Amfiteatar u Puli Krizmanić, Attilio
Prostor,
12/2017, Letnik:
25, Številka:
2(54)
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
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Prvi je cilj ovoga rada razjasniti osnovni integralni sustav prometnih putova gledatelja unutar Amfiteatra u Puli, a u tome kontekstu podjelu gledališta na sektore (maeniane), koje su smjeli ...koristiti različiti stališi gledatelja u odnosu na njihov priznati položaj u društvu. U tom okviru središnja su tema ovoga članka četiri osobita stubišna tornja sa summa cavea in ligneis, s inkorporiranim bačvastim cisternama, s dvostrukim ukrižanim drvenim stubištima i tri palube, a koji do ovoga rada nisu nikada cjelovito i razložno proučeni, a još manje prikladno grafički prezentirani u izvornome stanju u kakvom su bili kada su nastali sredinom 1. stoljeća pr.Kr.
The primary goal of this study is to analyze the basic integral system of passageways for spectators of the Amphitheatre in Pula as well as the division of the auditorium into several seating sections reserved for different classes of citizens according to their social rank. This paper focuses on four staircase towers with summa cavea in ligneis with incorporated barrel-like cisterns with double crossed wooden staircases and three decks. They have neither been systematically explored so far nor graphically represented in order to show what they might have looked like in the period of their construction (mid-1st century B.C.).
The third, online Slovenian edition of the History of Historiographic Thought combines all the original texts of the first (2006) and second (2016) editions as well as some new ones. It is an answer ...to the specific needs of the community of readers, especially teachers and students of history and related sciences. The book covers over two and a half millennia long history of the evolution of historiography since its earliest beginnings~new (and in some cases old) translations of selected chapters of the major works of Western historical thought, accompanying chapters and biographical sketches form an outline of the development of historiography in Greek and Roman antiquity (including some basic texts of non-historians), a comprehensive review of medieval authors with special emphasis on the Byzantine and Renaissance historiography, followed by a thoughtful selection of early and modern authors. The excerpts from their most influential reflections on the meanings of historiography define the historiography of the Enlightenment, confronts the national and positivist interpretations of the past, presents sources of the so-called new historiography and assesses the impact of postmodernism on the development of past ten years in historiography and the creation of a new cultural history, which inaugurated the 21st century.
This book offers a new and surprising perspective on the evolution of cities across the Roman Empire in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages (third to ninth centuries AD). It suggests that the ...tenacious persistence of leading cities across most of the Roman world is due, far more than previously thought, to the persistent inclination of kings, emperors, caliphs, bishops, and their leading subordinates to manifest the glory of their offices on an urban stage, before crowds of city dwellers. Long after the dissolution of the Roman Empire in the fifth century, these communal leaders continued to maintain and embellish monumental architectural corridors established in late antiquity, the narrow but grandiose urban itineraries, essentially processional ways, in which their parades and solemn public appearances consistently unfolded. Hendrik W. Dey's approach selectively integrates urban topography with the actors who unceasingly strove to animate it for many centuries.
This paper presents the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of a mire sequence near the village Blatuša, with a focus on changes in vegetation composition, hydrological regime and fire history of the ...Banovina/Kordun area during the last two millennia. For this purpose, pollen, non-pollen and charcoal analysis were done. By the application of CONISS statistical analysis three different pollen assemblage (sub)zones could have been distinguished: a dominance of alder-beech/oaks from the 2nd to the middle of the 7th century, followed by a prevalence of grasses-beech/oaks till the end of the 13th century. Finally, an assemblage of grasses-hornbeam/oaks populated the area from the 14th to the beginning of the 20th century. The high abundance of peat mosses (Sphagnum) from the 11th to the end of the 14th century must indicate increased precipitation and higher frequencies of rainfall during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Transition from an ombrotrophic to minerotrophic phase of mire evolution during the Little Ice Age is caused by changing in moisture level, with somewhat wetter period prevailing till the middle of the 17th century followed by drier conditions till the beginning of the 20th century. Although cereal pollen grains first appear from the layers dated to the late 14th century and the proportion of secondary anthropogenic indicators were low during the entire Middle Ages, a large number of charcoal particles suggests stronger anthropogenic activity than indicated by observed changes in vegetation composition. Still, a sharp rise of non-arboreal pollen during the Migration period most likely reflect a general natural succession process on mire surface than persuable proof of Avaric-Slavic impact on vegetation. Direct anthropogenic pressure indicated by weeds and cereal pollen can be tracked from the Late Middle Ages onwards.
