Quinoa: Nutritional, functional, and antinutritional aspects Filho, Antonio Manoel Maradini; Pirozi, Mônica Ribeiro; Borges, João Tomaz Da Silva ...
Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,
05/2017, Letnik:
57, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We have prepared a review of the physical-chemical composition and the functional and anti-nutritional properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). It is a plant of the Chenopodiaceae family, ...originally from the Andean regions, adaptable to different types of soils and climatic conditions. Its composition has attracted the attention of scientific community for its high nutritional value, being rich in proteins, lipids, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, with an extraordinary balance of essential amino acids. It is also gluten-free, a characteristic that enables its use by celiac patients. In spite of all these attributes, quinoa is not widely used by consumers due to the high cost of imported grain and little knowledge of its benefits. More studies are required to increase knowledge about this "pseudo-cereal" to demonstrate its functional and nutritional benefits and to study its anti-nutritional effects, since it presents high commercial value and excellent nutritional quality.
Muscular adaptation to physical exercise has previously been described as a repair process following tissue damage. Recently,
evidence has been published to question this hypothesis. The purpose of ...this study was to investigate inflammatory processes
in human skeletal muscle and epimysium after acute physical exercise with large eccentric components. Three groups of subjects
( n = 19) performed 45 min treadmill running at either 4 deg ( n = 5) or 8 deg ( n = 9) downhill or 4 deg uphill ( n = 5) and one group served as control ( n = 9). One biopsy was taken from each subject 48 h post exercise. Blood samples were taken up to 7 days post exercise. Compared
to the control group, none of the markers of inflammation in muscle and epimysium samples was different in any exercised group.
Only subjects in the Downhill groups experienced delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and increased serum creatine kinase
activity (CK). The detected levels of immunohistochemical markers for T cells (CD3), granulocytes (CD11b), leukaemia inhibitory
factor (LIF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1β (HIF-1β) were greater in epimysium from exercised subjects with DOMS ratings
>3 (0â10 scale) compared to exercised subjects without DOMS but not higher than controls. Eccentric physical exercise (downhill
running) did not result in skeletal muscle inflammation 48 h post exercise, despite DOMS and increased CK. It is suggested
that exercise can induce DOMS by activating inflammatory factors present in the epimysium before exercise. Repeated physical
training may alter the content of inflammatory factors in the epimysium and thus reduce DOMS.
Abstract This article describes the composition of fingermark residue as being a complex system with numerous compounds coming from different sources and evolving over time from the initial ...composition (corresponding to the composition right after deposition) to the aged composition (corresponding to the evolution of the initial composition over time). This complex system will additionally vary due to effects of numerous influence factors grouped in five different classes: the donor characteristics, the deposition conditions, the substrate nature, the environmental conditions and the applied enhancement techniques. The initial and aged compositions as well as the influence factors are thus considered in this article to provide a qualitative and quantitative review of all compounds identified in fingermark residue up to now. The analytical techniques used to obtain these data are also enumerated. This review highlights the fact that despite the numerous analytical processes that have already been proposed and tested to elucidate fingermark composition, advanced knowledge is still missing. Thus, there is a real need to conduct future research on the composition of fingermark residue, focusing particularly on quantitative measurements, aging kinetics and effects of influence factors. The results of future research are particularly important for advances in fingermark enhancement and dating technique developments.
The effects of roasting and in vitro digestion on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of water-soluble extracts from six varieties ...of sesame were investigated in this study. Our results showed that the major phenolic compounds in raw, roasted and digested sesame were gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4 HBA), ferulic acid (FA) and quercetin (Quer). Roasting significantly increased the TPC, pinoresinol diglucoside (PD), sesamol, as well as the content of phenolic compounds (especially GA, PA, 4 HBA and Quer) in sesame, but kept or reduced the TFC, sesamin and sesamolin. After roasting, the antioxidant potency composite index (ACI) of six varieties of sesame was significantly increased by 29.8%–216.6%. Additionally, the ACI of gastric digestion was significantly higher than that of oral and intestinal digestion during the in vitro digestion of the roasted-sesame, except for the varieties of Ganzhi 9 and Ganzhi 17. This study showed that five phenolic compounds (GA, PA, 4 HBA, p-coumaric acid, Quer) and sesamol of the water-soluble extracts contributed to the antioxidant activities of the digestive products of sesame.
