalone w sylwetkach wspomnieniowych na poznawczym poziomie gatunku. Poziom ten obejmuje tematykę i sposób jej przedstawienia, czyli przyjęty punkt ...widzenia, perspektywę oraz porządek aksjologiczny. W analizach uwzględniono te treści, które odwołują się do wspólnotowych uwarunkowań życia (i śmierci) przedstawianych osób. Przedmiotem ekscerpcji uczyniono ponad 30 roczników „Wędrowca” z lat 1863–1899, a w celach porównawczych przywołano inne tytuły prasy warszawskiej. Analizy dowiodły, że sposobem zaakcentowania społecznego wymiaru śmierci było zwrócenie uwagi na liczbę uczestników pogrzebu (aspekt ilościowy) oraz zaznaczenie straty, jaką ponosiło społeczeństwo (aspekt jakościowy) ze śmiercią osoby. Analizowane teksty uwidoczniły różnice w charakteryzowaniu zmarłych kobiet i mężczyzn. Wspólne natomiast było nasycenie tekstów leksyką aksjologiczną (głównie słownictwem oceniającym i waloryzującym).
U radu se razmatra važnost fazne heuristike za razvoj javnih politika kao akademske discipline. Pod faznom heuristikom podrazumijeva se shvaćanje koje ističe da proces stvaranja politika prolazi kroz ...niz sukcesivnih faza, poput postavljanja dnevnog reda, formulacije, legitimiranja, implementacije i vrednovanja javnih politika. Rad se zasniva na razmatranju 66 knjiga objavljenih u razdoblju od 1968. do 2023., podijeljenih u dvije temeljne skupine: naslove koji daju cjeloviti prikaz faznog modela i naslove koji su bez cjelovitog prikaza tog modela. Rezultati analize knjiga koje su ušle u uzorak pokazuju da većina naslova ne slijedi obrazac fazne heuristike, premda i dalje značajan broj naslova, pogotovo kada je riječ o udžbenicima, jasno slijedi fazni narativ u prikazu stvaranja javnih politika. U radu se daje kratki prikaz razvoja fazne naracije usporedno s razvojem javnih politika kao akademske discipline, a prikazuju se i temeljne kritike takvog pristupa. U posljednjem se dijelu rada tematizira moguća uloga fazne heuristike u budućem razvoju teorijskih pristupa javnim politikama.
The paper discusses the importance of stages heuristics for the development of public policies as an academic discipline. The stages heuristic implies that the policy making process goes through a series of successive stages, such as agenda-setting, formulation, legitimation, implementation and evaluation of public policy. The paper is based on the consideration of 66 books published in the period from 1968 to 2023, divided into two basic groups: titles that provide a complete presentation of the stages model and titles that do not provide a complete presentation of that model. The results of the analysis of the books included in the sample show that the majority of titles do not follow the pattern of stages heuristic, although still a significant number of titles, especially when it comes to textbooks, clearly follow the phase narrative in the presentation of the process of public policy making. The paper gives a brief description of the development of the phase narrative in parallel with the development of public policies as an academic discipline, and also presents the fundamental criticisms of such an approach. The last part of the paper discusses the possible role of stages heuristics in the future development of theoretical approaches to the discipline of public policy.
THE MODEL OF SUBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS The development policy of the cities is analyzed and studied mainly with the help of concepts typical of geography, spatial ...economy and sociology. The article proposes to look at this issue through the prism of political science. The epistemology of the concept of political subjectivity, the theory of rational choice, the new institutionalism and system analysis will be used. Based on the conclusions from the theoretical part, the authors distinguish four criteria for the political analysis of the position of cities in Poland. They are: the criterion of resources and interests, the criterion of efficiency, the criterion of relations, and the criterion of coordination. Those criteria relate to, i.a. activities of political authorities in relation to cities, the influence they have on implementation of functions assigned to them, as well as the way in which the role of cities in the state’s political system changes. Based on the analysis of the four criteria, it is possible to determine whether cities are to a greater extent subjects or objects of activities of the central center of political power in the state. Using a schematic matrix of city development models proposed by the author, it is then possible to determine whether, in political terms, we are dealing with a subjective development of cities in Poland.
The paper covers the process of elision in fast speech of young Łódź inhabitants. In the first part of the paper characterized are basic terms used in the paper, general attitude of standardized ...Polish towards elision, as well as, in a concise way, all the categories of phonetic ellipsis. In the analytical part one can find statistical data received from the research, which are then confronted with those received by other researchers. All the processes described are also visualized by the use of oscillograms and spectrograms, as well as compared to the rules of standard Polish.
![[...] społeczeństwo nasze s...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0208-6077/small "[...] społeczeństwo nasze straciło jednego z najzacniejszych swych członków”. Poznawcze aspekty sylwetki wspomnieniowej (na podstawie tekstów z „Wędrowca”)")
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