This study offers a novel view of Conference Interpreting by looking at EU interpreters as a professional community of practice. In particular, Duflou's work focuses on the nature of the competence ...conference interpreters working for the European Parliament and the European Commission need to acquire in order to cope with their professional tasks. Making use of observation as a member of the community, in-depth interviews and institutional documents, she explores the link between the specificity of the EU setting and the knowledge and skills required. Her analysis of the learning experiences of newcomers in the professional community shows that EU interpreters' competence is to a large extent context-dependent and acquired through situated learning. In addition, it highlights the various factors which have an impact on this learning process. Using the way Dutch booth EU interpreters share the workload in the booth as a case, Duflou demonstrates the importance of mastering collaborative and embodied skills for EU interpreters. She thereby challenges the idea of interpreting competence from an individual, cognitive accomplishment and redefines it as the ability to apply the practical and setting-determined know-how required to function as a full member of the professional community.
V prispevku so objavljeni rezultati bioarheoloških (tj. antropoloških, arheozooloških in arheobotaničnih) raziskav grobišča Marof na Igu, kjer je bilo odkritih 28 grobov iz časa od druge ...polovice 1. st. do konca 3. oziroma začetka 4. st. Izsledki ponujajo vpogled v nekatere populacijske parametre in v pogrebne običaje antičnih Ižancev. Antropološka analiza je postregla z ugotovitvami o starostni in spolni strukturi pokojnikov, pa tudi o načinu sežiganja trupel. Analiza živalskih ostankov je pokazala domnevne primere obredno žrtvovanih in/ali pridanih (delov) živali, tako v smislu grobne popotnice/grobnega pridatka kot morda tudi stavbne daritve. Rezultati arheobotanične študije nedvoumnih sledi obrednih praks niso pokazali (razen morda prisotnosti ostankov fig), so pa ponudili vpogled v nabor tedanjih gojenih rastlin in v naravno rastje v okolici najdišča.
Background: A medieval mummy known as the Blessed Antonio (Patrizi) is held in the church of Saints Peter and Paul at Monticiano, Sienna, central Italy.Objectives: The aim of our investigation was to ...complete a biological profile of the subject, as well as to assess the impact of deterioration to the concerned remains.Methods: As a follow-up of our bioanthropological, macroscopic approach, two of the samples taken underwent rehydration, fixation, desiccation, paraffin-embedding, and staining according to standard histological techniques applied to mummified remains.Results: The body was determined to be that of an adult male, who showed some pathological changes such as dental calculus and what is suspected to be hallux valgus. The overall preservation of a skin sample revealed damage caused by a post-mortem infestation of insects, while a second, inner sample was identified as lung tissue, and revealed a case of anthracosis.Conclusions: The Blessed Antonio was an adult male, who had poor dental hygiene and was likely exposed to smoke during his lifetime. Damage observed on the remains indicated that a conservation treatment was desirable for the future preservation of the body.
Mesta se zaradi prenaseljenosti, onesnaževanja, hrupa ter drugih ekoloških in družbenih problemov spoprijemajo s čedalje slabšo kakovostjo urbanega življenja, kar zahteva učinkovito načrtovanje ...njihove prihodnosti. Urbane vizije kot vidik strateškega načrtovanja so lahko izhodišče za radikalno preobrazbo načina, na katerega se kraji razvijajo v mesta prihodnosti, ki uspešno rešujejo trenutne izzive. Članek, ki izhaja iz antropologije prihodnosti in načrtovanja, analizira, kako si mesta zamišljajo svojo prihodnost in kako jo upovedujejo
Straipsnyje supažindinama su esminiais anglų socialinės ir amerikiečių kultūrinės antropologijos bruožais, srovėmis ir tendencijomis. Šiuolaikinė anglų socialinė ir amerikiečių kultūrinė ...antropologija savo tyrimo objektu laiko primityvias, rašto neturinčias arba ikiindustrines visuomenes ir teigia, kad būtina betarpiškai stebėti egzistuojančias visuomenes, kadangi joks socialinis institutas negalįs būti adekvačiai suprastas, empiriškai jo neištyrus. Apžvelgiamas socialinės ir kultūrinės antropologijos tarpusavio santykis bei jų santykis su kitais visuomenės mokslais. Anglų antopologai kaip atskiras industrinę visuomenę tiriančias disciplinas išskiria etnografiją, etnologiją ir socialinę antropologiją. Jie aiškiai skiria „visuomenės“ ir „kultūros“ sąvokas. JAV antropologai socialinę struktūrą supranta tik kaip vieną kultūros aspektą. Skiriamos ir aptariamos antropologijos kryptys – difuzionizmas, funkcionalizmas, istorinė mokykla ir kultūrinis reliatyvizmas. Pastarasis yra vertybių teorija, atmetanti evoliucinį požiūrį į kultūrą, kaip etnocentrizmo (europocentrizmo) apraišką ir teigianti, kad kiekviena kultūra turi savo moralinius standartus ir vienos standartai netaikytini kitai.
Posljednjih desetljeća u brojnim crkvenim dokumentima, izjavama papa, biskupskih konferencija i pojedinih biskupa dekonstrukcija rodnih stereotipa tumači se kao destrukcija kršćanske antropologije. ...Za razliku od toga, postoje dokumenti i izjave u kojima se crkveno učiteljstvo ograđuje od biološkog determinizma te dopušta dekonstrukciju rodnih stereotipa, ali bez dovođenja u pitanje muško-ženske prirode na kojoj se temelje. U drugom dijelu članka prikazat ćemo da se (de)konstrukcija katoličke antropologije trajno događa i da ne vodi do razaranja i negiranja ljudske prirode već do shvaćanja procesa koji su utjecali na način na koji se muško-ženska priroda definirala. Na taj način se otvaraju mogućnosti za daljnji razvoj teološke antropologije u interdisciplinarnom znanstvenom pristupu. Koliko se sa stereotipnim izjavama o ženama i muškarcima slažu religiozni katolici koji pohađaju vjerske obrede analiziramo na temelju podataka prikupljenih u istraživanju provedenom u Hrvatskoj 2018. godine u sklopu projekta »Relacijski rodni odnosi u Hrvatskoj: modernizacijske i razvojne perspektive« (GENMOD).
