•Thirteen compounds were identified.•The major compounds were hexanal, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, phenylacetaldehyde, and E-nerolidol, and nine compounds had lower concentrations.•Literature data shows ...that these compounds from bryophytes or other organisms present toxic, repellent or attractive effects on insects.
Bryophytes are natural sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with bioactive properties whese can be used for bioprospecting and biotechnological applications. This study determines the VOC composition from the moss Calymperes palisotii Schwägr. The volatile concentrate of the species was obtained by simultaneous micro hydrodistillation-extraction (SDE), and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Among 13 compounds, hexanal, 3-methyl-2-pentanone, phenylacetaldehyde, and E-nerolidol were major compounds,. This was first record of the volatile chemical composition of C. palisotii, with some substances was unprecedented in moss species.
Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are bioactive compounds with dual benefits for plants and humans.The correlation between PSMs and the endomembrane system (ES) is an adaptive strategy that has been ...neglected due to the complexity of the model angiosperm plant system.Bryophytes, especially liverworts, usually have simple single-layer cellular structures and a unique PSM-related organelle, known as the oil body (OB; synapomorphy to liverwort), suggesting them as a powerful model plant.Recent studies in Marchantia polymorpha revealed that the redirection of the secretory pathway along with several key transcription factors contribute to the formation of OBs in liverworts.Studying the organelle biogenesis in bryophytes can reveal the correlation between PSMs and the ES, and provide useful information for synthetic biology of bryophytes for pharmaceutical purposes.
New organelle acquisition through neofunctionalization of the endomembrane system (ES) with respect to plant secondary metabolism is a key evolutionary strategy for plant adaptation, which is overlooked due to the complexity of angiosperms. Bryophytes produce a broad range of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), and their simple cellular structures, including unique organelles, such as oil bodies (OBs), highlight them as suitable model to investigate the contribution of the ES to PSMs. In this opinion, we review latest findings on the contribution of the ES to PSM biosynthesis, with a specific focus on OBs, and propose that the ES provides organelles and trafficking routes for PSM biosynthesis, transportation, and storage. Therefore, future research on ES-derived organelles and trafficking routes will provide essential knowledge for synthetic applications.
Bryophytes can both emit and take up biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) to and from the environment. Despite the scarce study of these exchanges, BVOCs have been shown to be important for a ...wide range of ecological roles. Bryophytes are the most ancient clade of land plants and preserve very similar traits to those first land colonisers. Therefore, the study of these plants can help understand the early processes of BVOC emissions as an adaptation to terrestrial life. Here, we determine the emission rates of BVOCs from different bryophyte species to understand what drives such emissions. We studied 26 bryophyte species from temperate regions that can be found in mountain springs located in NE Spain. Bryophyte BVOC emission presented no significant phylogenetic signal for any of the compounds analysed. Hence, we used mixed linear models to investigate the species-specific differences and eco-physiological and environmental drivers of bryophyte BVOC emission. In general, species-specific variability was the main factor explaining bryophyte BVOC emissions; but additionally, photosynthetic rates and light intensity increased BVOC emissions. Despite emission measurements reported here were conducted at 30°, and may not directly correspond to emission rates in natural conditions, most of the screened species have never been measured before for BVOC emissions and therefore this information can help understand the drivers of the emissions of BVOCs in bryophytes.
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•This study provides new information on BVOC emissions from bryophytes.•We found a high and a low bryophyte BVOC emitter group.•The emission of BVOCs from liverwort storage compounds was dominant, but emissions from mosses were also important.•The most important driver for bryophyte BVOC emissions was species-specific variability.
Introduction. Following on from work on the European bryophyte Red List, the taxonomically and nomenclaturally updated spreadsheets used for that project have been expanded into a new checklist for ...the bryophytes of Europe.
Methods. A steering group of ten European bryologists was convened, and over the course of a year, the spreadsheets were compared with previous European checklists, and all changes noted. Recent literature was searched extensively. A taxonomic system was agreed, and the advice and expertise of many European bryologists sought.
Key results. A new European checklist of bryophytes, comprising hornworts, liverworts and mosses, is presented. Fifteen new combinations are proposed.
Conclusions. This checklist provides a snapshot of the current European bryophyte flora in 2019. It will already be out-of-date on publication, and further research, particularly molecular work, can be expected to result in many more changes over the next few years.
Angiosperms and bryophytes, though distantly related plant groups, have many similar ecological and economic implications, including medicinal value. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the ...phenolic and flavonoids composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Helianthus annuus L. (Angiosperms-Asteraceae) and another plant, a moss (Bryophyta), Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg., aerial parts (leaves), prepared in four different extracts (methanol, chloroform, distilled water, and petroleum ether). Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods of precipitation and colouration reactions. The Folin-Ciocalteu method was employed to determine the total phenol content, while the Aluminium Chloride Colorimetric method was used for flavonoid content determination. The antioxidant activity was measured through two methods: DPPH and NOSA scavenging activity. The phytochemical screening detected the presence and absence of fixed oils and fats, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, polyphenols, carbohydrates, and glycosides in both plants. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of both plants' methanolic extracts was examined against bacterial and fungal pathogens, i.e., Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and fungal strains, i.e., Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The results were compared to a regular antibiotic disc and negative control that served as a methanol solvent. The methanolic extract of H. annuus has higher total phenol and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, than H. involuta. Based on these data, it can be concluded that, while H. annuus is more effective than H. involuta, both distantly related plant species have similar phytochemical profiles and should be included equally in future herbal compositions.
The origin of land plants was accompanied by new adaptations to life on land, including the evolution of stomata—pores on the surface of plants that regulate gas exchange. The genes that underpin the ...development and function of stomata have been extensively studied in model angiosperms, such as Arabidopsis. However, little is known about stomata in bryophytes, and their evolutionary origins and ancestral function remain poorly understood. Here, we resolve the position of bryophytes in the land plant tree and investigate the evolutionary origins of genes that specify stomatal development and function. Our analyses recover bryophyte monophyly and demonstrate that the guard cell toolkit is more ancient than has been appreciated previously. We show that a range of core guard cell genes, including SPCH/MUTE, SMF, and FAMA, map back to the common ancestor of embryophytes or even earlier. These analyses suggest that the first embryophytes possessed stomata that were more sophisticated than previously envisioned and that the stomata of bryophytes have undergone reductive evolution, including their complete loss from liverworts.
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•Land plants comprise two sister lineages, bryophytes and tracheophytes•Their common ancestor possessed complex stomata•Stomata were lost or reduced during the evolution of bryophytes•Liverwort air pores evolved following stomatal loss in the liverwort ancestor
Harris et al. provide phylogenomic support for the monophyly of bryophytes and show that many of the genes that pattern and operate stomata in modern tracheophytes, such as Arabidopsis, were already present in the common ancestor of land plants. The analyses indicate that the simple stomata of modern bryophytes are a result of reductive evolution.
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