Highlights • Test–retest reliability of AUDADIS-5 DSM-5 substance use and psychiatric disorder diagnoses was examined in a general population sample. • Reliability of substance use disorder and ...selected psychiatric disorder diagnoses and criteria scales ranged from fair to excellent. • The reliability of AUDADIS-5 DSM-5 diagnoses and criteria scales underscores the utility of this instrument in general population samples.
Highlights • AUDADIS-5 DSM-5 substance diagnoses were compared to PRISM-5 clinician re-evaluations. • AUDADIS-5/PRISM-5 concordance on DSM-5 SUD diagnoses ranged from fair to good. • ...AUDADIS-5/PRISM-5 concordance on SUD dimensional scales was generally excellent. • AUDADIS-5 SUD diagnoses and dimensional measures are useful measurement tools.
Highlights • Procedural validity of DSM-5 AUDADIS-5 mood and anxiety diagnoses was examined. • Sample: current regular substance abusers and others in the general population. • Validation procedure: ...blinded clinician-administered PRISM-5 interviews. • AUDADIS-5 validity: fair-substantial in substance abusers and others. • AUDADIS-5 measures are useful in regular substance abusers and others.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is often associated with a vast list of gait-associated disabilities, for which there is still a limited pharmacological/surgical treatment efficacy. Therefore, alternative ...approaches have emerged as vibrotactile biofeedback systems (VBS). This review aims to focus on the technologies supporting VBS and identify their effects on improving gait-associated disabilities by verifying how VBS were applied and validated with end-users. It is expected to furnish guidance to researchers looking to enhance the effectiveness of future vibrotactile cueing systems. The use of vibrotactile cues has proved to be relevant and attractive, as positive results have been obtained in patients’ gait performance, suitability in any environment, and easy adherence. There seems to be a preference in developing VBS to mitigate freezing of gait, to improve balance, to overcome the risk of fall, and a prevalent use to apply miniaturized wearable actuators and sensors. Most studies implemented a biofeedback loop able to provide rescue strategies during or after the detection of a gait-associated disability. However, there is a need of more clinical evidence and inclusion of experimental sessions to evaluate if the biofeedback was effectively integrated into the patients’ motor system.
Graphical Abstract
Background
Alcohol withdrawal (AW) is an important clinical and diagnostic feature of alcohol dependence. AW has been found to predict a worsened course of illness in clinical samples, but in some ...community studies, AW endorsement rates are strikingly high, suggesting false‐positive symptom assignments. Little research has examined the validity of the DSM‐5 algorithm for AW, which requires either the presence of at least 2 of 8 subcriteria (i.e., autonomic hyperactivity, tremulousness, insomnia, nausea, hallucinations, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, and grand mal seizures), or, the use of alcohol to avoid or relieve these symptoms.
Methods
We used item and algorithm analyses of data from waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (current drinkers, n = 26,946 at wave 1) to study the validity of DSM‐5 AW as operationalized by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule‐DSM‐IV (AUDADIS‐IV).
Results
A substantial proportion of individuals given the AW symptom reported only modest to moderate levels of alcohol use and alcohol problems. Alternative AW algorithms were superior to DSM‐5 in terms of levels of alcohol use and alcohol problem severity among those with AW, group difference effect sizes, and predictive validity at a 3‐year follow‐up. The superior alternative algorithms included those that excluded the nausea subcriterion; required withdrawal‐related distress or impairment; increased the AW subcriteria threshold from 2 to 3 items; and required tremulousness for AW symptom assignment.
Conclusions
The results indicate that the DSM‐5 definition of AW, as assessed by the AUDADIS‐IV, has low specificity. This shortcoming can be addressed by making the algorithm for symptom assignment more stringent.
We used NESARC data to study the concurrent and predictive validity of the DSM‐5 symptom of Alcohol Withdrawal (AW) among adult drinkers. Many of those given AW reported only modest levels of alcohol use, and it appears that reports of hangover were commonly conflated with DSM‐5 AW. The validity and especially the specificity of AW is greatly increased by making the algorithm for the symptom more stringent, such as by removing the AW subcriterion of nausea, or, requiring AW‐related impairment.
