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•Wearable microwave radiometer can monitor the core body temperature continuously 24/7.•The size of stable wearable microwave radiometer is 32 × 25 × 14 mm3.•The accuracy of the ...radiometer is independent of the antenna reflection coefficient.•The accuracy of the radiometer is independent of the radiometer front-end temperature.
This paper presents a new circuit of the miniature microwave radiometer for wearable devices, which can be used to monitor the core body temperature (CBT) of internal human tissues continuously 24/7. The measurement results of the proposed device, as opposed to the known miniature wearable radiometers, remain unchanged when the impedance of the examined area varies. We have derived an analytical expression for radiometer measurement error based on parameters of device components. This formula allows accuracies to be estimated and optimal parameters of the circuit to be selected to minimise measurement error at a design stage. It is shown that measurement error is independent of the antenna reflection coefficient and the temperature of the radiometer front-end. A prototype of the single-channel miniature radiometer has 32 × 25 × 14 mm3 dimensions and USB interface communication with PC. A 28 -h run of the device has shown that it is highly stable, and a maximum drift in temperature is 0.15 °C. Operating frequency range was 3400−4100 MHz, supply voltage −5 V; power supply of the radiometer in measurement mode is 210 mA; time constant of the radiometer without being averaged is 0.6 s, at the same time, standard deviation δ = 0.17 °C, with further averaging during 4 s δ = 0.052 °C, with averaging during 30 s δ = 0.017 °C; when there were input reflections R2 = 0.25, an error in measuring brightness temperature shifted by 0.2 °C; with 10 °C variations in ambient temperature the shift was 0.15 °C.
The design and development of a Zigbee smart noninvasive wearable physiological parameters monitoring device has been developed and reported in this paper. The system can be used to monitor ...physiological parameters, such as temperature and heart rate, of a human subject. The system consists of an electronic device which is worn on the wrist and finger, by an at-risk person. Using several sensors to measure different vital signs, the person is wirelessly monitored within his own home. An impact sensor has been used to detect falls. The device detects if a person is medically distressed and sends an alarm to a receiver unit that is connected to a computer. This sets off an alarm, allowing help to be provided to the user. The device is battery powered for use outdoors. The device can be easily adapted to monitor athletes and infants. The low cost of the device will help to lower the cost of home monitoring of patients recovering from illness. A prototype of the device has been fabricated and extensively tested with very good results.
Combining high sensitivity with fast response and high resolution remains a critical challenge for flexible temperature sensors. The present study leverages the intrinsically high surface‐to‐volume ...ratio of nanocomposite fibers as well as the high mechanical properties of nanomaterials for achieving conformable temperature sensors with accurate and fast detection of temperature. To achieve this, nanocomposite films of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with embedded silver (Ag) nanoparticles were layered with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The sensor showed a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) with excellent sensitivity of −0.18%/°C and a quick response rate of 11 s. The sensor also exhibited low self‐heating errors for an activation current of 1 mA and excellent anti‐interference ability when tested for bending forces and wet environments. The nanocomposite fiber‐based sensor can be used for real‐time monitoring of human body temperature as confirmed by successful experiments. The present work lays the foundation for integrating the sensor further with a user interface to create a wearable temperature monitoring system for mobile healthcare.
The graphical depicts the steps in fabrication with the image of fabricated sensor showing its initial resistance. It also shows the performance study of the sensor such as TCR and mechanical bending test.
Body temperature is an important physiological indicator in the whole process of pig breeding. Temperature measurement is also an effective means to assist in disease diagnosis and pig health ...monitoring. In the conventional method of measuring body temperature, a mercury column is used to obtain the rectal temperature. The operation of this method is complicated and requires a large amount of labor. This kind of temperature measurement method is contact and can make the pig stressed, which is disadvantageous for the healthy growth of pigs. Therefore, rectal temperature measurement no longer meets the needs of the large-scale pig industry in China's welfare agriculture. In recent years, the emerging pig body temperature detection technologies are electronic temperature measurement technology, infrared temperature measurement technology and so on. Infrared temperature measurement technology has been the main means of measuring the temperature of pig body surface with its advantages of non-contact, long distance and real-time. At present, infrared temperature measurement technology and infrared image processing technology used in pig breeding are still in the exploration stage. Nowadays, the infrared temperature measurement equipment based on point-by-point analysis represented by infrared thermometer and temperature measurement equipment based on full-field analysis represented by infrared thermal imager have been applied to pig breeding industry. These types of temperature measurement are more in line with the needs of the pig breeding industry to transform and upgrade to the automation, in line with the development concept of welfare farming and smart agriculture, and its development prospects are very impressive.
