Važnost cinka u gnojidbi vinove loze Gluhić, David; Deklić, David
Glasnik Zaštite Bilja,
06/2018, Letnik:
41, Številka:
3
Paper, Journal Article
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Cink je esencijalni biljni hranjivi element s vrlo opsežnom i značajnom ulogom. Uključen je u više metabolitičkih procesa i sudjeluje u razvoju reproduktivnih dijelova vinove loze. Količina cinka u ...biljci je niska, te se značajno razlikuje između pojedinih biljnih vrsta. Kod vinove loze, optimalna opskrbljenost cinkom u listu kreće se u rasponu od 25-150 mg kg-1. Nedostatak cinka najčešći je na tlima s pH 7.0-8.0, a u slučaju karbonatnih tala nedostatak cinka često je povezan s nedostatkom željeza (‘vapnena kloroza’). Gnojiva na bazi cinka sadrže različite vrijednosti cinka ovisno o njegovom obliku u gnojivu. Postojei nekoliko najznačajnijih kemijskih oblika cinka od kojih ćemo spomenuti cink-oksid, cink-helat, cink-sulfat i cink-fosfit. Svaki od njih ciljano se koristi za rješavanje određenih nedostataka ili potiče razvoj metabolizma vinove loze. Prema rezultatima istraživanja većine autora vidljivo je da u većini vinogradarskih tala nedostaje cinka, te se preporuča dodatna gnojidba vinove loze. Ovisno o stanju cinka u tlu, gnojidba se može provesti preko lista (kod manjih nedostataka cinka) ili u kombinaciji tlo-folijarna gnojidba (kod većih nedostataka cinka), upotrebom različitih gnojiva na bazi cinka. Na taj način može se postići dobra opskrbljenost vinove loze cinkom te ujednačen rast i razvoj vinove loze tijekom vegetacije.
Svrha: Iz postojeće literature poznato je da metalni ioni iz ortodontskih naprava mogu korodirati zbog djelovanja sline i bakterija u usnoj šupljini. Rezultati većine studija upućuju na to da se ...razina nikla i kroma u slini ne povisuje nakon postavljanja ortodontskih naprava. No nema istraživanja o razini titanija, kobalta, bakra i cinka u slini ortodontskih pacijenata. Ispitanici i postupci: Razina nikla (Ni), titanija (Ti), kroma (Cr), kobalta (Co), bakra (Cu) i cinka (Zn) mjerena je u slini četrdeset i dvoje pacijenta s keramičkim metalnim bravicama i isto toliko njih s konvencionalnima i to prije postavljanja ortodontskih naprava s pomoću induktivne spregnute plazme/masene spektrometrije i šest mjeseci poslije toga. U statističkoj analizi korištena su dva testa – Wilcoxonov signed rank i Mann-Whitneyev s razinom značajnosti od 0,05. Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali da se razina titana u slini povisila šest mjeseci nakon postavljanja ortodontskih naprava. Razina kroma i cinka, pak, značajno se snizila nakon postavljanja ortodonskih naprava. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u razini nikla, titanija, kroma, bakra, kobalta i cinka u slini između pacijenata s metalnim i keramičkim ortotontskim
bravicama. Zaključak: Možemo zaključiti da se razina titanija u slini značajno povisila šest mjeseci nakon postavljanja ortodontskih naprava za razliku od razine kroma i cinka koja se značajno snizila šest mjeseci poslije njihova postavljanja, bez obzira na vrstu korištenih bravica.
This article deals with hydrometallurgical treatment with the subsequent precipitation of zinc from hazardous waste Sal- Ammoniac Skimming produced in wet hot-dip galvanizing process. Chemical ...analysis showed that skimming contained 46.64% Zn. X-ray diffraction analysis identified the Zn(OH)Cl phase (96.36%) and NH4Cl (3.64%) in Sal-Ammoniac Skimming. The skimming was first subjected to leaching in order to extract zinc into the solution containing HCl, followed by precipitation of the zinc. The experiments were performed in a medium of HCl at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2M. Complete dissolution of zinc was achieved in 0.5M HCl solution, at 40?C, L:S=20, max. 30 min. The apparent activation energy of leaching reaction by hydrochloric acid solution was Ea=5.543 kJ mol-1. Zn precipitation was carried out using Na2CO3 and NaOH. Zinc oxide with a purity of about 99% was obtained directly from the solution of 6M NaOH at a temperature of 60?C ? 80?Cat pH 8.8.