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•Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of six varieties of sesame were studied.•Water-soluble extract from sesame displayed strong antioxidant activity.•The major phenolic compounds in raw, roasted and digested sesame were identified.•Lignans and phenolic compounds contributed to the antioxidant activity of sesame.•In vitro digestion notably increased the total phenolic content in roasted sesame.
The
(L.) (OFI) is used as a nutritional and pharmaceutical agent in various dietary and value added products. This study underlines the possible use of native prickly pear cladode powder as a ...functional ingredient for health-promoting food production. To summarise, chemical characterization of polyphenols, minerals and soluble dietary fibre was performed; furthermore, the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of polyphenols and minerals were assessed. Eleven compounds between phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified, with piscidic acid and isorhamnetin derivatives being the most abundant.
dietary fibre was mainly constituted of mucilage and pectin, and was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose sugars. The polyphenols' bioaccessibility was very high: piscidic acid at 200%, eucomic and ferulic acids >110% and flavonoids from 89% to 100%. The prickly pear cladode powder is also a source of minerals, as cations (calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium) and anions (sulphate and chloride), with high magnesium bioaccessibilty (93%). OFI powder showed good capacity of radical scavenging measured by DPPH and ABTS methods, with 740 and 775 μmol Trolox/100 g OFI, respectively. Finally, the presented results allow the consideration of this natural product as a source of several essential nutrients, with a possible use in the food industry as a functional ingredient.
•A multi-class multi-residue analytical method for veterinary drugs was developed.•A total of 132 veterinary drugs from almost 15 classes were investigated.•A magnetic hypercrosslinked ...polystyrene-based MSPE was developed.•The methodology was applied to the trace drug analysis of milk.
A quantitative multi-class multi-residue analytical method was developed for the determination of veterinary drugs in milk by high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A total of 132 veterinary drugs investigated belonged to almost 15 classes including sulfonamides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, phenicols, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, macrocyclic lactones, quinoxaline antibiotics, benzimidazoles, anthelmintics, coccidiostats and some others. A magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure was developed using magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCP/Fe3O4) for the sample preparation prior to HPLC-MS/MS without deproteinization step. The results indicated recoveries of 85–107% for 14 sulfonamides, 85–120% for 13 β-lactams, 89–115% for 4 tetracyclines, 82–119% for 14 quinolones, 82–115% for 8 macrolides, 97–109% for 4 nitrofurans, 84–115% for 10 nitroimidazoles, 89–114% for 3 phenicols, 86–111% for 3 lincosamides, 97–102% for 2 pleuromutilins, 72–88% for 4 macrocyclic lactones, 87–104% for 4 quinoxaline antibiotics, 76–119% for 21 benzimidazoles, 79–115% for 12 anthelmintics, 81–118% for 12 coccidiostats and 75–119 % for 5 unclassified drugs, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 20%, and the LOQs ranged from 0.05 to 1 μg kg−1. This methodology was then applied to field-collected real milk samples and trace levels of some veterinary drugs were detected.
The occurrence of seven trace elements and forty three antibiotics was investigated in manure-based fertilizers from the Zhejiang province of China. These trace elements included copper, zinc, ...arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium. The targeted antibiotics included four groups: sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols. The median amounts of copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium in the analyzed samples were 160, 465, 7.9, 21.2, 0.3, 8.1 and 0.6mg·kg−1, respectively. Seventeen antibiotics were detected. Enrofloxacin was the most frequently detected compound, with a detection rate of 39.3% and concentrations ranging from 6.7μg·kg−1 to 4091μg·kg−1. Based on the referred loading rates in agricultural soil, 10% of the collected manure-based fertilizer samples might pose a high potential ecological risk due to the presence of antibiotics.
