Objetivo: apresentar bases para segmentação de mercado e diferenciação de produtos de logística reversa para o e-commerce, analisando os resultados à luz dos benefícios estabelecidos não apenas nas ...relações B2B, mas também considerando o ‘cliente do cliente’.Metodologia/abordagem: Pesquisa de natureza aplicada com abordagem qualitativa. Coletou-se dados dos demandantes (e-commerces), ofertantes (transportadores) e consumidores finais, analisados com as técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo e de Agrupamentos.Principais resultados: Os atributos Capilaridade, Prazos Variados, Full Service, Flexibilidade e Informação podem ser considerados bases para executar estratégias de segmentação de mercados e diferenciação de ofertas de logística reversa para e-commerces. Os atributos Informação, Flexibilidade e Full Service apresentaram maior volume de motivações para reclamação entre consumidores finais.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: As bases para a segmentação do mercado de logística reversa, quando fundamentadas em benefícios estabelecidos não apenas nas relações B2B, mas também no consumidor final – B2B2C, sugere que a abordagem conceitual de segmentação B2B2C (Brotspies Weinstein, 2017) encontra evidências no ambiente logístico.Relevância/originalidade: O estudo apresenta evidências inéditas relativas à abordagem conceitual de segmentação B2B2C no mercado de e-commerce brasileiro, onde tradicionalmente os estudos focam em apenas um lado da cadeia (B2B ou B2C), não realizando conexões na cadeia de relacionamento ampliada (B2B2C).Implicações para a gestão ou sociais: Os atributos Capilaridade, Prazos Variados, Full Service, Flexibilidade e Informação colaboram com a ampliação do escopo de estratégias de segmentação de mercados e diferenciação de ofertas do B2B para o B2B2C.
In a circular economy model the way we use the textiles needs to change at a fundamental level. A circular economy is an alternative to a traditional economy (fabrication, use and dispose) in which ...we keep resources in a loop for as much time as possible, try to maintain their value while in use, and repurpose for generation of new products at the end of utilization. The value of the global fashion industry is 3000 Billion dollars that accounts for more than 2% of the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (https://fashionunited.com/global-fashion-industry-statistics/). In the last two decades not only the textile industry has doubled the production but also an average global annual consumption of textiles has doubled from 7 to 13 kg per person and reached to the threshold of 100 million tonnes of textiles consumption. More than two thirds of the textile goes to landfill at the end of their use and just around 15% is recycled. Various scientific studies confirm that the disposal nature of fast fashion and throwaway culture is resulting in a serious environmental, health, social and economic concern. One of the global environmental challenges arising from micro-plastic and micro-textile waste entering into the oceans that can end up in fish and eventually food chain. Herein, through a systematic literature review, the significance of circular fashion and textile is highlighted and various approaches for reuse, recycle and repurposing of the textiles waste as well as disruptive scientific breakthroughs, innovations and strategies towards a circular textile economy have been discussed. Looking into the future, remarks have been made in regards to tackling the key challenges in recycling of textile materials in different stages of their manufacturing process.
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•Why circular fashion and textile industry is important?•Reuse, recycle and repurposing methods of textile waste•12 principles of circular economy in fashion industry•Cleaner Production Scenario and Fashion Foresight
This work aims to study the catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene (PS) in order to obtain a styrene-rich liquid appealing for re-polymerisation processes. The process was performed in a fixed-bed ...reactor using low-cost materials such as ilmenite, olivine, calcium oxide (CaO) and dolomite as catalysts at 600 ºC. A non-catalytic test with sand was also conducted for comparison purposes. The resulting pyro-oil yield was between 89 and 96 wt%, and consisted mainly of styrene monomer, styrene dimer and styrene trimer, as well as other light aromatic compounds depending on the catalyst used. Olivine and CaO were capable to increase the styrene monomer concentration in the pyro-oil by about 10–12 % compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, reaching up to 74.5 and 71.4 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, these catalysts reduced the concentration of styrene dimer and styrene trimer in the pyro-oil, which could be useful for further re-polymerisation processes. However, the presence of polyaromatics (PAHs) in the pyro-oils obtained from ilmenite, olivine and CaO was also identified, and other families such as mono-aromatics, di-aromatics, BTX, and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds were also increased in all pyro-oils obtained with catalysts compared to those obtained by non-catalytic pyrolysis. In addition, several inorganic species in the pyro-oil were reduced by the addition of the catalysts. This effect was observed after the addition of olivine and CaO, especially in the reduction of S, Mg, Ca and Fe. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of pyrolysis to convert PS waste into valuable building blocks for the production of new plastics.
