In the historical struggle between Marxism and anarchism, Lenin played an important role. In "Anarchism and Socialism," written in 1901, Lenin denounced anarchism as a petty bourgeois ideology. Lenin ...defended this view over the next twenty years, as he fought for Bolshevik hegemony in Russia. This article argues that Lenin's struggle against anarchism was significant for several reasons. First, it clarified the fundamental differences between anarchism and Marxism. Second, Lenin contributed to the victory of Marxism over anarchism, initially, in revolutionary Russia, and after that, within the Soviet era communist movement. Third, Lenin's struggle offers original insights. For one thing, Lenin delineated the revolutionary limitations of anarchism. He identified the circumstances in which anarchism can empower or weaken the working class. Lenin also established the organisation, struggle, and leading role of the vanguard working class party as an independent distinction between Marxism and anarchism, a distinction that needs resurrecting today.
This article interrogates the performative effects of mutualist ideas in the context of market-making. Mutualism is a variety of anarchism associated with the work of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who ...argued for the centrality of market exchanges and mutual credit as a means for emancipating workers from capitalist exploitation. The discussion is informed by an ethnographic inquiry within a Local Exchange Trading System in Spain – the Moneda Social Puma – which illustrates how actors put mutualist ideas to work. This research makes three contributions: first, it frames a view of market multiplicity and plasticity that broadens the current scope of market studies beyond a managerialist focus. Second, it reveals how actors mobilise anarchist theories to shape – rather than escape – markets. Third, this work elucidates how actors negotiate and stabilise conflicting forms of valuation as mutualist ideas are implemented. In particular, we draw attention to a set of infrastructural practices and mutual credit arrangements whereby the market is cooperatively managed as a common. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of our work for extant debates concerning post-capitalist politics, markets and anarchism.
The Heritage of Taixu Bart Dessein
Asian Studies/Asian studies,
09/2020, Letnik:
8, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Much scholarly attention has been devoted to the way the Chinese intellectual world tried to formulate an answer to the challenge posed by European modernity, as well as to the way European political ...thinking (nationalism, socialism, communism, anarchism) impacted traditional Chinese political thinking. In contrast, very little attention has been devoted to the way these same political philosophies also influenced the Chinese Buddhist answer to European modernity. This article discusses the ways in which the ‘reform of Buddhism’ proposed by the famous Venerable Taixu (1889–1947) was shaped by both the political and military events that determined the history of China in the first half of the twentieth century, and by his genuine determination to modernize Buddhism.
What can esoteric knowledge and spiritual practices from the East teach us about the deep psychological roots of domination and hierarchy? In what ways have ancient Buddhist sages acted as anarchist ...exemplars and deep ecologists long before these traditions began in the West? How might these anarchistic spiritual traditions inform our approaches to work in education, expand our notions of community, help us navigate ecological collapse, and contribute to our efforts to sustain living systems and rekindle our connection to the myriad sentient inhabitants of the places we live beyond the reaches of capital and the State? This paper will examine the anti-doctrine doctrine of Zen Buddhism as a concrete and embodied system of thought and practice for seeing through the delusions of the ego and the psychological and cultural conditioning these delusions engender. What will also be acknowledged is the general lack of attention this spiritual tradition has given to the capitalistic, authoritarian, and anti-ecological systems that tap into and flow from these delusions. It will be argued that these experiential approaches to overcoming the tyranny of the ego have significant implications for loosening the grip of hierarchical thinking, capitalist hyper-consumption, centralized systems of obedience and command, and human destruction of the biosphere.
Political philosophy is dominated by a myth, the myth of the necessity of the state. The state is considered necessary for the provision of many things, but primarily for peace and security. In this ...provocative book, Gerard Casey argues that social order can be spontaneously generated, that such spontaneous order is the norm in human society and that deviations from the ordered norms can be dealt with without recourse to the coercive power of the state. Casey presents a novel perspective on political philosophy, arguing against the conventional political philosophy pieties and defending a specific political position, which he identifies as 'libertarian anarchy'. The book includes a history of the concept of anarchy, an examination of the possibility of anarchic societies and an articulation ofthe nature of law and order within such societies. Casey presents his specific form of anarchy, undergirded by a theory of human action that prioritises liberty, as a philosophically and politically viable alternative to the standard positions in political theory.
This interview discusses energy justice, the university, academic research and autonomous politics. This dialogue expresses concern with energy, but also environmental, justice scholarship and ...movements. This entails the failure to adequately connect the continuity between (neo)colonialism, capitalism and statism in theory and action, which simultaneously subordinates anti-authoritarian and autonomous politics to liberal academic frameworks (e.g. recognition, procedure, distribution). Extractive development is not adequately challenged by energy justice, meanwhile academic decolonial theory tend to ignore combative struggles and discussion in the Global South or North. Academic decolonial theory remains selective about struggles, simplifies them and/or remains detached from societies-in-movement, which results in tokenizing and ignoring the complexities of autonomous and insurrectionary struggle. Discussing a range of intense topics, this dialogue suggests the need to advance decolonial and anarchist critique of energy and environmental justice scholarship, suggesting the need to move away from justice framings and towards autonomous political conceptions.
Este artículo se propone releer la autoridad desde una perspectiva tradicionalmente antiautoritaria como la anarquista y, en concreto, desde el pensamiento de Bakunin. Para ello, se reflexiona desde ...unos textos poco estudiados del anarquista ruso y se muestra que, pese a sus críticas a la autoridad, no la quiso abolir sino repensar y transformar. La propuesta de Bakunin consistió en buscar un rostro alternativo a la autoridad hegemónica que explora desde su dimensión más cotidiana y relacional y donde aparece como una realidad cercana, espontánea, más democrática y asentada en la libertad. Después, se traslada la cuestión de la autoridad a su vertiente más práctica, donde la cuestión de la autoridad entronca con la llamada “autoridad moral” y sirve para cuestionar la clásica relación jerárquica entre la teoría y la acción. En esta reinterpretación de la autoridad encuentra Bakunin una suerte de poder que va más allá del poder y de la autoridad tradicional.
El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los argumentos filosóficos que sustentan las cuatro transformaciones políticas de México. Dicho análisis, dará cuenta de las dificultades que ha habido en ...México para consolidar los principios de libertad e igualdad. En lo que sigue, rastreo el origen de la izquierda mexicana en siglo XIX, desde autores como Ignacio Ramírez, hasta los temas que aparecen en dos Cartillas morales contrastantes, a saber, la de Alfonso Reyes y la de Fourier, traída a México por Plotino Rhodakanaty. Posteriormente, propongo un posible vínculo entre el anarquismo y la filosofía política y moral que sustenta el ideario de Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Destacaré las tensiones existentes en el ideario de la cuarta transformación, especialmente, las que existen entre la centralización gubernamental y el debilitamiento de algunas instituciones, esta última, una premisa heredada del ideario anarquista.
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