TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) study shows that Indonesia's mathematical problem-solving ability scores are below the average. This study aims to identify math problems ...in the 2013 grade VII curriculum students' books for even semesters based on the cognitive dimensions of TIMSS. This research is library research using a qualitative approach. The instrument in this study uses analytical guidelines based on the cognitive dimensions of the 2015 TIMSS, which consists of three domains, namely knowledge (knowing 35%), application (applying 40%), and reasoning (reasoning 25%). The results of the identification of 150 questions in which were identified obtained the level of the proportion of cognitive domains by the proportions tested in the TIMSS. The questions in the book have provided provisions for preparing and empowering students' thinking development to solve mathematical problems. Abstrak: TIMSS (Trends in Internasional Mathematics and Science Study) menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa Indonesia masih berada di bawah rata-rata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi soal matematika dalam buku siswa kurikulum 2013 kelas VII semester genap berdasarkan dimensi kognitif dari TIMSS. Penelitian ini bersifat kepustakaan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pedoman analisis berdasarkan dimensi kognitif dari TIMSS 2015 yang terdiri atas tiga domain yaitu pengetahuan (knowing 35%), penerapan (applying 40%), dan penalaran (reasoning 25%). Hasil identifikasi dari 150 soal diperoleh tingkat proporsi domain kognitifnya sesuai dengan proporsi yang diuji dalam TIMSS. Soal-soal dalam buku tersebut sudah mampu memberikan bekal dalam mempersiapkan dan memberdayakan tingkat perkembangan berpikir siswa untuk memecahkan masalah matematika.
The objective of this article was to evaluate the level of environmental awareness of university students in a peripheral region of southern Colombia. Environmental awareness was approached as a ...multidimensional variable consisting of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral dimensions. The study was quantitative, approached from the deductive method and descriptive type. The study population corresponded to young university students, and a non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. For the environmental awareness variable, an instrument was developed with a Likert-type scale based on multiple research studies. The sample consisted of 527 university students. The reliability of the study was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability, while validity was analyzed with mean variance explained and confirmatory factor analysis, being in all cases satisfactory. As a result, modest levels of environmental awareness were evidenced in all dimensions, which is particularly worrying as most of the young people surveyed were between 18 and 25 years old, indicating low interest, knowledge, and availability for environmental issues among future professionals of the South Colombian region. The results were in line with certain results found in similar research reported in the literature. Nevertheless, the situation is worrisome because young students are the new generation of citizens. Acknowledgment This article was written within the framework of the Special Cooperation Agreement No. 230 of 2023 signed between the Universidad Surcolombiana and the Corporación Autónoma Regional del Alto Magdalena CAM in the project “Implementation of the SENDICAM Science Center as a strategy for the recognition, conservation and social appropriation of the natural heritage in the central and southern area of the department of Huila” BPIN 2021000100425.
The purpose of this article is to examine the influence of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) on the probability of becoming an entrepreneur. The main findings ...demonstrate, through logistic regression, that a favourable regulative dimension (fewer procedures to start a business), normative dimension (higher media attention for new business) and cultural-cognitive dimension (better entrepreneurial skills, less fear of business failure and better knowing of entrepreneurs) increase the probability of being an entrepreneur. Data were obtained from both the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the International Institute for Management and Development for the year 2008, considering a sample of 30 countries and 36,525 individuals. The study advances the literature by providing new information on the environmental factors that affect entrepreneurial activity in the light of institutional economics. Also, the research could be useful for designing policies to foster entrepreneurship in different environments.
This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of structures, rational and cognitive dimensions of social capital on lecturers’ performance. It employs a quantitative approach to research within ...the ex post facto design. The sample of the study was 67 respondents from Patompo University. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentations. Data analysis was carried out through analytical activities, which includes prerequisite test analysis and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that: 1) overall, structural dimension of social capital, rational dimension of social capital, and cognitive dimension of social capital have a positive and significant effect on the lecturer performance; 2) structural dimension of social capital have a positive and significant effect on the lecturer performance; 3) rational dimension of social capital have a positive and significant effect on the lecturer performance; and 4) cognitive dimension of social capital have a positive and significant effect on the lecturer performance. This finding becomes an input for higher education leaders to better understand and provide with insights into which social dimension can affect the performance of lecturers by considering school backgrounds, increasing the lecturer participation thorugh reward system and appropriate performance evaluation models.
The notion of “agent bookkeeping” was proposed when the “Accounting Law of the People’s Republic of China” was updated in 1993. Since their business is specialized in serving small and ...micro-enterprises, this has created the industry characteristic of generally small in the size of company and low in the salary of employees in Chinese agent bookkeeping companies. Such characteristic results in a series of problems including negative work attitude of employees in the development process, which seriously limit the development of Chinese agent bookkeeping companies. However, issues occurred in the development of agent bookkeeping, such as negative employee attitudes, which severely hampered the growth of Chinese agent bookkeeping companies. Therefore, a model of three dimensions of work attitude has been set up in this paper to demonstrate the working attitude of the staff of the agent bookkeeping companies in China’s Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, including emotional dimension, behavioral dimension, and cognitive dimension which consists of eight factors: work environment, career satisfaction, interpersonal relationship, role engagement, work vitality, responsibility attitude, emotional identity, and retention attitude. The result indicates that (1) female employees outnumber male ones in agent bookkeeping companies, (2) most employees have a low sense of belonging to the company, (3) limited career development affects employees’ enthusiasm for work, (4) work attitudes are influenced by mediocre work performance among employees with a graduate degree or higher.