U ovome radu predstavljena je paleookolišna rekonstrukcija creta u blizini sela Blatuše, s naglaskom na promjene u strukturi i sastavu vegetacije, hidrološkoga režima i povijesti požara na području Banovine/Korduna tijekom posljednja dva tisućljeća. U svrhu paleookolišne interpretacije, napravljena je analiza akumuliranoga peluda, nepeludnih palinomorfa i pougljenjenih čestica. Upotrebom CONISS statističkoga modela mogu se razlučiti tri različite (pod)zone akumulacije: vegetacija „joha-bukva/hrastovi“ dominanira razdobljem od 2. stoljeća do sredine 7. stoljeća, nakon čega slijedi dominacija vegetacije „trave-bukva/hrastovi“ do kraja 13. stoljeća, te naposlijetku vegetacije „trave-grab/hrastovi“ u razdoblju od 14. do početka 20. stoljeća. Obilje spora maha tresetara (Sphagnum) u razdoblju od 11. do kraja 14. stoljeća vjerojatno je utjecano povećanom količinom oborina i učestalijim padalinama tijekom srednjovjekovne klimatske anomalije. Prijelaz iz ombrotrofije u minerotrofiju same cretne površine, tijekom maloga ledenog doba, uzrokovan je promjenom zasićenosti supstrata vodom, s nešto vlažnijim razdobljem do sredine 17. stoljeća i djelomično sušnijim do početka 20. stoljeća. Iako se pelud žitarica ne pojavljuje do kraja 14. stoljeća i udjeli sekundarnih antropogenih indikatora su niski tijekom cijeloga razdoblja srednjeg vijeka, veliki broj pougljenjenih čestica ukazuje na jaču antropogenu aktivnost no što se to može iščitati iz promjenama u biljnome pokrovu. Ipak, snažan porast udjela peluda nedrvenastih vrsta tijekom Seobe naroda više je rezultat procesa sukcesije na površini samoga creta nego nepobitan dokaz avarsko-slavenskoga utjecaja na sastav i strukturu vegetacije. Izravni antropogeni pritisak, koji se očituje učestalom pojavom peluda korovnih vrsta i žitarica, može se pratiti tek od razdoblja kasnoga srednjeg vijeka nadalje.
How did the Victorians engage with the ancient world? Victorian Culture and Classical Antiquity is a brilliant exploration of how the ancient worlds of Greece and Rome influenced Victorian culture. ...Through Victorian art, opera, and novels, Simon Goldhill examines how sexuality and desire, the politics of culture, and the role of religion in society were considered and debated through the Victorian obsession with antiquity.