In recent decades, the deconstruction of gender stereotypes has been interpreted as the destruction of Christian anthropology in numerous church documents, statements by popes and bishops, and episcopal conferences. In contrast, there are documents and statements in which church teachings distances itself from biological determinism and allows the deconstruction of gender stereotypes but without questioning the male-female nature on which they are based. In the second part of the article, we will show that the (de)construction of Catholic anthropology is constantly occurring and does not lead to the destruction and negation of human nature but to an understanding of the processes that influenced the way male-female nature is defined. This opens up opportunities for further development of theological anthropology with an interdisciplinary scientific approach. The extent to which religious Catholics who attend religious ceremonies agree with stereotypical statements about women and men is analysed in this article. This is based on data collected in a survey conducted in Croatia in 2018 that was part of the project »Relational Gender Identities in Croatia: Modernization and Development Perspectives« (GENMOD).
Nakon kratke prezentacije fenomena pornografije, osobito njegove uobičajene, ali zloslutne prisutnosti u sredstvima društvenoga priopćavanja, članak se usredotočuje na analizu odnosa između ...pornografije i seksualnoga nasilja. U članku se na temelju teorija o obiteljskom nasilju i osobito teorija o seksualnom nasilju propituje povezanost pornografije i seksualnoga nasilja, analiziraju se suprotna stajališta o njihovu međuodnosu te eventualni interesi koji stoje u pozadini različitih stajališta. Slijedi potom pomna analiza dokumenta Papinskoga vijeća za komunikacije naslovljenoga »Pornografija i nasilje u sredstvima komunikacije« te antropološka i etička analiza odnosa pornografije i seksualnoga nasilja. Prijetvornost i prijevarnost dvojbe sastoji se u činjenici, zaključak je članka, da pornografija i seksualno nasilje nisu samo u uzročno-posljedičnoj svezi, nego da su to dva vrlo slična fenomena, gotovo isti po svojoj naravi i sadržaju, da su posljedica istoga mentaliteta i kulture, s istim devastirajućim učincima na ljudsku osobu i njezinu spolnost.
Religija je eno najstarejših področij raziskovanja v družboslovju in humanistiki. Sociokulturna antropologija in etnologija sta prepleteni s študijem religije, mitov, magije in ritualov. Mnogi ...klasični avtorji, kot so James George Frazer, Émile Durkheim, Victor Turner in Mary Douglas, so zasnovali teorije, ki so poskušale razložiti številne razsežnosti vere in religioznosti. Ideje doajenov sociokulturne antropologije in etnologije, čeprav morda v nekaterih pogledih zastarele, še vedno ponujajo neizčrpen vir navdiha za sodobne znanstvenike, kot se odraža v nekaterih študijah v tej številki. Prejšnja številka revije Svetov/Worlds, Religija v toku 1: raziskovalne strategije, je sestavljena iz prispevkov, ki temeljijo na različnih vrstah empiričnih podatkov, etnografskih ali zgodovinskih, povezanih s srednjeevropskim kontekstom (Češka, Slovaška, Madžarska), in ilustrirajo pestrost sodobnih empiričnih raziskav religije. Kot kažejo študije v prvi številki, lahko različne metode pomagajo razkriti različne vidike vere in njene vloge v življenju ljudi. Druga številka, Religija v toku 2: teorija in metodologija, združuje članke, ki odsevajo aktualna teoretična in metodološka vprašanja v raziskovanju religije.
The study of religion is one of the oldest areas of research in the social sciences and humanities. Sociocultural anthropology and ethnology are interwoven with the study of religion, myth, magic and ritual. Many classical authors such as James George Frazer, Émile Durkheim, Victor Turner and Mary Douglas have conceived theories that have attempted to explain many dimensions of religion and religiosity. The ideas of the doyens of sociocultural anthropology and ethnology, though perhaps considered outdated in some respects, still offer an inexhaustible well of inspiration for contemporary scholars, as reflected in some of the studies in this issue. The previous issue of Svetovi / Worlds, Religion in flux 1: research strategies, was composed of papers based on various types of empirical data, ethnographic or historical, etc., related to the Central European context (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary), which illustrate the stimulating theoretical and methodological diversity in contemporary empirical research on religion. As the studies in the first issue demonstrate, different methods might help to reveal distinct aspects of religion and its role in people’s lives. The second issue, Religion in flux 2: theory and methodology, brings together a stimulating array of articles that broadly reflect the current theoretical and methodological issues in research on religion.
The monograph introduces the concept of work, which is inherent in human being as is play. This concept of work can be understood simultaneously as a powerful means of socialisation and as a ...disciplining instrument. The author problematizes the dichotomy between play and work as a construct that emerged in the specific historical and geographical context of early industrialization. She introduces the educational value attributed to work and presents how this understanding of work has historically changed through different political and socio-economic circumstances. Drawing on ethnographic studies and theorising from the fields of psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, and social anthropology, the author analyses why and how preschool children participate in everyday work at home and in kindergarten. The author draws connections between children's participation in work and children's sociality and intersubjectivity as core human capacities as social beings. Preschool children are included as research participants along with adults, and by presenting their perspectives, this volume demonstrates the complexity of social life from an early age.
PDF
