Millet starch-based film: A review Majumder, Reshab; Miatur, Saptadip; Roy, Suchismita ...
Trends in food science & technology,
September 2024, 2024-09-00, Letnik:
151
Journal Article
Recenzirano
There has been extensively growing interest in millets due to their health benefits and critical role as a sustainable grain. Starches extracted from different grains, legumes, and vegetables are ...used for the fabrication of films. Millets are an excellent source of starch which can be an excellent base for film formation.
This review explores the extensive field of different types of millets, starch extraction processes from millets, film fabrication methods, and the bioactivity of these novel films. Maintaining the purity of the starch and maximizing outputs are crucial while extracting starch from millets. A variety of extraction techniques, including enzymatic hydrolysis and wet milling, are discussed highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of each. The subsequent section on film preparation describes various methods, such as casting and extrusion, and emphasizes how processing parameters affect the attributes of the film, such as thickness, transparency, and mechanical strength. A thorough examination of the bioactivity of films made from millet starch clarifies the possible uses of these materials in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food packaging industries. Examining the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and barrier qualities in detail demonstrates how versatile they are in maintaining and improving the quality of packaged items.
Millet-starch based films are a promising answer to the growing need for environmentally friendly packaging materials.
•Millet starch film emerges as promising eco-friendly packaging alternative.•Various extraction & treatment methods effects the overall film properties.•Incorporation of additives and nanocomposites enhances mechanical strength of film.
Silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) is a porous bioactive resorbable bioactive ceramics. Incorporating apatite bone cement (AC) formulation of tetracalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate ...dihydrate and SCPC has contributed to the higher mechanical strength of a new prototype apatite cement formulation. This in-vitro experiment aims to investigate the bioactivity of AC formulation using simulated body fluid (SBF). The samples consist of two groups of AC formulations (n=4). The first group, AC with 10% SCPC and the second group AC without SCPC, was immersed in the SBF for 14 days. The samples before and after immersion were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The samples' size and degree of crystallinity were analyzed statistically using Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, and Mann-Whitney test. As a result, there was no significant difference in the crystal size and the degree of the crystallinity of both samples. The surface morphology of all samples were coated with hydroxyapatite after immersing in the SBF solution. Both AC formulations with and without SCPC have bioactivity as the bone substitute materials. Combining AC with SCPC50 is a promising method to improve the bioactivity and mechanical strength of calcium phosphate bone cement.
•Excipient emulsions increase the bioaccessibility of β-carotene in spinach.•Mixed micelles promote osmotic absorption of β-carotene in the intestine.•LCT facilitates the entry of β-carotene into the ...circulation via the lymphatic pathway.•Excipient emulsions improve the biological activity of β-carotene in vivo.
This study sought to improve the biological fate of β-carotene obtained from spinach, using in vitro digestion, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion, and in vivo approaches, to investigate the effects of excipient emulsions with medium- (MCT) and long-chain triglyceride (LCT) as a vehicle for improved health benefits of β-carotene. Results showed that the bioavailability and bioactivity of β-carotene were both significantly higher in the excipient emulsions relative to those without the emulsions. This was especially true when LCT was used as the vehicle. These results were confirmed by bioaccessibility, duodenal absorption, and in vivo absorption and metabolism. Furthermore, animal feeding studies revealed that LCT may have the potential to promote triglyceride and apo-B48 reconstitution and secretion. This suggested that LCT may facilitate the entry of carotenoids into circulation via the lymphatic pathway. These results highlight the importance of the optimization of excipient foods to improve the efficacy of lipophilic carotenoid.
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Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables a controlled deposition of cells, biomaterials, and biological compounds (i.e., bioinks) to build complex 3D biological models, biological ...living systems, and therapeutic products. Developing responsive biomaterials as novel bioinks has been a central focus of research in the field of bioprinting because of their controllable material properties in response to printing-induced external or internal stimuli. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances of responsive biomaterials for 3D bioprinting applications. We review commonly used stimuli-responsive biomaterials and strategies for utilizing multifunctional responsiveness to achieve desirable printability, structural formability, cell viability, and construct bioactivity for 3D bioprinting. We also summarize major bioink formulation strategies currently adopted in 3D bioprinting. We subsequently discuss several promising applications of 3D printing involving responsive biomaterials, such as bioprinting in a supporting bath, 4D bioprinting, and bioprinting new controlled drug delivery systems. Future perspectives on the design and development of novel multifunctional bioinks based on responsive biomaterials and technological innovations are also presented.
