Le Corbusier famously said, "A house is a machine for living
in." We now confront the litany of environmental challenges
associated with the legacy of the architectural machine: a changing
climate, ...massive species die-off, diminished air and water quality,
and resource scarcities. Brook Muller offers an alternative:
water-centric urban design that fosters sustainability, equity, and
architectural creativity.
Inspired by the vernacular, such as the levadas of Madeira
Island and both the arid and drenched places of the American West,
Muller articulates a "hydro-logical" philosophy in which architects
and planners begin by conceptualizing interactions between existing
waterways and the spaces they intend to develop. From these
interactions-and the new technologies and approaches enabling
them-aesthetic, spatial, and experiential opportunities follow. Not
content merely to work around sensitive ecology, Muller argues for
genuinely climate-adapted urban landscapes in which buildings act
as ecological infrastructure that actually improve watersheds while
delivering functionality and beauty for diverse communities. Rich
in images and practical examples, Blue Architecture will
change the way we think about our designed world.
Abstract
With the development of China's national economy and the improvement of science and technology, the design level of domestic architectural engineering has been continuously improved, ...especially the combination of computer-aided architectural design and BIM technology, which has been highly valued by all sectors of society. The application of BIM technology in computer aided architectural design provides an important auxiliary role for the innovation and development of the construction industry, and is another revolution in architectural design. With the popularization of Internet information technology, digital technology has become an important force to promote economic development. The birth of BIM technology provides a new impetus for the development of the construction industry. Compared with the traditional design mode, computer-aided architectural design has the advantages of more efficient, more convenient and more accurate. This paper makes a brief analysis of BIM Technology and its application advantages, expounds the application function of BIM Technology in computer-aided architectural design, aiming to improve the application level of BIM | technology and promote the effect of computer-aided architectural design.
Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of COVID-19 transmissions and their relationships with the built environment is crucial for effective pandemic prevention. While existing research has primarily ...focused on the locations inhabited or visited by COVID-19 cases, limited attention has been given to the spatiotemporal pattern of transmission locations and their associations with architectural design forms. This study addresses this research gap by examining the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of COVID-19 transmission locations and their associations with residential building forms in high density context of Hong Kong during the fifth wave of the outbreak. Employing information on n = 319 residential buildings with a restriction-testing declaration, we report that attributes of building blocks, especially design forms, and housing type were associated with transmission rates. Our findings revealed that public housing were more vulnerable to COVID-19 pandemic relative to private housing block. Relative to the L-shaped building form, Y- and X-shaped building forms had the lowest COVID-19 prevalence, adjusting for other factors. The study results provide valuable insights for urban designers, health authorities and policymakers regarding keys attributes of building forms and types that influence the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, exemplifying the role architectural design has on pandemic prevention. Evidence generated from this study can be tested in other high density contexts as we prepare to risk-proof our cities from future pandemics.
•Investigating the association between the built environment of residential buildings and building-level Covid-19 prevalence.•Assessment of the susceptibility of architectural design features to the transmission of COVID-19.•Identifying socioeconomically vulnerable people that are more subjected to COVID-19 transmission.
The advent of genome editing has transformed the therapeutic landscape for several debilitating diseases, and the clinical outlook for gene therapeutics has never been more promising. The therapeutic ...potential of nucleic acids has been limited by a reliance on engineered viral vectors for delivery. Chemically defined polymers can remediate technological, regulatory, and clinical challenges associated with viral modes of gene delivery. Because of their scalability, versatility, and exquisite tunability, polymers are ideal biomaterial platforms for delivering nucleic acid payloads efficiently while minimizing immune response and cellular toxicity. While polymeric gene delivery has progressed significantly in the past four decades, clinical translation of polymeric vehicles faces several formidable challenges. The aim of our Account is to illustrate diverse concepts in designing polymeric vectors towards meeting therapeutic goals of in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy. Here, we highlight several classes of polymers employed in gene delivery and summarize the recent work on understanding the contributions of chemical and architectural design parameters. We touch upon characterization methods used to visualize and understand events transpiring at the interfaces between polymer, nucleic acids, and the physiological environment. We conclude that interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies motivated by fundamental questions are key to designing high-performing polymeric vehicles for gene therapy.