Background
The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule‐IV (AUDADIS‐IV) and AUDADIS‐5 are diagnostic interviews used in major epidemiological and other studies of alcohol ...use disorder (AUD). Much of what we know regarding the prevalence of AUD in the United States is based upon this interview. However, past research and meta‐analytic evidence suggest that differential operationalization of the AUD criteria across instruments can lead to differential endorsement of symptoms and resulting AUD diagnosis rates. In particular, studies employing the AUDADIS are observed to have markedly higher endorsement rates of withdrawal than other large epidemiological studies. One explanation for this is that when assessing withdrawal, the AUDADIS combines effects from the morning after drinking with those from the days following, thereby conflating hangover and withdrawal.
Methods
This study addresses whether this operationalization confounds rates of endorsement when compared to simpler, less ambiguous hangover or withdrawal stems. To this aim, 497 college student drinkers were randomized into 1 of 3 stem conditions: (i) hangover (n = 164), (ii) withdrawal (n = 167), or (iii) combined AUDADIS‐IV (n = 166).
Results
Across conditions, participants were more likely to report the occurrence of each withdrawal symptom in the combined stem condition than in the explicit withdrawal stem condition, but not in the explicit hangover stem condition. Within the combined stem condition, probed symptoms were more likely to be reported as a result of a hangover.
Conclusions
The AUDADIS potentially results in false positives for withdrawal, arguably a pathognomonic symptom of alcoholism and, in turn, likely affects rates of the diagnosis of AUD.
Studies using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS) are consistently observed to have higher endorsement rates of alcohol withdrawal when compared to studies using other diagnostic instruments. This inflation appears to relate to the instrument's confounding of effects from the morning after drinking (hangover) with those from the days following (withdrawal). Results indicated that endorsement of AUDADIS withdrawal symptoms is more likely driven by hangover experiences than withdrawal in the days following quitting or cutting down.
Epidemiological studies help to establish the health status in a country and allow a better allocation of economic resources. This survey estimated pain prevalence in Catalonia (Spain), analysed its ...relationship with demographic variables and evaluated pain-associated disabilities. The study was carried out in 1964 adults via phone interviews asking about any pain complaint they experienced in the last 6 months, regardless of its intensity and duration. Overall pain prevalence was 78.6%, significantly lower in men, with a trend to decrease with age. Back (50.9%), head (42%) and legs (36.8%) were the most affected locations. Less educated people reported, in general, higher prevalences. Pain described to be most annoying was related to musculoskeletal disease (26.2%) and migraines (16.5%). Pain was either very severe or unbearable in 33% of the sample, with women and older people reporting higher intensities. Personal and social activities were affected in 25.4% of cases and in 10.4% they became virtually impossible. Both the limitation of activity and the need for bed rest, which occurred in 19.6% of those who suffered pain, were more common amongst unemployed people, whereas 10.2% of workers had to take days off work due to pain, and 3.3% were fully incapacitated by it. In conclusion, the prevalence of pain was clearly higher among women, with an inverse relationship to age. Back pain and headaches were most prevalent and pain was rated as very severe to unbearable in one third of the patients. Pain-associated disabilities were a frequent finding. The present survey reports that pain is a substantial problem in the Catalonian population and generally reflects the characteristics of data previously reported in Anglo-saxon and Scandinavian countries.
Background In the planning of services and health care for individuals with intellectual disability (ID), information is needed on the special requirements for habilitation and medical service and ...associated disabilities.
Material and methods An unselected consecutive series of 82 adult persons with ID was studied. The medical examination consisted of the individual's health condition, associated impairments and disabilities. Medical and habilitation services and support were studied.
Results The results indicated that 71% of the persons in the series had severe and 29% mild ID. Forty‐seven per cent of the persons with severe ID and 35% of those with mild ID had one or more additional central nervous system (CNS) disabilities. Of the persons with ID, 99% had access to a family doctor and 84% attended regular health visits. Notably, half of persons were referred to a specialist examination as a consequence of their present medical examination. Half of the persons with mental health problems were previously undiagnosed and only a few of these had access to a psychiatrist.