The present study aims to develop zinc-zinc oxide-zinc phosphate (hopeite)-magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) composite coatings to reduce the rate of degradation and to impart a better ...bioactivity for Mg. Galvanic deposition was employed to form Zn-ZnO coating on Mg, which was subsequently converted to hopeite and struvite by chemical conversion method using diammonium hydrogen phosphate. The structural and morphological characteristics, nature of functional groups, degradation behaviour in Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) and bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) were evaluated. The findings of the study revealed that Zn-ZnO-hopeite-struvite composite coating has considerably reduced the rate of degradation of Mg in HBSS and promoted the bioactivity of Mg in SBF. The rate of degradation of Mg is decreased from 1.27 ± 0.11 mm/y to 0.13 ± 0.04 mm/y, amounting to ⁓90 % reduction in the corrosion rate. The morphological features reveal that the extent of corrosion attack on Zn-ZnO-hopeite-struvite composite coated Mg is very much limited when compared to that of the uncoated one. The surface of Zn-ZnO-hopeite-struvite composite coated Mg shows many thin needle-like crystals as well as globular-like particles after immersion in SBF when compared to that of uncoated and Zn-ZnO coated Mg. The uniform and compact coating with good adherence, improved corrosion resistance and better bioactivity suggest that Zn-ZnO-hopeite-struvite composite coating is a promising surface modification approach towards the development of Mg-based degradable implants.
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•Zn-ZnO coating is formed on Mg by galvanic deposition.•Zn-ZnO is converted to hopeite – struvite composite by chemical conversion method.•Zn-ZnO-hopeite-struvite composite coating improved corrosion resistance of Mg in HBSS.•Zn-ZnO-hopeite-struvite composite coated Mg moderately promoted the bioactivity.
Vinyl sulfones, with their exceptional chemical properties, are known as the “chameleons” of organic synthesis and are widely used in the preparation of various sulfur-containing structures. However, ...their most alluring feature lies in their biological activity. The vinyl sulfone skeleton is ubiquitous in natural products and drug molecules and boasts a unique molecular structure and drug activity when compared to conventional drug molecules. As a result, vinyl sulfones have been extensively studied, playing a critical role in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. In this review, we present a comprehensive analysis of the recent applications of vinyl sulfone structures in drug design, biology, and chemical synthesis. Furthermore, we explore the prospects of vinyl sulfones in diverse fields, offering insight into their potential future applications.
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•The structure-activity relationship among negamycin analogs was evaluated.•Chemical synthesis of negamycin was summarized.•Key features in each individual synthesis was discussed.
In ...this Digest paper, various approaches toward chemical synthesis of negamycin, a natural dipeptide-like antibiotic, were summarized. The strategy and tactics in each individual synthesis were highlighted. Although the chemical structure of negamycin is relatively simple, the promising bioactivity against Gram-negative bacteria with a novel mechanism of action renders it as an intriguing lead compound for medicinal development.
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Peptaibols are a large family of linear, amphipathic polypeptides consisting of 5-20 amino acid residues generated from the fungal nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) pathway. With ...a relatively high content of non-proteinogenic amino acids such as α-aminoisobutyrate (Aib) and isovaline (Iva) in the skeleton, peptaibols exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including anti-microbial, cytotoxic, and neuroleptic effects. With five peptaibols brought to market for use as biocontrol agents, this class of peptides has received increasing attention from both biochemists and pharmacologists. In this review, we summarized the progress made in structural characterization, elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, and investigation of biosynthesis elucidation and bioactivities, to promote further efforts to develop peptaibols as pharmaceuticals.
To achieve the desired therapeutic objective, the drug product must deliver the active drug at an optimal rate and amount. By proper biopharmaceutic design, the rate and extent of drug absorption ...(also called as bioavailability) or the systemic delivery of drugs to the body can be varied from rapid and complete absorption to slow and sustained absorption depending upon the desired therapeutic objective. Phytomedicine have served as the foundation for a larger fraction of the current pharmacopeia. But the delivery of phytomedicine is always problematic due to poor aqueous solubility, poor permeation, low systemic availability, instability and extensive first pass metabolism. Current review will discuss in detail about how nanotechnology can enhance the bioavilability and bioactivity of the phytomedicine.
Essential oils (EOs) are liquid preparations, produced from plant materials. Although EOs showed a promising bioactivity in vitro, they could interact in foods with some components (fats, proteins, ...carbohydrates) and pH, thus many authors have reported that a significant effect of EOs toward spoiling and pathogenic microorganisms could be achieved in vivo by using higher amounts of oils. Different methods can be used to assess the bioactivity of EOs (disk diffusion and agar or broth dilution methods); however, there is not a standardized test and researchers propose and use different protocols (evaluating the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, studying the survival curves, analysis through the scanning electron microscopy, etc.). Thereafter, the scope of this review is a focus on interactions of EOs with proteins, carbohydrates, oils, NaCl, and pH, as well as a brief description on the different protocols to assess their bioactivity both under in vivo and in vitro conditions.
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