The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test) Williams, Jo; Scott, Fiona; Stott, Carol ...
Autism : the international journal of research and practice,
02/2005, Letnik:
9, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST) is a parental questionnaire to screen for autism spectrum conditions. In this validation study, the CAST was distributed to 1925 children aged 5-11 in ...mainstream Cambridgeshire schools. A sample of participants received a full diagnostic assessment, conducted blind to screen status. The sensitivity of the CAST, at a designated cut-point of 15, was 100 percent, the specificity was 97 percent and the positive predictive value was 50 percent, using the group’s consensus diagnosis as the gold standard. The accuracy indices varied with the case definition used. The sensitivity of the accuracy statistics to case definition and to missing data was explored. The CAST is useful as a screening test for autism spectrum conditions in epidemiological research. There is not currently enough evidence to recommend the use of the CAST as a screening test within a public health screening programme in the general population.
The twice exceptional are students who have both high ability and a disability or disorder. The ability can be in any culturally-valued domain, including high intelligence, academics, the visual or ...performing arts, and athletics. The co-existing disability can be physical, medical, or psychological. There is a growing literature of scholarly opinion about twice exceptionality; however, there are few well-designed empirical investigations of gifted students with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, conduct problems, or medical, physical or sensory disabilities. This article examines a few key issues about the twice exceptional student and then discusses what we know about the gifted students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and gifted students with learning disabilities. The article also provides a brief discussion on suicide and the gifted student.
The publication gives an idea of the applied research conducted at the same University (mentioned in a previous article) and at the same Faculty, under the same educational project Ed. S. Field ...Project for young specialists, led by the same specialist. It relates to the content of the first dissertation presented in this issue of the magazine and expands the information about the tools of the effective pedagogic-psychological accompaniment and formation of social competencies in young adults with autism spectrum disorders
Публикация тезисного характера (в формате реферата диссертации) дает представление о прикладном исследовании, выполненном в том же университете и на том же факультете, в рамках того же образовательного проекта Ed.S. Field Project для молодых специалистов, под руководством того же специалиста. По контенту она соотносится с первой диссертацией, представленной в этом номере журнала и расширяет информацию об инструментах эффективного психолого-педагогического сопровождения и формирования социальных компетенций у молодых взрослых с аутистическими расстройствами
Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are developmental disorders with impairments in three broad domains: social interaction, communication and stereotypic movements and repetitive behavior. Their ...symptoms are complex, bizarre and most of them persistent, causing maladaptive and poor psychosocial adjustment. Early detection and diagnosis is a priority in ASD, parents are the first to notice early autism symptoms: 50% observe signs in the first 12 months of age. Despite initial observations of atypical development, there are significant delays in seeking proper medical attention and correct diagnosis; less than 38% of families receive their diagnosis through health services. Educational and health primary care providers need training in developmental milestones with focus on language and socio-communicative domains. Health policy planners should facilitate rationale referral when key symptoms such as language alterations are detected. The use of valid instruments and surveillance approaches versus awareness through red flag symptoms is discussed. Psychosocial interventions are the most important treatment, with ABA and TEACHH techniques recommended; pharmacological treatment (atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, drugs for hyperactivity, sleep problems and anxiety) must be directed to treat comorbid conditions and combined with behavioral interventions.
Context: University-based pre-service educational programs do not adequately prepare the teachers to have sufficient knowledge and skill for identifying a wide variety of symptoms related to mental ...health disorders among children. Aims: To assess the effect of educational module on knowledge of primary school teachers regarding early symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders. Settings and Design: A pre experimental study on a sample of 35 primary school teachers was done in selected schools of Delhi. Materials and Methods: Self-instructional module on early symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders (SIM on ESCD) was developed. Data was collected by using standardized tools including the structured questionnaire for ′Demographic and selected variables′ and pre-test knowledge questionnaire. The subjects were exposed to SIM on ESCD for a period of 15 days. Knowledge regarding early symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders was assessed twice, first one being before exposure to module and the next one on 16 th day of exposure to module. Statistical Analysis: Data were analyzed using statistical package STATA 9.0 version. Results: Primary school teachers who have been teaching in government schools had high pre-test knowledge score than that in private sector. There was significant difference in mean knowledge score of primary school teachers before (9.71) and after (15.60) the administration of SIM on ESCD. Younger teachers and those who had less years of teaching experience had more knowledge gain score than those who were older and had more teaching experience. Conclusions: In the absence of adequate pre-service and in-service education of primary school teachers on early symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders, SIM on ESCD is a highly effective and viable method for improving primary school teachers′ knowledge on early symptoms of childhood psychiatric disorders.
