Rural economy problems may be approached from many perspectives. The more and more evident tendencies are represented by the diminishing of the agriculture importance within the national economy, the ...formation of the agri-food sector, the approach of the agricultural problems in terms of rural development, the integration into the E.U. and the globalization. Without underestimating these tendencies, I consider that agriculture remains a component of the national economy with a special importance, with distinctive features, the nucleus for the formation of branches and activities upstream and downstream. Even if the agriculture percentage will continue to decrease within the national production and in the population employed, its importance will not be diminished; it will increase as long as life depends on the most „primitive” source – animals and plants – namely agriculture.
This study investigates the influence of the Single Area Payment Scheme on the competitiveness of the agriculture sector in Romania. It also evaluates the impact of SAPS on farm productivity by ...examining data collected from a thorough survey of Romanian farmers. The survey employed quantitative methodologies to examine a wide array of agricultural enterprises, aiming to offer a comprehensive perspective on the impacts of SAPS. The findings provide vital insights into how SAPS influences agricultural practices and economic outcomes in Romania.
The study used statistical analysis to evaluate the impact of SAPS on important factors such as productivity, market positioning, and economic viability. It used the sample size formula n = (Z^2 * p * (1-p)) / E^2 to determine the sample size for the survey, where we estimated the proportion of the population with a certain characteristic (p) based on data collected from the Payments and Intervention Agency for Agriculture and the Z-score corresponding to the desired level of confidence. In this case, for a confidence level of 95% (Z = 1.96), a standard deviation of 0.5 and a margin of error of +/- 5% (E = 0.05), I estimated p at 0.5 (the characteristics of the researched population being quite heterogeneous, even if the size of the holding translates into the amount of the collected amount, nominal differences do not exist).
Evidence suggests that Romania possesses one of the most extensive agricultural regions inside the European Union. However, the agricultural sector is marked by a fragmented organization, consisting predominantly of small-scale farms returning poor levels of productivity.
Eco-innovation refers to developing goods, processes, and services that seek companies' sustainable positioning and permanence in an ever-evolving and demanding market. On the other hand, the cluster ...approach has proven a successful strategy for companies to accomplish eco-innovation. This paper aims to pinpoint the factors that generate economic effects on the companies of a cluster when they engage in eco-innovation activities. The study was applied to a 40-company cluster in the Colombian metalworking sector, implementing the Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) methodology, which identifies the inherent causal relationships between factors having economic impacts on the cluster's companies. Through the FsQCA analysis, we identified those factors that have significant economic effects, to which companies must give special attention to achieve benefits and reduce operative costs while complying with environmental regulations. Moreover, the necessary and sufficient conditions analysis showed different pathways to achieving such benefits. The factors found to have economic effects are the companies' capacity, market demand, and regulatory policies. Finally, the paper shows that by focusing on the correct factors and actions, the cluster approach fosters the companies' competitiveness and leads them to successfully engage in eco-innovation. Thus, this work provides companies with a roadmap to achieve eco-innovation-related results.
Innovation has a special place in the work of business organisations, regardless of their field of activity, size or market experience. Thus, whether we are looking at firms involved in the ...production of goods or the provision of services, innovation has become a buzzword that is not missing from corporate language or organisational processes. In fact, managers' concern for performance enhancement has led to the adoption and implementation of various innovative tools in certain aspects/activities in the companies they manage, tools that have a positive influence on competitiveness and organisational performance. Traditionally, innovation is approached through technical elements, and is usually associated with a new product, a new technology, which is easier to quantify/determine, as results can be observed more quickly. Business realities highlight that innovation also involves other elements that are part of a company's processes, playing at least as important a role as those strictly linked to new products/technologies, including process, organisational and marketing innovations. These contribute significantly to the way the firm streamlines its operations, improves certain processes, implements new techniques/tools that will facilitate a high level of performance. Therefore, there is a need for a broader approach to the types of innovations that are found in the work of business organisations and how they contribute beneficially to their economic progress.