Etičkim propitivanjem 'skrbi za sebe' i 'brizi za drugog' autor se bavi pitanjem statusa žene, njezine važnosti i njezina etičkog doprinosa društvu. U prvom dijelu se, polazeći od antičkog imperativa ...'skrbi za sebe', progovara o povijesnoj podređenosti žene i položaju žene u društvu, koji jasno pokazuje kako je antički imperativ 'skrbi za sebe' za žene vrijedio u onoj mjeri u kojoj su im to muškarci dopuštali, budući da je u patrijarhalnom društvu koji su kreirali muškarci čitava društvena moć bila u njihovim rukama. Tek nastankom feminizma i emancipacijom žena u društvu, o čemu se progovara u drugom djelu rada, žena dobiva vlastiti prostor da može 'skrbiti se za sebe'. U tom se kontekstu zapravo tek tada antički imperativ 'skrbi za sebe' pokazuje kao etički imperativ za svakog čovjeka, podjednako za muškarca i ženu, odnosno žena postaje ravnopravan partner muškarcu, što joj pripada po dostojanstvu ljudske osobe - biti čovjek. U trećem dijelu rada progovara se o etičkom imperativu koji se veže za ženu i njezina prava te o njezinoj različitosti u odnosu na muškarca. Ta različitost očituje se i na etičkom području, te je jedno od temeljnih pitanja ono kakvu etiku žene zastupaju i ima li razlike između etike muškarca i žene. Veže li se ta etika uz feminističku etiku ili uz etiku utemeljenu na specifičnosti biti žena temeljni je cilj istraživanja ovog rada. U tom kontekstu možemo reći da jedna od etika koja se temelji na dostojanstvu biti žena jest 'etika brige za drugoga', o čemu se progovara u četvrtom dijelu rada. Ta 'etika brige za drugog' dosta je slična etici koja proizlazi iz 'novog feminizma' Ivana Pavla II., o čemu autor progovara u petom dijelu rada, gdje se zaključuje da bi zadaća novog feminizma bila kreiranje 'dvoglasne kulture', u kojoj žena i muškarac stoje kao jednakopravni partneri u svojoj istovjetnosti, ali i različitosti, doživljavajući jedno drugo kao dar i obogaćenje.
By ethical examination of “self-care” and “care for the other” the author deals with the issue of woman’s status, her importance and her ethical contribution to society. In the first part, starting from the ancient imperative of “self-care”, we talk about the historical subordination of woman and the position of woman in society, which clearly shows how the ancient imperative of “self-care” was valid to the extent that men allowed them, since in a patriarchal society created by men all social power was in their hands. It is only with the emergence of feminism and the emancipation of women in society, which is discussed in the second part of the paper, that woman gets her own space to be able to “care for herself”. In this context, only then the ancient imperative of “self-care” proves to be an ethical imperative for everyone, man and woman alike, that is, woman becomes an equal partner to man, which belongs to her in the dignity of a human person - to be a human being. The third part of the paper discusses the ethical imperative related to women and their rights, as well as their diversity in relation to men. This difference is also evident in the ethical field, so one of the basic questions is what kind of ethics women represent and whether there are differences between the ethics of men and women. Whether this ethic is linked to feminist ethics or to ethics based on the specifics of being a woman, is the fundamental aim of this paper’s research. In this context, we can say that one of the ethics based on the dignity of being a woman is the “ethics of caring for the other”, which is discussed in the fourth part of the paper. This “ethics of caring for the other” is rather similar to the ethics arising from the “new feminism” of John Paul II, which the author discusses in the fifth part, where he concludes that the task of new feminism would be to create a “two-voiced culture” in which woman and man stand as equal partners in their identity but also in diversity, perceiving each other as a gift and an enrichment.
U radu se izlažu okvirni podatci o ranokršćanskom razdoblju na području današnje Srbije, od razdoblja tetrarhije do kraja kasne antike. U to doba na tlu Srbije nalazilo se nekoliko kasnoantičkih ...rimskih provincija s bogatim gradovima koji su bili središta kršćanskoga života. Najvažniji grad tijekom 3. i 4. st. bio je Sirmium, središte prefekture Illyricum i od kraja 4. st. središte nadbiskupije. Izlaganje je zasnovano na povijesnim literarnim izvorima i arheološkoj građi. Iz obilja podataka izdvojeni su neki posebno zanimljivi vidovi razvoja kršćanstva na proučavanom području. Neka zbivanja, poput odvijanja progona kršćana početkom 4. st., teološke rasprave u kasnijem dijelu 4. st., uspostave nadbiskupije u gradu Iustiniana Prima u 6. st., imala su vrlo veliko značenje unutar cijeloga područja Rimskoga Carstva, te su u radu posebno naglašena. Isto tako posebno su naglašeni neki elementi arheološke ostavštine (oslikane grobnice, sahranjivanje u crkvama), koji se sagledavaju u širem kontekstu ranokršćanske arheologije.