The chiral oxazoline motif is present in many ligands that have been extensively applied in a series of important metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. This Review aims to provide a ...comprehensive overview of the most significant applications of oxazoline-containing ligands reported in the literature starting from 2009 until the end of 2018. The ligands are classified not by the reaction to which their metal complexes have been applied but by the nature of the denticity, chirality, and donor atoms involved. As a result, the continued development of ligand architectural design from mono(oxazolines), to bis(oxazolines), to tris(oxazolines) and tetra(oxazolines) and variations thereof can be more easily monitored by the reader. In addition, the key transition states of selected asymmetric transformations will be given to illustrate the features that give rise to high levels of asymmetric induction. As a further aid to the reader, we summarize the majority of schemes with representative examples that highlight the variation in % yields and % ees for carefully selected substrates. This Review should be of particular interest to the experts in the field but also serve as a useful starting point to new researchers in this area. It is hoped that this Review will stimulate both the development/design of new ligands and their applications in novel metal-catalyzed asymmetric transformations.
Mechanical metamaterials are a class of functional materials with designability and extraordinary mechanical properties. Due to the manufacturing limitation of traditional technology, most of the ...current research on mechanical metamaterials is limited to theoretical and simulation analysis. In recent years, the rapid development of 3D printing technology has provided an important means for the manufacturing of mechanical metamaterials with complex structures. In addition, the further combination with the 4D printing of smart materials is providing a boost to the development of smart programmable mechanical metamaterials. Here, we outline the recent advances in 3D/4D printing of mechanical metamaterials. First, 3D printing techniques for single-material, multi-material, and composite materials applicable to mechanical metamaterial manufacturing are discussed. Then, the structures and designs of several common mechanical metamaterials in 3D printing are summarized, including the 4D printing of smart programmable mechanical materials, and the applications of 3D/4D printing of mechanical metamaterials are presented. Finally, the future research prospects and challenges of 3D/4D printed mechanical metamaterials are foreseen.
Advances in fabrication technologies are enabling the production of architected materials with unprecedented properties. Most such materials are characterized by a fixed geometry, but in the design ...of some materials it is possible to incorporate internal mechanisms capable of reconfiguring their spatial architecture, and in this way to enable tunable functionality. Inspired by the structural diversity and foldability of the prismatic geometries that can be constructed using the snapology origami technique, here we introduce a robust design strategy based on space-filling tessellations of polyhedra to create three-dimensional reconfigurable materials comprising a periodic assembly of rigid plates and elastic hinges. Guided by numerical analysis and physical prototypes, we systematically explore the mobility of the designed structures and identify a wide range of qualitatively different deformations and internal rearrangements. Given that the underlying principles are scale-independent, our strategy can be applied to the design of the next generation of reconfigurable structures and materials, ranging from metre-scale transformable architectures to nanometre-scale tunable photonic systems.
The Politics of Parametricism Matthew Poole, Manuel Shvartzberg / Matthew Poole, Manuel Shvartzberg
2015, 2015-10-22
eBook
Over the last decade, ‘parametricism’ has been heralded as a new avant-garde in the industries of architecture, urban design, and industrial design, regarded by many as the next grand style in the ...history of architecture, heir to postmodernism and deconstruction. From buildings to cities, the built environment is increasingly addressed, designed and constructed using digital software based on parametric scripting platforms which claim to be able to process complex physical and social modelling alike. As more and more digital tools are developed into an apparently infinite repertoire of socio-technical functions, critical questions concerning these cultural and technological shifts are often eclipsed by the seductive aesthetic and the alluring futuristic imaginary that parametric design tools and their architectural products and discourses represent. The Politics of Parametricism addresses these issues, offering a collection of new essays written by leading international thinkers in the fields of digital design, architecture, theory and technology. Exploring the social, political, ethical and philosophical issues at stake in the history, practice and processes of parametric architecture and urbanism, each chapter provides different vantage points to interrogate the challenges and opportunities presented by this latest mode of technological production.
PDF