Achieving the maximum productive economic efficiency to use the available resources is considered one of the most important objectives of the agricultural economic policy, and since the agricultural ...area is limited, therefore the decision to choose the appropriate crop for agriculture is subject to many considerations, perhaps the most important of which is the expected revenue of these crops, as it reflects many important factors that affect decisions farming at farms, such as prices and expected production of agricultural crops. The research problem is represented in the following question: How competitive and affect the cultivated area different crops, and do changes occur from one period to another? The research aims to compare the Competitive of the most important winter crops on agricultural land during the two periods (2014-2015), (2017-2018). The most important results were as follows: It was found that there are other factors that determine the cultivated area other than the farm prices for some crops, namely wheat, barley, onions, flax, and potatoes during the period (2014- 2015), barley, lentils, and lupine during the period (2017-2018). Low price elasticity and response was shown for chickpeas, lupine, fenugreek, tomatoes during the period (2014-2015), wheat, beans, sugar beets, persistent clover, onions, garlic, flax, tomatoes, and potatoes during the period (2017-2018). It was found that there were crops that responded more in the period (2017-2018) than the period (2014-2015), which were wheat, chickpeas, fenugreek, onions, flax, tomato and potatoes. It turns out that both chickpeas and lupine were exposed to competition from the rest of the crops during the two periods, and that wheat, broad bean, sugar beet, and flax did not compete for them in the second period, and on the other hand, clover, onions, and garlic continued to compete with other crops. Decreased Competition in the period (2017-2018) was shown in general compared to the period (2014- 2015). It was found that wheat and garlic were the most Interchangeability competitive, and tomatoes, broad bean, lentils and sugar beets were the most competitive crops of other crops, that lupine, fenugreek, and onions were the most competitive with other crops for the period (2014-2015). It was found that broad bean, clover, and clover Tahreesh were the most Interchangeability competitive, and barley, lentils, and potatoes were the most competitive crops of other crops, that flax, wheat, lupine, and tomato were the most competitive with other crops for the period (2017-2018). It shows the dynamics and instability of the agricultural map (with some being affected less) despite the convergence of periods. The research recommends, in order achieving maximum economic efficiency and production for the use of available resources, following: The agricultural policies applicable must be consistent with the changes that occur in the competitive of crops. Considerate the dynamics and instability of the agricultural map when setting agricultural policies. Factors other than prices must be used when determining the cultivated area of some crops, as a result of their lack of effect on some crops and their weak effect on others. Providing appropriate means (not necessarily financial support - Extension services, for example) to improve competition for some strategic crops.
The share of women in working population in Morocco has reduced since these last ten years, from 30% to 24%. It’s a lost for the economy of our country, above when we see the evolution of official ...laws enhancing equality between men and women, and the necessity to maintain our country with a sustainable economic growth. The strategy of development of Morocco integrate (societal) development which include sustainable development et gender approach. Firms must do their own introspection for attract and hold back women’s talents by gender mainstreaming.
The current situation of the most Romanian holdings does not allow the performance of a high-quality and competitive agricultural production on the internal market and on the external market as well ...and the provision of a decent standard of living for farmers. The overtaking of this situation supposes the conversion of the country-like family holdings into modern trading family holdings, able to induce technological progress and to valorise the natural, labour and material resources available in our country. The activity content for the formation of such holdings is represented by the enhancement of their economic capacity and of their competitional power, in concordance with the requirements of future agriculture and of Romania’s integration in the EU structures. The accomplishment of such an objective implies actions and measures of agricultural policy, correlated to each other and sustainable, which should combine the private economic interest with the national one.
The interrelation research-development-innovation has proved crucial for raising the economic competitiveness. The comparative analysis of Romania’s competitiveness in the global and European context ...highlights significant gaps as compared with advanced countries, mainly in Research & Development intensity, quality of scientific research, innovative entrepreneurship, intellectual assets. The complexity of the business environment, the increasing economic liberalization, the intensification of competition, the rapid transformations in the technological and IT field, the demographic changes, the ecological problems caused by pollution and resource depletion and last but not least, the economic and financial crisis, are elements that impose, to a certain extent, a different way of leading and governing companies. Also, the current crisis has highlighted much better the negative effects generated by the institutionalization of a system in which power and skills are decoupled from moral responsibility and in which individual and collective responsibility are no longer a defining element of the business environment.
Remaining competitive and profitable in addition to meet environmental and social demands, mandated by regulation and valued by the stakeholders, is a current challenge for companies. This scenario ...has awakened the interest of academics in the association of sustainability with organizational performance, creating models such as SEM (Sustainability Evaluation Model). This article aims to validate the practical application of SEM as useful to managerial decision-making process in a multi-case study in the factories of a Brazilian food and beverage manufacturer. Based on the TBL X BSC matrix, integrating sustainability and performance concepts, SEM has provided managers with a clear view of business units performance, naming their gaps to improve performance and enabling a classification among them. In addition, the correlation analysis allowed the company to clearly identify its differentials from competitors, which in this study was its focus on people as the basis for a competitive operation.
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