The paper presents an analysis of Ekaterinburg’s historical cultural landscape and appearance in the early 20th century. Numerous publications are available on the history of Ekaterinburg, including ...the city’s architecture at various stages of its emergence and development. However, the evolution of the historical cultural environment of Ekaterinburg has not been adequately covered in the scholarly literature. In the meantime, this issue is of interest for both professionals and broader public interested in the city’s history. The historical cultural landscape of the city featured specific and uniqueness and had a lasting impact on subsequent development of Sverdlovsk during the first decades of the Soviet era.
The article considers a new approach to student work on a semester assignment in the discipline "Drawing and Painting" at the Faculty of Architecture at St. Petersburg State University of ...Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU). A review of student works revealed that students often lack spatial vision and the ability to identify valuable elements of the architectural and urban environment. We therefore suggest adding a new mandatory item, "object research", to the common algorithm of assignment completion, by analogy with the research phase in architectural design. The new algorithm has been described and tested on students when doing an assignment under the theme "Urban Landscape". Student works performed by the new and previous approach have been compared. The description of the algorithm outlines the specifics of working on an architectural drawing as a phase that precedes and lays the foundation for professional design activities. By way of piloting the results of this study, the new algorithm for working on semester assignments has been introduced into the course program for practical training of architects or restorers at the Department of Drawing of SPbGASU.
The article presents the redefinition of the continuity and visibility of the elements of building identity in recent buildings, in the context of the architectural regions and landscapes defined by ...Prof. Peter Fister in the 1990s. The mass of »self-build« interventions in the 1980s led to a break in the continuity of the transfer of traditional elements of the built heritage to new buildings - both at the level of the individual building and at the level of the settlement. The article describes the process of discovering and, with the help of modern software tools, evaluating those examples of recent construction where, despite the influence of various trends, it was possible to identify the preservation of traditional building identity elements. The research at the settlement and single building level was carried out in the area of Prebold in the Savinjsko-kozjanska architectural region, while the study of individual buildings included examples of good practice from the whole territory of Slovenia. At the same time, Fister’s »inventory cards« were upgraded in terms of content, which now more systematically define the position of the building within the settlement and its volumetric and planar visual elements, which are the carriers of identity.
For many centuries, the settlements had a fairly uniform image, which was the result of the use of local materials, technology and the economic condition of the population. With the development of ...the construction profession and the improvement of material conditions, building materials and construction technology also began to change, the market supply has diversified, which led to changes in the appearance of buildings. The roof, also known as the fifth facade, affects to the external image of the settlement. According to Fister et al., the design of roofs and their colour (roofing) are among the most recognizable components of architecture as criteria for the identity of architectural landscapes. The roof changes were the most drastic in the last 150 years. As the covering changed, so did the colour. The development of roofs in Slovenia with an emphasis on the key influencers of the development is presented in the paper. We limited ourselves to individual houses as carriers of the landscape's architectural identity. We compared the colour of the roofs on a sample of over 700 houses in the architectural region Savinjsko-Kozjansko, which data were obtained as part of the research project V5-2111: Architectural typologies and architectural landscapes and regions of Slovenia. We compared the obtained data with the requirements of spatial plans of municipalities and the characteristics described by Fister et al. The results showed the differences between the situation 30 years ago, the requirements of spatial acts and the current situation. Although the research involved a small sample, we can conclude that the situation is similar in most Slovenian places. The obtained results enable a broader view of this problem and open the possibility of appropriate action. Settlements that are recognized for their high-quality settlement architecture are shown as examples of excellent practice.
Building footprint information is crucial for comprehending global urban development processes. Deep learning algorithms have shown significant potential in building extraction from high spatial ...resolution imagery. However, the requirement for large-scale annotated data has been a limitation for applying deep learning methods to city-level or national-level building mapping. The dynamic change and distinct landscape variation of cities in different geographic locations further emphasizes the need for automatic building footprint extraction. In this paper, we propose a Self-supervised Knowledge Transfer (SKTrans) framework for extracting building footprints from unlabeled remote sensing images over large areas. To address building tone differences cross regions and time periods, a tone shift mechanism is introduced to reduce the contrast, brightness, and saturation differences between buildings. Furthermore, considering building style diversity across different cities, a knowledge integration module is proposed to develop a comprehensive depiction including tonal differences, multi-scale variance, structural attributes and semantic confusion between roads and buildings. The effectiveness of SKTrans is demonstrated on three public datasets of WHU, Massachusetts, and Inria. To further evaluate the feasibility of large-scale mapping for automatic building footprint, global generalization experiments cross regions and time periods, which is based on imagery from five countries of different continents were implemented. The comprehensive results demonstrate that SKTrans surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods, supporting the time-series city-level building mapping without labeled dataset. Additionally, the architectural landscape pattern changes can be quantitatively analyzed based on the generalization results to facilitate sustainable urban development. Overall, SKTrans provides a new insight to meet the needs of high-precision label-free building mapping and update from large-scale multi-style remote sensing images.
As an important carrier of science education, ecological landscape development and regional ecological civilization construction, the quality of geological landscape resources has a direct impact on ...its landscape charm, and the protection of landscape resources is directly related to its sustainable development ability and regional ecological civilization construction. To avoid or reduce the negative impact of architecture on the environment, the development of architectural landscape based on the perspective of geology and ecology is the top priority of healthy and sustainable development. In this paper, the visual sensitivity of the landscape was assessed by GIS (Geographic Information System, GIS) software technology, by calculating and analyzing the relative slope of the terrain, and visualizing the results through visual sensitivity classification. Based on summarizing and analyzing the previous research results, this paper expounds the geological landscape system and resource system, and introduces the architectural landscape features of environmental landscape protection. Combined with the geological environment planning architectural landscape, the concept of architectural planning and landscape design is integrated, the architectural landscape based on geological environment protection is constructed, and the spatial organization and layout of buildings in the environmental landscape is planned. Finally, landscape visual sensitivity was evaluated based on GIS. The research results show that the architectural landscape and geological environment protected by geological environment landscape can be organically combined, and the landscape has strong visual attraction. The research results of this paper solve the conflict between architecture and geological ecology and provide scientific basis for environmental landscape protection of geological ecology. The composite score of visual sensitivity was obtained by GIS calculation. The most visually sensitive place ranked 25th, while the most visually sensitive place ranked 13th.
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