This book examines the concerns about inappropriate social behavior sometimes exhibited by individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and offers tips and strategies for alleviating problem ...situations.
Autismus und autistische Störungen Kumbier, E.; Domes, G.; Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. ...
Nervenarzt,
2010/1, Letnik:
81, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Zusammenfassung
Der Begriff Autismus hat sich seit seiner Entstehung stetig gewandelt. Im historischen Rückblick zeigt sich, dass er zunächst sowohl in der Erwachsenen- als auch der Kinderpsychiatrie ...als schizophrenes Symptom aufgefasst wurde. Im Laufe der Zeit vollzog sich ein Wandel, sodass Autismus als Störungsbild innerhalb der Kinderpsychiatrie eine eigenständige Entwicklung nahm. Dank Leo Kanner und Hans Asperger erhielt es seine heutige Bedeutung. Aktuell wird Autismus im Zusammenhang mit den autistischen Störungen zu den tiefgreifenden Entwicklungsstörungen gezählt und findet aufgrund der hohen Stabilität im Verlauf auch wieder verstärkt in der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie Beachtung. Zum besseren Verständnis dieser Entwicklung wird der Weg von der Entstehung einschließlich der Rezeption durch Kanner und Asperger nachgezeichnet. Auf der Suche nach zentralen Merkmalen finden sich beim Autismus Einschränkungen in der sozialen Kommunikation und Interaktion, die durch zugrunde liegende Defizite der sozialen Kognition erklärt werden. Diese Einschränkungen in der sozialen Kognition können als das zentrale Charakteristikum von Autismus verstanden werden, das sich seit Beginn der Beschreibung dieses Phänomens als Konstante findet. So wird auch der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Beitrag die experimentelle psychopathologische Forschung für ein vertieftes Verständnis des Krankheitsbildes leisten kann.
Objective: The purpose of this article is to highlight important medical advances around the presentation of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity, and their implications as potential differential ...diagnoses for mood, attention and autistic disorders. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder associated with gluten consumption. An overview of the recent scientific literature relevant to psychologists is provided along with a discussion of implications for therapy. Conclusion: Psychologists can significantly contribute to the reduction of serious psycho-socio-medical problems affecting a segment of the population by ruling out celiac disease and gluten sensitivity before initiating treatment of mood, attention, and autistic disorders. While not all people suffering from these psychological disorders will improve on a gluten-free diet, the dramatic remission displayed by a subgroup of people under a gluten-free diet makes the consideration important in new treatment protocols by psychologists and health professionals.
Autismus und soziale Kognition Domes, G.; Kumbier, E.; Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. ...
Nervenarzt,
03/2008, Letnik:
79, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Zusammenfassung
Störungen des autistischen Spektrums (frühkindlicher Autismus, Asperger-Syndrom und High-functioning-Autismus) gehören zu den tiefgreifenden Entwicklungsstörungen und weisen ein ...gemeinsames Muster von erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen Interaktion auf. Dazu gehören Einschränkungen der Gesichter- und Emotionswahrnehmung und der sozialen Attribution („theory of mind“), allgemein gesprochen der „sozialen Kognition“. Einige Studien zeigen, dass sich diese Einschränkungen bereits in der frühen Kindheit zeigen, wobei als Ursache eine frühe Schädigung der neuronalen Entwicklung vermutet wird. Damit übereinstimmend konnten sowohl strukturelle als auch funktionelle Veränderungen des Gehirns bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit Autismus nachgewiesen werden.
Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen systematischen Überblick über die existierenden funktionellen Bildgebungsstudien mit experimentellen Paradigmen der sozialen Kognition bzw. Gesichterdiskriminierung, Emotionserkennung und sozialen Attribution („theory of mind“) bei Störungen des autistischen Spektrums.
This book provides practical, hands-on strategies to teach social skills to children with high-functioning autism and Asperger Syndrome. It includes a detailed description of the social deficits of ...these children as they appear in the classroom - difficulties with such things as understanding idioms, taking turns in conversation, understanding and using tone of voice and body language - and ways to address them. Instruction is included in the book to enhance the development of appropriate, measurable, and meaningful individualized education plans (IEPs) to incorporate social goals. Lesson plans are included to facilitate the ability to 'teach' these social goals. Parents will find this text an excellent training tool to help develop social education curriculums for their children, and teachers will find it particularly helpful as an easy-to-read manual containing many 'nuts and bolts' strategies to utilize in the classroom.
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