Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design promotes occupants as a focal point for the design process. This resource for established and emerging building designers and researchers provides ...theoretical and practical means to restore occupants and their needs to the heart of the design process. Helmed by leaders of the International Energy Agency Annex 79, this edited volume features contributions from a multi-disciplinary, globally recognized team of scholars and practitioners. Chapters on the indoor environment and human factors introduce the principles of occupant-centric design while chapters on selecting and applying models provide a thorough grounding in simulation-aided building design practice. A final chapter assembling detailed case studies puts the lessons of the preceding chapters into real-world context. In fulfillment of the International Energy Agency’s mission of disseminating research on secure and sustainable energy to all, Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design is available as an Open Access Gold title. With a balance of fundamentals and design process guidelines, Occupant-Centric Simulation-Aided Building Design reorients the building design community toward buildings that recognize and serve diverse occupant needs, while aiming for superior environmental performance, based on the latest science and methods.
Sammendrag Da Obama overtok som president i 2009, var ett av hovedmålene å styrke amerikansk klimapolitikk. Fem år senere er målet fortsatt ikke blitt realisert. For å forklare denne manglende ...måloppnåelsen undersøker vi tre forhold: Først analyserer vi koalisjonsbyggingsstrategiene som ble brukt i Kongressen for å bygge bro over tradisjonelle konfliktlinjer i amerikansk klimapolitikk, og finner at det var nær umulig for senatsledelsen å bygge kompromisser som kunne mobilisere nok støttespillere for en klimalov. Deretter undersøker vi hvordan tre begivenheter påvirket debatten mellom lovgiverne og forsterket konfliktlinjene: Etableringen av «Tea Party»-bevegelsen, «Deepwater Horizon»-ulykken i Mexicogulfen samt finanskrisens påvirkning på folks holdninger til klimaproblemet. For det tredje undersøker vi hvilke implikasjoner Obama-administrasjonens klimapolitikk har for utsiktene til amerikansk deltakelse i en internasjonal klimaavtale. Amerikansk deltakelse i internasjonalt samarbeid er sterkt avhengig av politikken som føres på nasjonalt nivå, og vi finner at de dype konfliktene rundt klimapolitikken i Kongressen betyr at det er svært lite sannsynlig at USA vil slutte seg til en internasjonal klimaavtale i overskuelig framtid. Nøkkelord: Amerikansk klimapolitikk, koalisjonsbygging i den amerikanske Kongressen, internasjonalt klimasamarbeid
Chicago in Stone and Clay
explores the interplay between the city's most
architecturally significant sites, the materials they're made of,
and the sediments and bedrock they are anchored in. This
...unique geologist's survey of Windy City neighborhoods demonstrates
the fascinating and often surprising links between science, art,
engineering, and urban history.
Drawing on two decades of experience leading popular geology
tours in Chicago, Raymond Wiggers crafted this book for readers
ranging from the region's large community of amateur naturalists,
"citizen scientists," and architecture buffs to geologists,
architects, educators, and other professionals seeking a new
perspective on the themes of architecture and urbanism.
Unlike most geology and architecture books, Chicago in Stone
and Clay is written in the informal, accessible style of a
natural history tour guide, humanizing the science for the
nonspecialist reader. Providing an exciting new angle on both
architecture and natural history, Wiggers uses an integrative
approach that incorporates multiple themes and perspectives to
demonstrate how the urban environment presents us with a rich
geologic and architectural legacy.
À cheval sur les Alpes occidentales, les Etats de Piémont-Savoie occupent une place majeure sur l'échiquier européen tout au long de l'époque moderne. Or, rares sont les historiens français, italiens ...et anglophones à se pencher sur cette monarchie en dépit du récent renouveau historiographique insufflé par les Sabaudian Studies à l'initiative de l'historien américain Matthew Vester. Aucune étude approfondie sur la construction territoriale de cet Etat secondaire (puissance moyenne) n'a été menée jusqu'à présent : les recherches françaises se restreignent le plus souvent à des études locales centrées sur les questions économiques, sociales et religieuses de la « région Savoie », tandis que les historiens italiens ont produit depuis la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle de nombreux travaux cantonnés à l'histoire politique du Piémont. Quant aux Anglo-saxons, ils ont travaillé sur de trop courtes périodes pour saisir l’ensemble des mécanismes du processus d'étatisation du Piémont-Savoie. Un renouveau historiographique est nécessaire sur cette monarchie composite fragmentée par les montagnes entre les pays de « l’au-delà » (versant français) et ceux de l’ « en-deçà » (versant italien). Si cette thèse se focalise sur le Piémont, cœur politique de cette monarchie depuis 1563, la Savoie et le comté de Nice seront aussi évoqués pour surmonter l'impasse dans laquelle se trouve la plupart des études « régionales » menées jusqu'à présent. Cette étude vise à approfondir nos connaissances sur cet Etat secondaire qui a façonné les versants français et italien des Alpes. Elle amène aussi à envisager autrement l'histoire de l'Europe à travers une histoire politique et diplomatique renouvelée d’une dynastie européenne : celle de la maison de Savoie, de sa restauration en 1559 (ses États sont occupés dans le cadre des guerres d’Italie depuis 1536) à l’annexion de Nice et de la Savoie par la France révolutionnaire à l’automne-hiver 1792-1793. Il convient de partir du postulat suivant : la construction du Piémont-Savoie dans l'Europe d'entre-deux disputée entre la France et les Habsbourg est conditionnée par la politique d'une dynastie souveraine au succès parfois mitigé, ainsi que par le jeu des grandes puissances soucieux de préserver l’équilibre européen. Trois axes seront à privilégier. Le premier est l’ambitieuse