Summary
Chronotype is frequently assessed in human observational studies using various morningness–eveningness questionnaires. An alternative single‐item chronotype question has been proposed for its ...reduced administration time and its accessibility to all types of populations. We investigated whether this single‐item chronotype is associated with dim light melatonin onset, the “gold standard” for estimating the endogenous circadian phase. We used data from a randomised trial in 166 (non‐)Hodgkin lymphoma survivors with cancer‐related fatigue. All participants completed a questionnaire, including a single‐item chronotype question. A subsample of 47 participants also provided saliva samples before sleep onset for melatonin measurement. Using multiple linear regression, we examined whether chronotype based on a single question was associated with dim light melatonin onset. The subsample of 47 participants had a mean age of 44.6 years. The mean (SD) dim light melatonin onset was at 8:42 (1:19) p.m. and the most common chronotype was more evening than morning person (29.2%). A gradual increase in dim light melatonin onset with later chronotype (i.e. evening preference) was observed, with a mean ranging from 7:45 p.m. in definite morning persons to 9:16 p.m. in definite evening persons. Our study shows that single‐item chronotype is associated with dim light melatonin onset as a marker of the endogenous circadian phase of fatigued lymphoma survivors. This type of chronotype assessment can therefore be a useful alternative for more extensive morningness–eveningness questionnaires.
Research over the past century indicates that the daily timing of physical activity impacts on both immediate performance and long-term training efficacy. Recently, several molecular connections ...between circadian clocks and exercise physiology have been identified. Circadian clocks are protein-based oscillators that enable anticipation of daily environmental cycles. Cell-autonomous clocks are present in almost all cells of the body, and their timing is set by a variety of internal and external signals, including hormones and dietary intake. Improved understanding of the relationship between molecular clocks and exercise will benefit professional athletes and public health guidelines for the general population. We discuss here the role of circadian clocks in exercise, and explore time-of-day effects and the proposed molecular and physiological mechanisms.
Exercise performance is subject to diurnal variation, with peak capacity generally occurring towards the late afternoon or early evening. However, this can be modified by training habits and by the inherent chronotype of each individual.Time-of-day-dependent differences in exercise capacity are associated with diurnal oscillations in core body temperature, cardiorespiratory responses, muscle mechanics, and tissue metabolism.The muscle-specific circadian clock is emerging as an integral mediator of exercise adaptations.Nuclear receptors are based at the crossroads of metabolism and the circadian system; they may become an important consideration for exercise-based interventions and a promising target for chronotherapeutics.
Anthropometric characteristics in a subject are a good indication of their body-weight status and diagnosis of overweight and obesity. O and O multifactorial, so today the curiosity arises to ...investigate new risk factors that predispose to increased body weight, including chronotype. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anthropometric characteristics and caloric intake according to the chronotype in sick Ecuadorian adults. This cross-sectional study consisted of 400 men and women aged between 18 and 63 years, who were hospitalized at the Enrique Garcés General Hospital in the city of Quito. Anthropometric measurements were taken using ISAK techniques. Calorie intake was measured by a 24-hour recall and food frequency, and the Horne and Osttberg questionnaire was applied to measure the chronotype of the subjects. Statistical analyses were performed in R and R studio software. The study subjects were classified into 4 groups depending on their chronotype: moderate morning, extreme morning, intermediate, and moderate evening. It was observed that moderate evening subjects had higher values of body weight, high waist circumference, high triceps skinfold, high percentage of fat mass, visceral fat, and caloric intake than the other groups (p < 0.05). Evening chronotype appears to be related to overweight and obesity and caloric intake. Keywords: chronotype, overweight, anthropometry. Resumen Las características antropométricas en un sujeto son una buena indicación de su estado de peso corporal y diagnóstico de sobrepeso y obesidad. O y O multifactoriales, por lo que en la actualidad surge la curiosidad de investigar nuevos factores de riesgo que predispongan al aumento de peso corporal, entre ellos el cronotipo. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las características antropométricas y el consumo calórico según el cronotipo en adultos ecuatorianos enfermos. En este estudio transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 400 hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 63 años de edad que se encontraban hospitalizados en el Hospital General Enrique Garcés de la ciudad de Quito. Las medidas antropométricas se tomaron mediante técnicas ISAK. La ingesta de calorías se midió mediante un recordatorio de 24 horas y la frecuencia de los alimentos. Y se aplicó el cuestionario de Horne y Osttberg para medir el cronotipo de los sujetos. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron en el software R y R studio. Los sujetos de estudio se clasificaron en 4 grupos según su cronotipo: Moderado matutino, extremo matutino, intermedio y moderado vespertino. Se observó que los sujetos vespertinos moderados tenían valores más altos de peso corporal, circunferencia de cintura alta, pliegue cutáneo tricipital alto, porcentaje alto de masa grasa, grasa visceral e ingesta calórica que los demás grupos (p<0,05). El cronotipo vespertino parece estar relacionado con el sobrepeso y la obesidad y la ingesta calórica. Palabras Clave: cronotipo, sobrepeso, antropometría.