IntroductionThe semantic approach of discourse to reach semantic levels could be considered as a scientific and reliable method that gives new and remarkable findings through sentences, phrases, and ...finally the literary text, which is important from the point of view of literary research and provides a suitable context. It also provides a suitable context for linguistics and sociology of discourse on literary works. In terms of modern semantics, signs produce meaning in a process system. As such, sign-semantics is a term that shows the goals better.Regarding the choice of semantic approach to discourse, one should pay attention to the importance of the position of the satirist and the audience. It is necessary to make points about discourse and semantics. The concept of discourse, like concepts such as communication, interaction, society, and culture, is a concept for which there is no single definition, but common points can be found in the definitions of experts. Discourse is a form of language use, according to components such as who uses language, how, why, and when language is used. In this regard, three main dimensions are introduced: 1) the use of language, 2) communication between beliefs (cognition), and 3) interaction in social situations.Abolqasem Halat (1919-1992) was one of the most prolific and famous political satirists in the contemporary era. He was at the top of his field considering the diversity and multiplicity of his poems. Between his poetic works, three exclusively satiric books named Abol-eynak, Shookh, and Bantam were published in the time of the Pahlavi dynasty. In these books, Halat portrayed the political and social corruption of his own era with a critical view and in a plain and sarcastic tone. So far, there has been no research on Abolqasem Halat’s sonnets in the discourse system. Therefore, it is believed that the upcoming research is a novel study in this regard. The approach of sign-semantics is a new topic in the science of semiotics, which has been paid attention to by linguists and semioticians such as Grimas, Fontaine, Kurtz, and others in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the satirical poems of Abolghasem Halat using the semantic discourse approach. Materials and MethodsThe present descriptive-analytical study, first, deals with the lyric poems of the state based on the mentioned theory based on extracting the theoretical foundations of Garmas. In each section, according to the appropriateness of the subject processes, tables and diagrams were presented to make the concepts more objective. It should be noted that the selection of examples is random. Based on the purpose, the following hypotheses have been made: 1) Discourse in the works of Halat has caused the creation of an ‘open semantic system’; 2) he, in the introduction of the point of view, uses the technique of ‘perspective’ in order to organize the narrative information. DiscussionThe discourse of meaning is a new approach in literature and linguistics that, by being influenced by data related to the science of phenomenology, opens a new window in the study of semiotics. In this approach, the sign of meanings appears under the supervision of the discourse process, and in interaction with each other, it becomes fluid, dynamic, multiple, multidimensional, and tense. Abolghasem Halat's poems, due to their emotional nature, have a good potential for semantic studies.In general, “the knowledge of semiotics examines the types of signs, the factors present in the process of production and exchange and their interpretation, as well as the rules governing signs. Semiotics involves the study of the construction and formation of signs, allusions, significations, naming, analogies, allegories, metaphors, and communication codes. Signs are categorized based on the method or codes used to convey them, which can be specific sounds, alphabetic symbols, visual symbols, body movements, or even wearing special clothing. In order to convey the message, each of them must first be accepted by a group or community of people as a carrier of a special meaning” (Sojoudi, 2011, p. 128).The present study shows the appearance of meaning and the type of feeling and perception of the poet in dealing with the subject.Besides, the more hidden layers of meaning are expanded in the reader with the help of this method to get a better understanding of the effect. ConclusionThe lyric of Abolghasem's songs ‘Your Song’ and ‘Depressed Heart’ is in the perceptual, emotional, and aesthetic senses. In the analysis of these two sonnets, we are faced with a perceptual sensory discourse that the flow of meaning production in these poems is fluid, dynamic, and open. The purposefulness of discourses is formed when the narrator targets the grief of losing a loved one and takes a position about it. In light of the poet's feelings, new meanings emerge from the cognitive position of loneliness and the absence of the beloved. This regret culminates during the discourse due to the cage of the beloved's house, the grief of his house, the stranger chicken being the narrator, and the discourse towards a certain meaning. In the light of the poet's worldview and the way he feels, the way to get rid of the night is to compose and speak. With the help of discourse processes in the lyric of ‘Your Song’, the poet's feeling and perception in the face of external phenomena is expanded in front of his eyes and the poet's feeling and perception directs the discourse. The poet has composed under the influence of the absence of the beloved and the feeling of loneliness. Regarding the tense processes of the two discourses, it was observed that both sonnets, due to their predominant emotional subject and the lack of sensory stimuli, bear the emotional burden with the role of sensory-perceptual agents and the emotional pressure of the absence of the beloved with increasing power. The poet has an omnipresent presence in all the discourses and has distanced himself from the surface manifestations by avoiding norms.
