Con base en la diversidad de enfoques antropológicos (normativos, subjetivos, mixtos…) del turismo, analizamos el papel de la etnografía en cuanto herramienta metodológica y técnica de la ...antropología del turismo, y también en cuanto modo epistemológico de pensar, interpretar e intervenir en turismo. En nuestro texto presentamos los modos de usar las etnografías y algunas de sus (in)utilidades en nuestras sociedades en movimiento. Unas sociedades en las cuales el turismo ha pasado a ser una parte indispensable de las identidades sociales y culturales de muchas gentes en el mundo global. En este sentido, investigar turismo es estudiar personas, gentes, culturas, lugares y movilidades, para lo cual las etnografías del turismo están especialmente preparadas y llamadas, no solamente para interpretar y comprender sus problemas, como también para intervenir y gestionar mejor el turismo, por medio de estrategias de etnomarketing y planeamiento antropológico del turismo.
Most of the anthropology of tourism has focused either on authenticity or on the commoditization of culture. Furthermore, tourism has been looked at as a service sector and, at most, as an urban ...strategy. Few authors have investigated the organization of (in)formal labor in the tourism industry outside the wage form. I address this gap by looking at the living and dead labor that the production of cultural heritage is about. I argue that the tourism industry transforms long-labored spaces and existing collective use values into commodities. After illustrating this argument with sketches from the Ciutat de Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain), I conclude that the relation between the dead labor and the living labor that produce heritage determines people’s differential access to its commoditized outcome.
The arrival of the poet W.H. Auden and his partner C. Kallman at Forio, in Ischia island, at the end of 1940s, is considered as the beginning of the cultured, homophilic and unprejudiced period that ...persisted through the 1960s, the era when the largest island of the Campanian Archipelago became the site of a massive and pervasive mass tourism. Foreign artists and intellectuals established on the island, who were protagonists of erotic practices considered reprehensible, gave birth to a complex social phenomenon in which the locals, by elaborating an appropriate cultural background, played an ambiguous role in the relationship with the guests and the transformation of the local society.
The arrival of the poet W.H. Auden and his partner C. Kallman at Forio, in Ischia island, at the end of 1940s, is considered as the beginning of the cultured, homophilic and unprejudiced period that ...persisted through the 1960s, the era when the largest island of the Campanian Archipelago became the site of a massive and pervasive mass tourism. Foreign artists and intellectuals established on the island, who were protagonists of erotic practices considered reprehensible, gave birth to a complex social phenomenon in which the locals, by elaborating an appropriate cultural background, played an ambiguous role in the relationship with the guests and the transformation of the local society.
The arrival of the poet W.H. Auden and his partner C. Kallman at Forio, in Ischia island, at the end of 1940s, is considered as the beginning of the cultured, homophilic and unprejudiced period that ...persisted through the 1960s, the era when the largest island of the Campanian Archipelago became the site of a massive and pervasive mass tourism. Foreign artists and intellectuals established on the island, who were protagonists of erotic practices considered reprehensible, gave birth to a complex social phenomenon in which the locals, by elaborating an appropriate cultural background, played an ambiguous role in the relationship with the guests and the transformation of the local society.
This article explores social processes contributing to the reinvention of tourist destinations using ethnographic data collected at the case study site in Lashi Hai, a rural area in north-west ...Yunnan, China. Rather than reducing the reinvention process to marketing strategies or official development plans, the article shows that it may in fact reflect deeper social tendencies and is not only limited to the changing demands of visitors. Representing “local” identity, the reinvention of touristic places also becomes subject to negotiation among resident populations, contesting the values and symbolic statements applied to represent their “own” culture. It will be demonstrated that there are various important players involved in this process of reinvention, ranging from a strong central government, official development agencies and private investors to local cooperatives and finally individual residents – all with a stake in shaping and creating what is perceived as the “local” identity and culture.
En los márgenes están las oportunidades de innovación y crecimiento para la antropología social. Y el turismo fue, hace ya cuarenta años, una de esas apariciones intersticiales a los que antropólogos ...y antropólogas se enfrentaron en sus investigaciones de campo. Contribuyendo posteriormente a su constitución epistemológica, hoy se encuentra reconocido como objeto de estudio, dinámico, transversal y continuamente sugerente. Este proceso ha llevado a la implicación de la antropología en la transferencia de sus aportaciones al ámbito institucional y empresarial, además del social. El encuentro turístico, la imagen y el patrimonio cultural, son tres de los subcampos que manifiestan un importante potencial de desarrollo laboral a corto plazo. La adaptación y renovación metodológica para comprender el sistema turístico abre el futuro a la construcción de escenarios y, con ello, a la actuación predictiva sobre situaciones socioeconómicas y socioculturales.
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