Our review addresses one of the most used, but debated, topics in Ergonomics: Situation Awareness (SA). We examine and elaborate upon key SA models. These models are divided into individual SA, team ...SA and systems SA categories. Despite, or perhaps because of, the debates surrounding SA it remains an enduring theme for research and practice in the domain of Ergonomics, now for over two decades. A contingent approach, which seeks to match different models of SA to different types of ergonomics problem, enables the differences between positions to be revealed and reconciled, and the practitioner guided towards optimum methodological solutions.
Practitioner Summary: Measuring SA in individuals, teams and systems has become a key objective in Ergonomics. One single approach to SA does not fit all problems encountered. This review shows the importance of considering all three types of models and achieving a match between them and the problem at hand.
This volume presents the results of the largest ever language attitude/motivation study, involving over 13,000 teenage language learners in Hungary surveyed in 1993, 1999 and 2004. The results are ...not confined to the European context but have wider implications concerning attitude change, motivational dynamics and language globalisation.
The wide-area situational awareness (SA) aims at an early detection of impending system instability and to alert system operator to take necessary actions. Since a critical situation may be triggered ...in a system because of various reasons, a wide-area monitoring system needs to consider several practical factors while deploying phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the grid. This study proposes a systematic framework for analysing the suitability of limited candidate PMU locations with respect to multiple applications, which, in turn, would enhance the SA of the system operator. Five factors are chosen for assessing the potential of a PMU site viz., improving state estimation, assessing voltage, angular stability, monitoring tie-line oscillations and the availability of communication infrastructure. To quantify the contribution of each application in enhancing the SA, five respective factors are proposed. These five factors are finally integrated in the proposed framework using fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution. The scope of this work, however, is not limited only to these five factors. PMU locations can be evaluated for any number of practical criteria. The proposed scheme is demonstrated on IEEE 14-bus system and Northern Regional Power Grid 246-bus Indian system. The proposed methodology enhances the SA by ranking and recognising the potential PMU locations, and placing them in a phased manner.
Although Greek and Roman authors wrote ethnographic texts describing foreign cultures, ethnography seems to disappear from Byzantine literature after the seventh century C.E.-a perplexing exception ...for a culture so strongly self-identified with the Roman empire. Yet the Byzantines, geographically located at the heart of the upheavals that led from the ancient to the modern world, had abundant and sophisticated knowledge of the cultures with which they struggled and bargained.Ethnography After Antiquityexamines both the instances and omissions of Byzantine ethnography, exploring the political and religious motivations for writing (or not writing) about other peoples. Through the ethnographies embedded in classical histories, military manuals, Constantine VII'sDe administrando imperio, and religious literature, Anthony Kaldellis shows Byzantine authors using accounts of foreign cultures as vehicles to critique their own state or to demonstrate Romano-Christian superiority over Islam. He comes to the startling conclusion that the Byzantines did not view cultural differences through a purely theological prism: their Roman identity, rather than their orthodoxy, was the vital distinction from cultures they considered heretic and barbarian. Filling in the previously unexplained gap between antiquity and the resurgence of ethnography in the late Byzantine period,Ethnography After Antiquityoffers new perspective on how Byzantium positioned itself with and against the dramatically shifting world.
Self‐awareness in nursing: A scoping review Rasheed, Subia P.; Younas, Ahtisham; Sundus, Amara
Journal of clinical nursing,
March 2019, 2019-Mar, 2019-03-00, 20190301, Letnik:
28, Številka:
5-6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Aims and objectives
To outline and examine the literature about self‐awareness in nursing and to identify areas for future research and practice.
Background
Self‐awareness is important for the ...personal and professional development of nurses, for developing an effective nurse–patient relationship and for improving nursing abilities. Despite its importance in nursing and therapeutic nurse–patient relationship and its evolving nature, the knowledge base for self‐awareness in nursing remains under‐examined.
Design
A scoping review using PRISMA guidelines.
Methods
A five‐step approach: (a) identification of research question; (b) identification of relevant studies using a three‐step search: keywords search within PubMed and CINAHL, literature search within PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and literature search of references lists; (c) study selection; (d) data extraction and charting; (e) data collation, summarisation and reporting, was used.
Findings
Of 1,531 identified sources, 76 full‐text sources were read and 29 English language sources, published from January 1980 until January 2018, which included nurses or nursing students, were reviewed. Two themes: perspectives on self‐awareness and strategies for enhancing self‐awareness emerged. Under these themes, conceptualisation of self‐awareness; its antecedents and value; and theory‐based, educational and personal strategies for its enhancement were described. There is sufficient literature regarding self‐awareness conceptualisation and theory‐based strategies for its enhancement, but inconclusive evidence regarding value of self‐awareness, and educational and personal strategies for its improvement.
Conclusion
There is limited research on self‐awareness. Most of the literature comprises of theoretical discussions and opinions which adequately provide a conceptual understanding of self‐awareness. However, more empirical and applied research is needed to apply the available theoretical knowledge in practice.
Relevance to clinical practice
This review delineated theoretical, educational and personal strategies for nurses to improve their self‐awareness and indicated that engagement in self‐awareness at relational and contextual levels is essential for developing nurse–patient relationship.
Integration of body-related signals within the peripersonal space (PPS) contributes to bodily self-awareness. Whereas several studies have shown how individual PPS extension is shaped by external ...factors, e.g. during interactions with people and objects, no studies have looked at interoceptive influences on PPS extension. We exposed participants to an audio-tactile interaction task, to measure their PPS boundary (Session 1), and to a heartbeat counting task and a time estimation task, to specifically assess their interoceptive accuracy (Session 2). Participants’ traits of private self-consciousness and social anxiety were also evaluated, to account for their possible effect on the relation between interoception and PPS representation. We found that higher interoceptive accuracy specifically predicts narrower PPS boundary. Moreover, this relation is moderated by individual traits of private self-consciousness, but not social anxiety. Extending the concept of interoceptive influences on exteroceptive body representations to PPS, our results, first, support the idea that a dynamic balance between intero-exteroceptive processing might represent a general principle underlying bodily self-awareness; second, they shed light on how interoception may affect also the way we interface with the external world. Finally, showing that, in order for interoceptive accuracy to be effective on the intero-exteroceptive balance, it is important that individuals tend to focus on inner sensations and feelings, our results suggest that a comprehensive intero-exteroceptive model of bodily self-awareness should be (at least) a three-dimensional model that includes individual self-consciousness traits.
When individuals strive towards personal goals, they may encounter obstacles that could compromise their goal progress and pose a challenge to self–regulation. Coping with obstacles first requires ...those obstacles to be identified. The purpose of the present studies was to apply an inter–individual approach to this important, but insufficiently studied self–regulatory aspect of goal striving. We therefore examined the role of self–awareness, that is, paying attention to one's own feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, for the identification of goal–related obstacles. We measured and manipulated self–awareness in two correlational and two experimental studies (one of them preregistered) and asked participants to identify obstacles to their goals. All studies confirmed the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of dispositional and situational self–awareness identify more obstacles, both with regard to their idiosyncratic personal goals (Studies 1 and 2) and with regard to a goal in an assigned task during an experiment (Studies 3 and 4). The results indicate that self–awareness plays a crucial role for identifying obstacles. We discuss the implications of our findings for personality and self–regulation research.
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