Aim: To explore the association between alexithymia and two dimensions of major depressive disorder (MDD): cognitive and somatic-affective. Patients and methods. Unicentric, cross-sectional study ...included consecutive sample of 63 patients at the Department of Psychiatry (DoP), Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia. Target population included outpatients with diagnosed MDD (F32 and F33, according to ICD-10). Inclusion criteria were: confirmed MDD diagnosis, age between 18 and 65 years, both genders, outpatient treatment at the DoP. The main outcome was the association between alexithymia, measured by total score on 20-item Toronto-Alexithymia scale (TAS-20), with two dimensions of MDD, cognitive and somatic-affective, measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: Both dimensions of BDI-II and the total severity of MDD symptoms were statistically significantly, although low, associated with alexithymia, and the differences between these two correlations were not (statistically) significant. However, in the multivariable model, the cognitive dimension (b = 0.64; β = 0.48; p = 0.002; statistically significant at the false discovery rate of 0.05) was primarily associated with alexithymia, and the somatic-affective was not, after all cognitive aspects were controlled for (b = -0.19; β = 0-0.14; p = 0.491; not statistically significant, with the false discovery rate of 0.05). Conclusion: Alexithymia is primarily associated with a pure cognitive dimension of MDD after somatic-affective elements are excluded. Somatic-affective dimension of MDD is not associated with alexithymia after the cognitive elements were controlled for. Both dimensions, as well as the overall severity of MDD, are associated with alexithymia, but this association is relatively low.
Defined as a customer's unfavourable thoughts, emotions and behaviours towards a brand/firm, negative customer engagement is viewed as a complex construct, particularly its cognitive dimension. This ...study advances understanding of negative customer engagement through cognitive expression of customers in an emerging market. Critical Incident Technique method was employed to examine negative critical service incidents of 335 Vietnamese customers and identify their cognitive responses to these incidents. The findings reveal a range of unfavourable thoughts engaged in by customers towards the offending service provider, including a sense of injustice, incompetence, irresponsibility, distrust and cynicism. These sub-dimensions do not occur in isolation, but rather interact within a complex system. This is the first study to empirically examine the cognitive dimension of negative customer engagement based on negative critical service incidents experienced by customers in an emerging market and in a commercial service context. Negative customer engagement has adverse effects on customer well-being that may indirectly lead to an unhealthy society and a weak economy. Understanding the underlying cognitive triggers of negative customer engagement will enable managers to design service recovery strategies aimed at preventing or minimising negative customer engagement, especially for firms operating in emerging markets.
Research on the impact of the Sport Education model (SEM) in motivational terms is prolific and consistent; however, studies that jointly address the effects of the SEM on adolescents’ motivational, ...emotional, and well-being dimensions are scarce. This study aimed to examine the effect of a multi-season SEM-based program on self-determined motivation, basic psychological needs, emotional intelligence, satisfaction with life, and the intention to be physically active on physical education (PE) students during a school year. A total of 212 high school students (M = 13.88; SD = 1.68) from grades 7 and 10 (nine intact groups) participated in this study. A quasi-experimental design, with four measurements (T1, September; T2, December; T3, March; and T4, June), without a control group was carried out. The repeated measures analysis of variance, with time as within-subject factor, and both grade level and gender as between-subject factors, revealed significant effects over time on autonomy F(3, 624) = 12.413, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.056, competence F(2.78, 579.09) = 10.733, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.049, emotional control and regulation F(2.74, 569.74) = 7.045, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.033, and emotional empathy F(2.71, 563.71) = 4.248, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.007. Some interactions were also found according to grade level and gender. Between-subject multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed differences tended to progressively increase over time. Results confirm the potential of the SEM to cushion motivational decline and satisfy the basic psychological needs during adolescence. Furthermore, the SEM was shown to be a useful approach for increasing the emotional intelligence dimensions in the PE context.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop and test a cognitive dimension as a bolt-on for the German version of the EQ-5D-Y (Youth).
Methods
A literature review and six focus groups with children ...and adolescents were used to develop the cognitive dimension for the EQ-5D-Y. In a two-phase pretest, the acceptability, feasibility and performance of this dimension were assessed (phase 1: qualitative face-to-face interviews, phase 2: standard pretest in a clinical setting). In total, 280 children and adolescents participated in this study.
Results
School performance, concentration, memory and learning ability represent the most important components of cognitive functioning in children and adolescents. Hence, those components were incorporated into the cognitive dimension of the EQ-5D-Y by adding four items. For children and adolescents living with a rheumatic disorder or type 1 diabetes mellitus, the EQ-5D-Y plus a cognitive bolt-on demonstrated good acceptability, feasibility and performance. The cognitive items improved the explanatory power for the EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS). Factor analysis has shown that a reduction of the cognitive bolt-on into one or two item(s) is justifiable.
Conclusion
By enhancing the EQ-5D-Y with a cognitive bolt-on, we developed an instrument that incorporates current findings on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and is suitable for the target population. Empirical results of this study show that cognitive functioning is an important part of HRQoL assessment in children and adolescents. The inclusion of a cognitive dimension in the EQ-5D-Y improves the HRQoL measurement.
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