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Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems Authentication and Key Agreement (UMTS-AKA) protocol is an enhanced Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol of Global System for Mobile (GSM) ...communications. The UMTS-AKA has weaknesses in bandwidth consumption, authentication message overhead and mutual authentication. This paper analyzes UMTS-AKA protocol and proposes a new Enhanced Secured Universal Mobile Telecommunication System Authentication and Key Agreement (ESUMTS-AKA) protocol with additional security features. All the messages exchanged between different entities with International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) are encrypted so that it would be less vulnerable to attacks. Private keys and public keys of different entities are used during encryption of messages. A temporary key in the proposed ESUMTS-AKA protocol reduces the bandwidth consumption between different entities. The computation of hash functions in Home Network (HN) decreases by increasing the hash functions generated in Serving Network (SN). The proposed ESUMTS-AKA protocol is more secured due to Combined Cipher Key (CCiK) and Combined Integrity Key (CInK). Analysis and simulated results prove that the proposed ESUMTS-AKA protocol is more enhanced and highly protected.
Pyrogallol-type phenolic compounds are widespread in nature and may have significant impact on human health. As Zn(II) ion was proved to be capable of enhancing some biological activities of ...pyrogallol-type natural phenolic compounds, we decided to study its influence on the autoxidation of pyrogallol and gallic acid in weakly acidic aqueous solutions.
UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements showed that autoxidation of pyrogallol was initiated by the influence of Zn(II) ions at pH 5.5 and pH 6.5. The differences in UV-Vis spectra of the first autoxidation products resolved by the application of multivariate curve resolution - alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method indicated that pH change also changed the mechanism of autoxidation process. Formation of stable Zn(II) ion spin stabilized free radical obtained during the autoxidation of pyrogallol at pH 6.5 was confirmed by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and its structure was determined. Both UV-Vis spectrophotometric and ESR spectroscopic measurements did not give any evidence that gallic acid autoxidation was initiated by the influence of Zn(II) ions in weakly acidic aqueous solutions.
The results of this study may be used for explaining possible differences in the Zn(II) ion influence on various biological activities of pyrogallol-type phenolic compounds containing simple pyrogallol moiety and the ones containing gallate moiety as a part of the molecule
Fenolna jedinjenja sa strukturom pirogalola su široko rasprostranjena u prirodi i mogu da imaju značajan uticaj na ljudsko zdravlje. Kako je pokazano da Zn(II) jon ima sposobnost da pojačava neke biološke aktivnosti prirodnih fenolnih jedinjenja sa strukturom pirogalola, odlučili smo da ispitamo njegov uticaj na autooksidaciju pirogalola i galne kiseline u slabo kiselim vodenim rastvorima.
UV-Vis spektrofotometrijska merenja su pokazala da prisustvo Zn(II) jona inicira autooksidaciju piroglola na pH 5,5 i pH 6,5. Razlike u UV-Vis spektrima koji su dobijeni hemometrijskom obradom spektrofotometrijskih podataka metodom MCR-ALS za prve proizvode autooksidacije ukazuju da promena pH vrednosti dovodi i do promene mehanizma autooksidacije. Formiranje slobodnog radikala, koji je stabilisan prisustvom Zn(II) jona, potvrđeno je metodom elektronske spinske rezonance (ESR) i određena je njegova struktura. Obe primenjene metode nisu pokazale da prisustvo Zn(II) jona inicira autooksidaciju galne kiseline u slabo kiselim vodenim rastvorima.
Rezultati ovog ispitivanja mogu se koristiti za objašnjenje mogućih razlika u uticaju Zn(II) jona na biološku aktivnost fenolnih jedinjenja pirogalolske strukture koja imaju samo jednostavne strukturne jedinice pirogalola i onih koje u molekulu sadrže ostatke galne kiseline
Currently, the commercial antimony metallurgy is mainly based on pyrometallurgical processes and oxidative volatilization of Sb2S3 is an essential step. This step includes the problems of high energy ...consumption and low concentration of SO2 pollution. Aiming at these problems, we present a new method of sulfur-fixing roasting of antimony sulfide. This method uses ZnO as a sulfur-fixing agent, and roasting with Sb2S3 was carried out at 673 K~1073 K to produce Sb2O3 and ZnS. By calculating the thermodynamics of the reactions, we can conclude that the Gibbs Free Energy Change (?G?) of roasting reaction is below -60 kJ/mol and the predominance areas of Sb2O3 and ZnS are wide and right shifting with the temperature increase, which all indicates that this method is theoretically feasible. The reacted products between Sb2S3 and ZnO indicated that the reaction began at 773 K and finished approximately at 973K. We used the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger and Coats-Redfern method to calculate the kinetics of the roasting reaction. The conclusion is as follows: The average values of apparent activation energy (E) and natural logarithmic frequency factor (lnA) calculated by Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger and Coats-Redfern were 189.72 kJ?mol-1 and 35.29 s-1, respectively. The mechanism of this reaction was phase boundary reaction model. The kinetic equation is shown as follow, where ? represents reaction fraction: 1-(1-?)1/3 = 2.12 x1015 exp(-1.90x105/RT) t.
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