The project was designed as a prototype for housing on the perimeter of a town, but it can also butterfly, or mirror either side of an alley on squared urban sites of approximately one hectare.
This ...project is part of an ongoing effort to improve the type. Good urbanism is almost impossible to achieve without good examples of multi-family housing. This urban type deserves our attention, even if architects, contractors and trades increasingly flee this option because of litigation processes.
El proyecto fue diseñado como prototipo de edificio de viviendas en el perímetro de una ciudad, pero también puede repetirse simétricamente en la misma parcela o a ambos lados de una calle, en emplazamientos urbanos de aproximadamente una hectárea.
Este proyecto forma parte de un esfuerzo continuado por mejorar el modelo. Un buen urbanismo es casi imposible de lograr sin buenos ejemplos de vivienda plurifamiliar. Este tipo urbano merece nuestra atención, incluso si los arquitectos, los contratistas y los trabajadores de la construcción rehúyen cada vez más esta opción debido a los litigios.
Job loss is a significant income shock that can lead to declines in living standards and satisfaction. Wealth can provide a key resource in stratifying the risk and the consequences of such an event. ...In this article, I examine the extent to which wealth stratified the experience of job loss in the UK from 1991 to 2008. I distinguish between different wealth groups using information on homeownership and home value of primary residency, and then study whether these groups face different risks and/or consequences of job loss. The results show that renters were a significantly disadvantaged group compared to homeowners during the observation period. Not only did they faced a significantly higher risk of job loss, they also experienced greater declines in earnings, household income, and life satisfaction, and larger increases in income poverty in the year of job loss. Among homeowners, the risk and consequences of job loss were similar. In a country like the UK with minimal public insurance for unemployment, homeownership appears to provide a significant source of stratification for job loss.
In order to spread economically viable distributed generation systems for apartment buildings, it is essential to develop an efficient and low-cost heat supply system. We are developing a new ...cogeneration system (Neighboring CoGeneration system: NCG system). The key concept of this system is to install a heat storage unit in each house for hot water supply and room heating and to connect heat storage units by a single-loop hot water pipe. The system leads to time leveling of the total heat supply and reduction of installation cost. Furthermore, it is expected that the cogeneration can operate according to electricity demand because of the large heat capacity of accumulation of the system. In this study, a dynamic simulation model was developed to evaluate the performance of the heat supply system and the environmental load-reduction effect of the NCG system for 50 households. It showed that the NCG system can supply enough heat for peak demand in winter and decrease 23% in CO_2 emission on yearly average.
Bydlení patří mezi základní lidské potřeby, byť není normativně jako základní lidské právo vyjádřeno. To nemění nic na faktu, jak zásadní význam pro člověka má. Právní úprava vlastnictví bytů je ...českému právu známa již od šedesátých let minulého století. Prošla dramatickým vývojem od okrajového
institutu až po masovou problematiku, která se dotýká většiny vlastníků bytového fondu. Současné, ale i budoucí problémy souvisejí s pojetím tzv. kondominia (bytového spoluvlastnictví). Stať předkládá různé pohledy na zkoumaný institut. Zahrnuje historickou a dílčí komparativní studii.
Vlastnictví bytů již nebude upraveno zvláštním zákonem, nýbrž bude součástí občanského zákoníku. Předkladatelé zákona tak následují nizozemský, belgický, švýcarský, ruský nebo quebecký vzor, kdy vlastnictví bytů není upraveno zvláštním zákonem, ale je součástí obecného kodexu. Kondominiem se rozumí stav, kdy osoba (lhostejno zda fyzická, či právnická) je podílovým spoluvlastníkem pozemku a výhradním vlastníkem bytu jako reálně vymezené části domu, resp. osobou, které svědčí
dědičné věcné užívací právo ke konkrétní části pozemku (budovy) – jednotce. Dalším typickým znakem kondominia je nucené členství v právnické osobě, která je založena ke správě společné věci
Housing is a basic human need even though it is not normatively expressed as a basic human right. That doesn’t alter the fact that housing is of cardinal importance for human beings. Czech legal system regulates legal regulation on ownership of flats since the sixties of the last century. This legislation has undergone a dramatic evolution from the marginal institution, to the massive
issue that affects the majority of the owners of the housing stock. The current, but also the future problems are connected with the concept of so called condominium (housing co-ownership). The paper presents different perspectives on the researched institution. It includes historical and comparative study. The flat ownership won’t be altered by special act but it will become a part of the New Civil Code. The proposers follow the Dutch, Belgian, Swiss or rather Quebec model where the flat ownership does not alter any other special law but is a part of a general code. The term Condominium is understood as a state where no matter if private individual or legal entity is a land shareholder and exclusive owner of a flat, as a legally defined part of the building, or more precisely a person possessing a hereditary property rights to a specific part of a land – unit. Other typical sign of condominium is an obligatory membership in legal entity stared purely for managing the common property. The participation in legal entity takes as long as the existence of property right towards a common property.
Meilahden hakelämpökeskus Voutilainen, Erkki
valmistusaika: 20.09.1960, julkaisuaika: 1960 viimeistään
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sisällön kuvaus: Meilahden hakelämpökeskus. Polttoainekokeilut Meilahden sairaalassa Helsingissä alkoivat syksyllä 1960.
content description: The wood chip heating center in Meilahti, Helsinki in ...September 1960. Fuel tests started at Meilahti hospital in 1960.
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