politique territoriale de la maison de Savoie qui bascule d'un versant à l'autre, puis consolide et étend son Piémont peu à peu élevé au statut de puissance italienne. Ensuite, la diplomatie de cette dynastie en quête d’indépendance vise s’affirmer face à ses voisins hégémoniques (France et Empire). Enfin, il convient de s’intéresser au(x) rôle(s) que les grandes puissances (France, Empire, Espagne et Angleterre) attribuent à cet Etat d’abord considéré comme un « territoire-tampon » empêchant tout contact direct entre la France et le Milanais espagnol, puis comme un « État-barrière » empêchant la France d’entrer en Italie et un « Etat-équilibre » contrebalançant la puissance autrichienne à la tête de la moitié de la péninsule. Cette réflexion sera prolongée par un court épilogue sur le sort de cette monarchie progressivement annexée par la France révolutionnaire jusqu’à disparaitre une seconde fois en 1802. S’achève ainsi une histoire possible du Piémont-Savoie commencée deux siècles et demi plus tôt.
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The concept of Zero Energy Building (ZEB) has gained wide international attention during last few years and is now seen as the future target for the design of buildings. However, before being fully ...implemented in the national building codes and international standards, the ZEB concept requires clear and consistent definition and a commonly agreed energy calculation methodology. The most important issues that should be given special attention before developing a new ZEB definition are: (1) the metric of the balance, (2) the balancing period, (3) the type of energy use included in the balance, (4) the type of energy balance, (5) the accepted renewable energy supply options, (6) the connection to the energy infrastructure and (7) the requirements for the energy efficiency, the indoor climate and in case of gird connected ZEB for the building–grid interaction. This paper focuses on the review of the most of the existing ZEB definitions and the various approaches towards possible ZEB calculation methodologies. It presents and discusses possible answers to the abovementioned issues in order to facilitate the development of a consistent ZEB definition and a robust energy calculation methodology.
How do modern states emerge from the turmoil of undergoverned spaces? This is the question Reo Matsuzaki ponders in Statebuilding by Imposition. Comparing Taiwan and the Philippines under the ...colonial rule of Japan and the United States, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, he shows similar situations produce different outcomes and yet lead us to one conclusion.
Contemporary statebuilding efforts by the US and the UN start from the premise that strong states can and should be constructed through the establishment of representative government institutions, a liberalized economy, and laws that protect private property and advance personal liberties. But when statebuilding runs into widespread popular resistance, as it did in both Taiwan the Philippines, statebuilding success depends on reconfiguring the very fabric of society, embracing local elites rather than the broad population, and giving elites the power to discipline the people. In Taiwan under Japanese rule, local elites behaved as obedient and effective intermediaries and contributed to government authority; in the Philippines under US rule, they became the very cause of the state's weakness by aggrandizing wealth, corrupting the bureaucracy, and obstructing policy enforcement. As Statebuilding by Imposition details, Taiwanese and Filipino history teaches us that the imposition of democracy is no guarantee of success when forming a new state and that illiberal actions may actually be more effective. Matsuzaki's controversial political history forces us to question whether statebuilding, given what it would take for this to result in the construction of a strong state, is the best way to address undergoverned spaces in the world today.
There are various definitions of ‘zero energy’ and ‘net-zero’ energy building. In most cases, the definitions refer only to the energy that is used in the operation of the building, ignoring the ...aspects of energy use related to the construction and delivery of the building and its components. On the other hand the concept of ‘net energy’ as used in the field of ecological economics, which does take into account the energy used during the production process of a commodity, is widely applied in fields such as renewable energy assessment. In this paper the concept of ‘net energy’ is introduced and applied within the built environment, based on a methodology accounting for the embodied energy of building components together with energy use in operation. A definition of life cycle zero energy buildings (LC-ZEB) is proposed, as well as the use of the net energy ratio (NER) as a factor to aid in building design with a life cycle perspective.
Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning ...equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures. One approach to addressing this problems is to compare the predictions of an energy simulation model of the building to the measured performance and analyze significant differences to infer the presence and location of faults. This paper presents a framework that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The realization of the framework utilized the EnergyPlus, the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) and the Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) was developed. An EnergyPlus model that represents expected performance of a building runs in real time and reports the predicted building performance at each time step. The BCVTB is used as the software platform to acquire relevant inputs from the EMCS through a BACnet interface and send them to the EnergyPlus and to a database for archiving. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented.
► A framework that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. ► Realized the real-time building simulation using EnergyPlus. ► Established the connection between the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed and the building automation system.
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