•Several emerging animal temperature measurement techniques are summarized.•The application status of infrared technology has been analyzed.•The infrared image processing technology of pigs was analyzed and summarized.•The advantages, limitations and challenges are analyzed.
Background:
To conduct a rapid preliminary COVID-19 screening prior to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test under clinical settings, including patient’s body moving conditions in a non-contact ...manner, we developed a mobile and vital-signs-based infection screening composite-type camera (VISC-Camera) with truncus motion removal algorithm (TMRA) to screen for possibly infected patients.
Methods:
The VISC-Camera incorporates a stereo depth camera for respiratory rate (RR) determination, a red–green–blue (RGB) camera for heart rate (HR) estimation, and a thermal camera for body temperature (BT) measurement. In addition to the body motion removal algorithm based on the region of interest (ROI) tracking for RR, HR, and BT determination, we adopted TMRA for RR estimation. TMRA is a reduction algorithm of RR count error induced by truncus non-respiratory front-back motion measured using depth-camera-determined neck movement. The VISC-Camera is designed for mobile use and is compact (22 cm × 14 cm × 4 cm), light (800 g), and can be used in continuous operation for over 100 patients with a single battery charge. The VISC-Camera discriminates infected patients from healthy people using a logistic regression algorithm using RR, HR, and BT as explanatory variables. Results are available within 10 s, including imaging and processing time. Clinical testing was conducted on 154 PCR positive COVID-19 inpatients (aged 18–81 years; M/F = 87/67) within the initial 48 h of hospitalization at the First Central Hospital of Mongolia and 147 healthy volunteers (aged 18–85 years, M/F = 70/77). All patients were on treatment with antivirals and had body temperatures <37.5°C. RR measured by visual counting, pulsimeter-determined HR, and BT determined by thermometer were used for references.
Result:
10-fold cross-validation revealed 91% sensitivity and 90% specificity with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97. The VISC-Camera-determined HR, RR, and BT correlated significantly with those measured using references (RR:
r
= 0.93,
p
< 0.001; HR:
r
= 0.97,
p
< 0.001; BT:
r
= 0.72,
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Under clinical settings with body motion, the VISC-Camera with TMRA appears promising for the preliminary screening of potential COVID-19 infection for afebrile patients with the possibility of misdiagnosis as asymptomatic.
Heat stress in horses: a literature review Kang, Hyungsuk; Zsoldos, Rebeka R.; Sole-Guitart, Albert ...
International journal of biometeorology,
06/2023, Letnik:
67, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Healthy adult horses can balance accumulation and dissipation of body heat to maintain their body temperature between 37.5 and 38.5 °C, when they are in their thermoneutral zone (5 to 25 °C). ...However, under some circumstances, such as following strenuous exercise under hot, or hot and humid conditions, the accumulation of body heat exceeds dissipation and horses can suffer from heat stress. Prolonged or severe heat stress can lead to anhidrosis, heat stroke, or brain damage in the horse. To ameliorate the negative effects of high heat load in the body, early detection of heat stress and immediate human intervention is required to reduce the horse’s elevated body temperature in a timely manner. Body temperature measurement and deviations from the normal range are used to detect heat stress. Rectal temperature is the most commonly used method to monitor body temperature in horses, but other body temperature monitoring technologies, percutaneous thermal sensing microchips or infrared thermometry, are currently being studied for routine monitoring of the body temperature of horses as a more practical alternative. When heat stress is detected, horses can be cooled down by cool water application, air movement over the horse (e.g., fans), or a combination of these. The early detection of heat stress and the use of the most effective cooling methods is important to improve the welfare of heat stressed horses.
