Purpose. The synthesis of the method of analyzing the vulnerability of water resources based on the entropy of the connection based on the determination of the factors of the water system, ...considering the relationship between the anthropogenic socio-economic system and the "man-environment" system and the analysis of the transformation processes of the water system in a changing environment.
Results. The mechanism of vulnerability of water resources in a changing environment is analyzed. The structure of the vulnerability of water resources is established based on sensitivity, natural resistance and artificial adaptation by analyzing the four states of the water system: the sensitive state, the impaired state, the recovery state and the equilibrium state, and accompanying transformation processes. A method for analyzing the vulnerability of water resources based on contact entropy is proposed, which extends the concept of contact entropy. The degree of vulnerability of water resources to the changing environment can be divided into five levels with 11 indices: low (I), insignificant (II), moderate (III), high (IV) and extreme (V). Calculation of the contact entropy shows an approximate value of the contact entropy S with a range of (–1.314; 1.314). This interval is divided into five parts: 0.877; 1.314), 0.292; 0.877), −0.292; 0.292), −0.877; −0.292), (−1.314; − 0.877), indicating low (I), insignificant (II), moderate (III), high (IV) and excessive (V) degrees of vulnerability of water resources, respectively.
Conclusions. The state of a water system usually changes from impaired to restored due to natural factors, followed by a transition from a state of restoration to a state of equilibrium mainly due to artificial factors. The first is defined as natural resilience, and the second as artificial adaptation. The results of this mechanism offer a necessary understanding of the vulnerability of water resources in a changing environment, the mechanism of the transformation process between the four states is the focus of further research.
Reinforcement learning is a method that acquires control rules by interacting with the system dynamics' so-called environment. However, when applying the acquired control rules in the real world, ...tasks fail due to changes in the environment (e.g., friction and mass). Since reinforcement learning acquires optimal control rules under train environment, it is no longer optimal under changed environment. Therefore, we propose to infer the change of dynamics and compensate the action to act as if it is in the unchanged environment. We show that the change of environment can be seen as the change of input action. As a result, we used inverse dynamics to get changed input action and compared it with input action to infer the change of the dynamics. Experiments conducted using a mass-spring damping and pendulum simulation demonstrate that our method improves task performance under a changing affine non-linear environment.
To investigate possible differences in MMSE scores due to the time of testing at admission to the hospital, we randomly stratified eligible patients into two groups, and tested on the first day (
n
= ...28) or the third day (
n
= 26) of admission, respectively. Both groups were retested on day seven, and there was no significant difference in delta values between the groups (
p
= .086). Scores at admission correlated closely with day seven scores (Spearman's ρ 0.7;
p
< .001). Our results might be of clinical relevance since this may enable hospitals and institutions to choose individual baseline times for MMSE testing within the first week of hospitalization and still group the data as baseline, either as part of treatment evaluation or for research purposes.
Rats were reared from weaning onwards in impoverished (IC), social (SC) or enriched (EC) environments. In addition, some groups were moved from an enriched to an impoverished environment, or vice ...versa, either once or three times during rearing. After 2 months of differential rearing, animals were tested in a multidimensional discrimination procedure in an operant chamber, where reinforcements were given on a random schedule, that is, uncorrelated with the choices made by the animals. It was found that eventually all rats took up alternating place. However, enriched subjects did so more consistently than impoverished or socially reared subjects. Animals shifted three times, behaved more routine-like than did animals never changed or changed only once; such animals did so to a greater degree than did the enriched animals. In comparison, impoverished animals, and those never changed or changed once, more often kept responding to the environmental cues. The results are discussed in relation to general interpretations of the effects of impoverishment and enrichment in terms of behavioural flexibility, over-attention, and in relation to styles of coping. It is argued that, contrary to welfare people's claims, the behavioural differences found are well within the range of normal individual variation.
Gaining knowledge from outside of the enterprise is a quick way to innovate and gain competitive advantage to keep pace with the rapid progress of science and technology. Based on 153 questionnaires ...from Chinese high-tech companies, this paper examines the relationships among environmental change, enterprise culture, knowledge management capability and knowledge transfer performance. The paper demonstrates that the change of environment has a positive direct impact on enterprise culture, and enterprise culture has a positive direct impact on knowledge management capability. However, the direct effect of enterprise culture on knowledge transfer performance is not significant. Further, enterprise culture can influence knowledge transfer performance indirectly through knowledge management capability.
Confidence camp Bergqvist, Petter; Gustafsson, Fredrik; Mårtensson, Ingrid
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems,
04/2008
Conference Proceeding
Homeless people who want to leave homelessness have a really hard time doing this, because they are stuck in the very same environment and have to face their problems alone. Our solution provides ...homeless people with a much needed vacation from their daily lives at the same time as they can learn new skills and build network that will help them in the future. The idea is a camp for the homeless based on four features that we have found are important to get out of homelessness; change of environment, activation, improvement of self-efficacy and improvement of social abilities. It is a place where they can prepare for the long journey out of homelessness.
sisällön kuvaus: Näkymä Ratapihantien yli kohti Itä-Pasilan ratapihaa. Vasemmalla lehtipuun takana Pasilan vanha puinen asemarakennus (nyk. Ratapihantie 6, 8 kohdalla). Asemarakennuksen takaa näkyy ...ratapihan aluetta. Ratapihan tuntumassa on linjan 2 raitiovaunu
pysäkillään. Ratapihantien yli kulkee katettu
kävelysilta. Valokuvan aivan oikeassa reunassa näkyy ohut kaistale Itä-Pasilan virastotaloa. Valokuva on otettu luoteeseen.
mustavalkoinen
Content description: A view across the Ratapihantie towards the East Pasila railway yard. The old wooden station building in Pasila behind the leafy tree on the left (the so-called Ratapihantie at 6, 8). The area of the track yard can be seen from behind the station building. Tram on Line 2
at his stop. Covered across the railway sleeves
walking bridge. A thin strip of the East Pasila office building can be seen on the right side of the photo. Photograph taken to the northwest.
black and white
Cytochrome P450 (P450) of eukaryotes and prokaryotes diversified remarkably during the long course of their evolution. Since the diversification of P450 was the consequence of the adaptation of ...various living organisms to diverse environmental changes, the catalytic activities and physiological functions of the P450s of different taxa can be significantly different. It is likely that many P450s with novel physiological functions will be found in future when we further identify and examine the P450s of various eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The whole-genome sequences of a few thousand species are now available. The genome data will be helpful for the search of novel P450s in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms that have not been studied so far. Discovery of new P450s with unique catalytic activities will expand the scope of biochemical and biophysical research on P450.
Cytochrome P450 of eukaryotes and prokaryotes diversified remarkably during the long course of their evolution, and played vital roles many times in the adaptation of various organisms to diverse environmental changes. Elucidation of the functions of novel P450s of wide variety of life will support future research on P450. Display omitted
•P450 diversified remarkably during the long course of evolution.•P450s supported the adaptation of various organisms to environmental changes.•Elucidation of physiological functions of P450s in a wide variety of organisms is needed.•Genome sequence data help us to find and explore many novel P450s.•Studies on the diversity of P450 will support future development of P450 research.
A field survey shows that some creatures which lives in rocky shore observed in sandy beach after construction of artificial reef. Furthermore, due to the wave dissipation effect, juvenile of hen ...calm increased behind the reef. A model in this study is to help better understand the effects of facilities and predict changes in ecology after construction. Data files which contain information on representative kinds of creatures are collected, and individual reaction model, and an ecological model with which one can estimate the direct and indirect effects of shore protection facilities are developed.
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