The paper presents general data on the early Christian period on the territory of today’s Serbia, from the period of tetrarchy to the end of late antiquity. At the time on the territory of Serbia there were several late antique Roman provinces with wealthy cities that were the centers of Christian life. In the 3rd and 4th century, the most important city was Sirmium, the center of the prefecture of Illyricum, and from the end of the 4th century, the center of the archdiocese. The presentation is based on historical literary sources and archaeological materials. Some particularly interesting aspects of the development of Christianity in the study area were picked from the abundance of data. Some events, like the of persecution of Christians in the beginning of the 4th century, theological debates in the later part of the 4th century, the establishment of the archdiocese in the city of Justiniana Prima in the 6th century, had great significance within the entire area of the Roman Empire, and are especially highlighted in the paper. Some elements of archaeological heritage (painted tombs, the burying in churches) are also highlighted and are viewed in the wider context of early Christian archeology.
The work brings to light the discovery of five late Roman fragments of frescoes discovered during a protective archaeological survey on brothers Radić street in Varaždinske Toplice. Particular ...attention was paid to the work of conservation and restoration analysis of the discovered murals, as well as to the new discovery of the perserved architectural part of the partially perserved Roman walls at the location of brothers Radić street in Varaždinske Toplice. The text also gives an overview of the newly discovered movable archaeological material that was saved by the works at the specified location. A particularly valuable and interesting ancient building structure was discovered at the house number 5, 7 and 8. The conducted field research has confirmed that it represents a new preserved important segment of the Roman wall and floor structure with preserved parts that still have a Roman plaster and hypocustic system. The discovered ancient structure was very likely in antiquity an important architectural segment of the widely known ancient settlement Aquae Iasae whose original remains are located today near the aforementioned street location in a nearby city park in the center of Varaždinske Toplice. This paper presents the latest conservation, restoration and archeological data related to the historical urban fabric of the ancient period, which have been preserved under the existing recent residential-architecture of Varaždinske Toplice.
Kasna antika, prijelazno razdoblje iz antike u srednji vijek, odnosno period od 4. do 6. stoljeća, obilježena je važnim povijesnim događanjima koja su rezultirala promjenama ne samo u političkom i ...administrativnom smislu, već i u društvenim, kulturnim i religijskim aspektima. Ovaj rad bavi se utjecajem tih promjena u provinciji Dardaniji, čije je središnje područje smješteno na današnjem Kosovu. Posebna pažnja bit će posvećena širenju kršćanstva i kršćanske arhitekture, promjenama u naseljima, te premještanjima stanovništva iz nizinskih naselja na gradine. U radu se donose i karakteristike arhitekture i uloga fortifikacija u kasnoj antici.
U radu se obrađuju metalni nalazi s arheološkog istraživanja na lokalitetu Banjače u Dugopolju vođenog 2005. godine, koja su proveli djelatnici Odsjeka za arheologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu.
...U obrađenom materijalu prevladava oruđe (srp, klinovi, strugala, noževi, čavli, zakovice), dok su u manjoj mjeri zastupljeni kućni inventar (zasun brave, igle za šivanje, okov) i osobni predmeti (fibula, okvir kopče), te se nameće zaključak da se radi o seoskom gospodarstvu, kakvih je sigurno bilo u antičko doba na području plodnog dugopoljskog polja i koja su vjerojatno bila organizirana u zaseoke (vicus). Kako je većina datiranog materijala iz razdoblja kasne antike, a raniji materijal dopušta dataciju u 4. st., nalazi iz Banjača mogu se staviti u vremenske okvire od 4. do 6. st.
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