•Evaluating an ingestible capsule and a skin sensor.•Measuring body temperature in patients with fever caused by an acute infectious disease.•The remote control in real time offers new opportunity ...for future investigation of fever.
Reliable non-invasive methods for measuring body temperature are essential for the diagnosis and monitoring of infectious disease.
This study used Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and the Bland- Altman plot to analyse the agreement between temperature measurements using an ingestible capsule sensor, a skin sensor and two non-invasive peripheral temperature measurements (axillary and infrared non-contact), collected from a population of febrile patient admitted for infectious disease.
Of the 77 febrile patients screened, 26 patients were enrolled. The ICC between axillary temperature measurements (Taxi) vs. non-contact measurements (Tno-c) were 0.34 −0.18; 0.63, 0.87 0.55; 0.94 between Taxi vs. ingestible capsule measurements (Tcap) and 0.12 −0.09; 0.37 between Taxi vs. Tetac. The mean difference between Taxi vs Tno-c was −1.18 °C with limits of agreement (LoA) from −2.96 to 0.58 °C. The mean difference between Taxi vs Tcap was 0.48 °C, with LoA from −0.60 to 1.56 °C. The mean difference between Taxi vs Tetac was −4.23 °C with LoA from −7.22 to −1.23 °C.
Ingestible capsule measurements are reliable enough to adequately estimate the core body temperature in clinical practice. Its non-invasiveness, and the real-time remote control offer new opportunities for future research into fever during infectious diseases.
Objective
In this randomized controlled study, we aimed to determine whether non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are more time-efficient and create less patient distress than mercury axillary ...thermometers (MATs) and infrared tympanic thermometers (ITTs).
Methods
Forty-five rehabilitation inpatients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (NCIT, MAT, and ITT). Time required to measure body temperature with an NCIT, MAT, and ITT was recorded. We examined associations between time required to take patients’ temperature and measuring device used. Patient distress experienced during temperature measurement using the three thermometers was recorded.
Results
A significantly longer average time was required to measure temperatures using the MAT (mean 43.17, standard deviation SD 8.39) than the ITT (mean 13.74, SD 1.63) and NCIT (mean 12.13, SD 1.18). The thermometer used influenced the time required to measure body temperature (t = 33.99). There were significant differences among groups (NCIT vs. ITT, NCIT vs. MAT, and ITT vs. MAT) regarding patient distress among the different thermometers. Most distress arose owing to needing help from others, sleep disruption, and boredom.
Conclusion
The NCIT has clinically relevant advantages over the ITT and MAT in measuring body temperature among rehabilitation patients, including saving nurses’ time and avoiding unnecessary patient distress.
Clinical trial registration number (http://www.chictr.org.cn): ChiCTR1800019756.
Research background:
In 2020, a pandemic of COVID-19 has started. One of the symptoms is that a person has an elevated body temperature. One of the preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19 ...is the body temperature measuring. But this does not immediately mean, that person´s elevated body temperature indicates the presence of COVID-19. It also does not mean, that a person with COVID-19 must have fever. In generally, there is accepted a preventive measure to measure a body temperature, that can help to detect an infected person. The demands for body temperature measuring devices has increased. One of these devices is the thermal security cameras (TSC).
Purpose of the article:
The aim of this paper is to point out the increased use of the TSC during the global pandemic of COVID-19. At the same time, it is necessary to point out the real benefits of using these devices in relation to global trend and significant economic impacts on society.
Methods:
The analysis of available materials and data of the implementation of the TCS in relation to COVID-19 crisis. There are case studies elaborated on two manufacturing companies with different approaches to the implementation of preventive measures.
Findings & Value added:
Firstly, the increased demand for protecting and preventive measures have an impact on the extreme increase in prices for these technologies compared to the pre-pandemic period. Secondly, accepted protecting and safety measures, such as TSC, do not have the expected benefits in relation to COVID-19.
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