Conclusion Our study clearly demonstrates the magnitude and importance of neurological and psychiatric impairments in ID. The findings suggest a strong need for multidisciplinary health service.
Biogerontology research in Israel Globerson, A
Experimental gerontology,
2001, 2001-Jan, 2001-1-00, 20010101, Letnik:
36, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The article describes the special features of gerontology research that has been expanding for five decades in Israel, and outlines the research in the biology of aging, covering a wide spectrum of ...areas and topics. A variety of associations, institutes and centers that have been established over the years play an important role in furthering the research and academic training.
Objetivo: El dolor de espalda es un motivo frecuente de asistencia sanitaria en los países occidentales. El presente estudio se dirigió a establecer la prevalencia del dolor de espalda en la ...población adulta de Cataluña, así como sus características, su vinculación a las variables sociodemográficas, la conducta terapéutica seguida y las consecuencias para quienes lo sufren. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado en 1994 a partir de una muestra de 1.964 personas, representativa de la población mayor de 18 años y obtenida a partir del censo de 1991. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante una entrevista telefónica. Se determinó la prevalencia de dolor en general durante los últimos 6 meses. En aquellos entrevistados que refirieron haber sufrido dolor de espalda, se analizaron sus características, se investigó su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, y se determinaron las conductas terapéuticas empleadas para aliviarlo y las consecuencias personales, sociales y laborales. Resultados: El dolor de espalda presentó una elevada prevalencia (50,9%), apareció en todas las edades (media DE, 47,6 17 años), predominó en mujeres (60,7%), en trabajadores manuales (54,9%) y en personas con menos años de escolarización (71,1%). Era de larga evolución (el 69,2%, más de 3 años), frecuente (el 49,7%, más de la mitad de días), de duración variable (el 27,3%, más de 1 semana) e intensidad elevada (el 51,4%, intenso-insoportable). Las opciones terapéuticas más empleadas fueron la consulta médica (71,9%), terapias no convencionales (24,7%), fisioterapia (el 22,7%, sobre todo ejercicios físicos y electroterapia) y automedicación (14,6%). En general, la duración y el grado de alivio obtenido con los diversos tratamientos fue variable. El dolor de espalda limitó la actividad habitual (36,7%), obligó a guardar cama (22,7%), generó baja laboral (17%) y fue motivo de invalidez profesional (6,5%). Conclusiones: El dolor de espalda constituye una situación clínica de elevada frecuencia en la población catalana y un motivo muy importante de utilización de atención médica y de limitación de la actividad personal y profesional.Background: Back pain is a common symptom of health assistance in Western countries. The goal of the present survey was to establish the prevalence of back pain in the general population in Catalonia, as well as to establish its characteristics, its relationship to sociodemographic variables, the therapeutic behavior followed by those affected and the associated-impairment and disabilities for the sufferers. Methods: The survey was a descriptive study including a sample of 1,964 people, obtained from the census (1991) and representative of the population older than 18 years. The study was done in 1994 and data were obtained by means of a telephone interview. The prevalence of pain in the last six months was determined. Among those suffering back pain, additional information was obtained concerning its characteristics, the relationship with socio-demographic variables, the therapeutic behaviors used by patients, and the personal, social and work impairment and disabilities. Results: Back pain was highly prevalent (50.9%), appeared in all ages (mean age of 47.6 years), was the highest in women (60.7%), in manual workers (54.9%) and in those less educated (71.1%). Back pain was long lasting (69.2% more than 3 years), frequent (49.7% more than the half of the days), and highly painful (severe-unbearable in 51.4%). The therapeutic behaviors most commonly used were the visit to the physician (71.9%), the use of alternative medical treatments (24.7%), physical therapy (22.7%, physical exercises and electrotherapy) and self-medication (14.6%, being acetylsalicylic acid the most employed). In general, the duration and degree of improvement was variable. Back pain limited the daily activities (36.7%) and forced to bed rest (22.7%). It was also a significant reason for time off work (17%) and disability pension (6.5%). Conclusions: Back pain has a very high prevalence in the Catalonian population and is an important reason to seek medical attention. It greatly limits the daily personal and professional activities.
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