•Catalytic pyrolysis of PS was successfully conducted in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor.•CaO and Olivine increased the styrene monomer concentration in the pyro-oil.•Several metallic species in the pyro-oil were reduced by the addition of catalysts.•A reduction of the S, Mg, Ca and Fe in comparison with thermal pyrolysis was achieved.•A useful database to be used as a basis for further pyrolysis tests was presented.
Thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis and gasification are excellent platforms for recycling and valorisation of agriculture, municipal and mining waste. The advancement of these processes ...involves successfully navigating and resolving intricate challenges, and saving significant effort and time. Considerable efforts have been made to formulate methodologies for computer-assisted modelling of thermochemical conversion processes. These efforts aim to pinpoint optimal operational parameters that enhance performance, reduce costs, and promote environmental sustainability. This study provides a comprehensive review of the contemporary advancements in modelling the thermochemical conversion of waste materials. Special attention is directed towards the recent progressions in chemical process modelling, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Machine Learning (ML) models. The merits of each modelling technique are individually underscored, while certain limitations and bottlenecks within existing models are pinpointed as areas warranting further investigation. Through the integration of advanced modelling approaches, the future outlook of waste recycling targets achieving high efficiency and sustainability, addressing the escalating challenges posed by burgeoning global waste streams.
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•Comprehensive review of advancements in thermochemical process modelling.•Examination of pyrolysis and gasification for waste recycling.•Description of applications of Aspen Plus, CFD, and ML in process modelling.•Identification of current limitations and areas for further research.•Discussion of high efficiency and sustainability in waste conversion.
By expanding the scope of sustainability to the entire lifecycle of chemical products, the concept of circular chemistry aims to replace today’s linear ‘take–make–dispose’ approach with circular ...processes. This will optimize resource efficiency across chemical value chains and enable a closed-loop, waste-free chemical industry.
PurposeMost companies include a commitment for sustainable growth involving a switch towards the circular economy (CE) model. The purpose of this paper is to present barriers to CE adoption ...identified by a literature review. The paper also addresses the particular challenges faced by manufacturers by answering the research question: What are the dominant barriers faced by the manufacturing industry in moving towards a CE?Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a literature review of research identifying barriers for adopting to CE in the manufacturing sector. The literature review is followed by a case study identifying barriers to CE as seen by ten companies within manufacturing, including the GS1 global information standardisation agency used by all manufacturers.FindingsThe manufacturers investigated focus mostly on recycling and waste reduction. These policies have low or very low CE effect. High CE effect policies like maintenance and reuse targeting the CE ideal of no waste, are nearly non-existent. The results identified seven main barriers to the CE: (1) high start-up costs, (2) complex supply chains, (3) challenging business-to-business (B2B) cooperation, (4) lack of information on product design and production, (5) lack of technical skills, (6) quality compromise and (7) disassembly of products is time-consuming and expensive.Research limitations/implicationsThe data come from participants in a single country, Norway, although the manufacturers are multinational companies adhering to enterprise policies.Practical implicationsThis research shows that all the companies interviewed are well aware of the growing need for their company to move towards more sustainable operations involving CE concepts. The barriers identified are explored, and the findings could guide such companies in their efforts to move to maintenance, reuse, remanufacture and recycle (M+3R) operational model.Social implicationsThe study has found that the major barriers for implementation of CE are quality issues in recycled materials, supply chain complexities, coordination problems between companies, design and production of the product, disassembly of products and high start-up/ investment costs.Originality/valueThe research shows how the transition towards a CE takes place in manufacturing industries by studying the manufacturing sector.
In recent decades, attention to environmental resource management has increased worldwide. Circular economy (CE) is a concept that is increasingly being considered as a solution to this range of ...challenges. Therefore, it is important to monitor the development of CE. This research is an attempt to contribute to the CE surveillance literature by providing a framework for comparing the positions of states and their classifications. The main goal of the article is to assess the level of circular economy development in EU countries according to the chosen methodology. The indicators used in this study are sourced from the European Commission Monitoring Framework database, which includes data from 27 European Union (EU) countries over the time frame from 2016 to 2020. The analysis was carried out using Multi-Criteria Decision Methods (MCDM), such as Simple Additive Weighing (SAW), and the objective method of estimating weights in accordance with proportional differences (APROD), which helped to assess the state of CE. The results showed that EU countries can be divided into three groups based on the level of performance of the CE, and their level of development in relation to the circular economy is different. The level of circular economy development in most EU countries is low. Germany, the Netherlands, France, and Italy demonstrated the best positions. The study findings were derived from the combination of two MCDMs, thus increasing the refinement of the overall methodology. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-013 Full Text: PDF
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