Occurrence of seven trace elements and forty three antibiotics was investigated in manure-based fertilizers in Zhejiang province of China. The trace elements included copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium; the targeted antibiotics included four groups: sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols. The medium values of copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium in the analyzed samples were 160, 465, 7.9, 21.2, 0.3, 8.1 and 0.6mg·kg−1, respectively. Seventeen antibiotics were detected. Enrofloxacin was the most frequently detected compound with the detection rate of 39.3% and the concentrations ranged from 6.7μg·kg−1 to 4091μg·kg−1. Based on the referred loading rates, 10% of the collected manure-based fertilizers might pose a high potential ecological risk after their application onto agriculture soil due to the presence of antibiotics. Display omitted
•Antibiotics and trace elements were investigated in manure-based fertilizers.•64% of manure-based fertilizers were positively detected with at least one drug.•Enrofloxacin was the most frequently detected compound with detection ratio at 39%.•10% fertilizers might pose a high potential ecological risk after application on soil.
Next-generation tissue-based biomarkers for immunotherapy will likely include the simultaneous analysis of multiple cell types and their spatial interactions, as well as distinct expression patterns ...of immunoregulatory molecules. Here, we introduce a comprehensive platform for multispectral imaging and mapping of multiple parameters in tumor tissue sections with high-fidelity single-cell resolution. Image analysis and data handling components were drawn from the field of astronomy. Using this "AstroPath" whole-slide platform and only six markers, we identified key features in pretreatment melanoma specimens that predicted response to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-based therapy, including CD163
PD-L1
myeloid cells and CD8
FoxP3
PD-1
T cells. These features were combined to stratify long-term survival after anti-PD-1 blockade. This signature was validated in an independent cohort of patients with melanoma from a different institution.
Background
The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a serious clinical challenge. There is a pressing need for improved diagnostic testing methods; biomarkers offer one ...potentially promising approach.
Questions/purposes
We evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of 16 promising synovial fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI.
Methods
Synovial fluid was collected from 95 patients meeting the inclusion criteria of this prospective diagnostic study. All patients were being evaluated for a revision hip or knee arthroplasty, including patients with systemic inflammatory disease and those already receiving antibiotic treatment. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition was used to classify 29 PJIs and 66 aseptic joints. Synovial fluid samples were tested by immunoassay for 16 biomarkers optimized for use in synovial fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to assess for diagnostic performance.
Results
Five biomarkers, including human α-defensin 1-3, neutrophil elastase 2, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and lactoferrin, correctly predicted the MSIS classification of all patients in this study, with 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PJI. An additional eight biomarkers demonstrated excellent diagnostic strength, with an area under the curve of greater than 0.9.
Conclusions
Synovial fluid biomarkers exhibit a high accuracy in diagnosing PJI, even when including patients with systemic inflammatory disease and those receiving antibiotic treatment. Considering that these biomarkers match the results of the more complex MSIS definition of PJI, we believe that synovial fluid biomarkers can be a valuable addition to the methods utilized for the diagnosis of infection.
Level of Evidence
Level II, diagnostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
•Alkaline hot water increased the yield of orange peel extract.•Orange peel extract have higher anti-inflammatory activity than their equivalent flavonoid mixtures.•Nobiletin is a good marker for ...anti-inflammatory potential of orange peel extract.•Xinhui and Sichuan nchenpi have higher bioactivities than conventional chenpi.
Dried citrus peel derived from Citrus reticulata, also called “chenpi”, possesses a complex mixture of flavonoids and has a history of traditional use to treat a variety of digestive disorders. We compared three sources of conventional chenpi from California (USA), Guangxi, Zhejiang, and two sources of “nchenpi”, which contain greater nobiletin content, from Sichuan and Xinhui (China). Xinhui orange peel extract (OPE) had highest content of polymethoxylated flavones, along with greatest capacity to scavenge 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-pcrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2′-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide, dihydrochloride (AAPH) radicals and nitric oxide (NO). OPE also had higher NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitory activity than an equivalent mixture of flavonoids (P<0.05). In conclusion, nobiletin is a good chemical marker for assessing the anti-inflammatory potential of OPE from different sources. Obtaining “nchenpi” from either Sichuan or Xinhui provided potentially superior health benefits compared to conventional chenpi sources.
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