•The majority of epileptic patients displayed an intermediate chronotype.•Adults with epilepsy seem to be more morning-oriented overall.•Adults with generalized epilepsy seem to be more ...evening-oriented.•The importance of chronotype in tailoring epilepsy treatment becomes evident.
Chronotype, which captures a person’s daily preferences for activity and sleep, is still a poorly researched area in epilepsy research. Finding common chronotype characteristics in people with epilepsy (PWE) and explaining possible effects on seizure management are the main goals.
Eleven large-scale investigations from 2010 to 2023 were examined in this scoping review. These studies included 1.167 PWE and 4.657 control subjects.
PWE had intermediate chronotypes more often than not. Adult patients were more morning-oriented overall, while pediatric cohorts were variable. Relationships between chronotype and seizure control were limited since only two studies in adults reported this and those results conflicted. An evening-type chronotype was found to be more common in generalized epilepsy than focal. The relationship of chronotype and specific antiseizure medication (ASM) therapy was not investigated.
The majority of PWE displayed an intermediate chronotype, but analyses based on age showed more nuanced trends, with children displaying variable patterns, adults generally tending toward morningness, and generalized epilepsy being associated with eveningness. This review underscores the importance of more research on the complex connections between epilepsy outcomes and chronotype. It emphasizes the need to study larger samples of PWE with carefully documented seizure control and ASM therapy, including dose and timing of administration to better understand the role of chronotype on epilepsy outcomes.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of the circadian timing program (SİZAP) developed for evening-chronotype individuals with obesity on obesity management and sleep quality.
This single-site, ...randomized controlled trial with an experimental research design was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. It was reported in accordance with the “Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials” (CONSORT) randomized controlled trial guidelines. The study sample consisted of 38 evening-chronotype individuals with first-degree obesity, with 19 individuals in each study group. The intervention group's sleep hygiene training was conducted and their lifestyle changes were ensured through SİZAP. The control group followed their normal daily lifestyle. No intervention was made in terms of the dietary practices of both groups. Study data were collected using the personal information form, the anthropometric measurement form, the Horne and Ostberg Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ), the Impact of weight on quality of life–lite (IWQOL-lite), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the sleep diary, and the data tracked via the website and smart bracelets.
It was determined that the participants in the SİZAP group had a statistically significant decrease in the anthropometric measurements and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.05). The sleep quality scores and the scores of the bodily functions sub-dimension of the quality of life scale were significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05).
It was found that SİZAP is effective in obesity management in evening-chronotype individuals and increases weight loss success and sleep quality.
•Circadian misalignment and late timing of food intake reduce weight loss success.•Evening-chronotype individuals with obesity are less successful in adapting to weight loss treatments.•Circadian timing program according to chronotypes can be applied in obesity management.•Circadian timing program support weight loss in evening-chronotype individuals with obesity.•Circadian timing program contribute to improvement of sleep quality in evening-chronotype individuals with obesity.
The timing of energy intake Muscogiuri, Giovanna
Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
83, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The aim of the paper is to review the current evidence on the impact of 'the timing of energy intake' on the risk of developing obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. The prevalence of ...obesity is currently increasing worldwide thus becoming a severe health burden for most countries. Indeed, obesity represents a risk factor for several non-communicable diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, CVD and overall mortality. In order to treat obesity, several pharmacological approaches have been developed and are indicated for subjects with obesity with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m
or ≥ 27 kg/m
and obesity-related comorbidities. For severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m
), bariatric surgery represents a promising approach. The most common bariatric surgical procedures are represented by the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic adjustable band, laparoscopic gastric sleeve and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Both anti-obesity pharmacological and surgical treatments require change in lifestyle. When a nutritional plan is established, attention is usually paid to macronutrient composition and energy intake, while 'the time of food' is not taken into account. Chronotype, which is the attitude of a subject to carry out most of their daily activities in the first (morning chronotype) or second half (evening chronotype) of the day, has been reported to have a role in the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases as well as eating speed. Thus, adopting a physiological timing of energy intake could be an additional strategy to potentiate the current anti-obesity approaches.
Consumption of foods with high glycaemic index (GI) can cause hyperglycemia, thus increasing postprandial hunger. Since circadian rhythm differs inter-individually, we describe glucose dips after ...breakfast/dinner with high/medium estimated meal GI among students with early (n = 22) and late chronotype (n = 23) and examine their relation to the feeling of hunger in a secondary analysis of a randomized cross-over nutrition trial. Glucose dips reflect the difference between the lowest glucose value recorded 2–3 h postprandially and baseline, presented as percentage of average baseline level. Associations between glucose dips and the feeling of hunger were analyzed using multilevel linear models. Glucose dips were lower after medium GI meals than after high GI meals among both chronotype groups (p = 0.03). Among early chronotypes, but not among late chronotypes, glucose dip values were lower after breakfast than after dinner (−4.9 % vs. 5.5 %, p = 0.001). Hunger increased throughout the day among both chronotypes but glucose dips were not related to the feeling of hunger at the meal following breakfast. Interestingly, lower glucose dip values 2–3 h postprandially occurred particularly after medium GI meals and were seen after breakfast among early chronotypes. These glucose dips did not predict hunger at meals after breakfast.
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