•Our study examines how managers’ characteristics influence supply chain management strategy.•Using a panel dataset of Chinese listed firms to examine the relationship.•Managerial myopia has a ...positive impact on supply chain concentration.•Offering long-term incentives to the supervisory board is an effective approach.
Managerial myopia refers to the tendency of managers to focus on short-term goals and neglect long-term value creation. Supply chain concentration, on the other hand, refers to the degree of concentration of customers and suppliers within a firm’s supply chain network. Our study examines the potential impact of short-term managerial myopia on supply chain concentration, specifically focusing on customer and supplier concentration, within the framework of upper echelons theory. Additionally, we explore the moderating role of long-term incentives for the supervisory board in this relationship. Using a panel dataset of 3,356 Chinese listed firms spanning from 2010 to 2021, we apply a two-way fixed effect model to examine the relationship between short-term managerial myopia and supply chain concentration. Our study reveals a significant positive relationship between short-term managerial myopia and customer concentration (and supplier concentration). Moreover, we find that long-term incentives for the supervisory board moderate the effects of short-term managerial myopia on supply chain concentration, highlighting their role in balancing short-term and long-term decision-making. To ensure the validity of our results, we conducted robustness checks and performed an endogeneity analysis. We contribute to the field of supply chain concentration by emphasizing the importance of managerial characteristics, specifically short-term managerial myopia, in supply chain decision-making. Additionally, our research contributes to the corporate governance literature by highlighting that long-term incentives for the supervisory board serve as an effective strategy for mitigating the influences of short-term managerial myopia on supply chain management.
In this original and controversial book, historian and philosopher Reviel Netz explores the development of a controlling and pain-inducing technology—barbed wire. Surveying its development from ...1874 to 1954, Netz describes its use to control cattle during the colonization of the American West and to control people in Nazi concentration camps and the Russian Gulag. Physical control over space was no longer symbolic after 1874.
This is a history told from the perspective of its victims. With vivid examples of the interconnectedness of humans, animals, and the environment, this dramatic account of barbed wire presents modern history through the lens of motion being prevented. Drawing together the history of humans and animals, Netz delivers a compelling new perspective on the issues of colonialism, capitalism, warfare, globalization, violence, and suffering. Theoretically sophisticated but written with a broad readership in mind, Barbed Wire calls for nothing less than a reconsideration of modernity.
This paper challenges the viewpoint that fiscal revenue concentration ratio in China is too high. First, this paper estimates China's nominal and real fiscal revenue concentration ratios at both ...budgetary and full‐calibre levels, and makes an international comparison using all available data of the IMF's GFS database for both developed and developing countries, revealing five stylised facts that expresses serious doubts about the statement that fiscal revenue concentration ratio in China is too high. Second, the paper proposes four indicators to measure asymmetric degree of China's central fiscal revenue concentration ratio and expenditure concentration ratio to identify whether fiscal revenue concentration ratio in China is too high. The results show that: (i) central fiscal revenue concentration ratio is lower and (ii) compared with asymmetric degree of China's central budgetary fiscal revenue concentration ratio and expenditure concentration ratio, asymmetric degree of China's central full‐calibre fiscal revenue concentration ratio and expenditure concentration ratio is more serious, indicating that the central full‐calibre revenue concentration ratio is much lower. Therefore, this paper not only disproves the view that China's fiscal revenue concentration ratio is too high, but also shows that China's fiscal revenue concentration ratio, especially at a full‐calibre level, is much lower. Further international comparison shows that asymmetric degree of China's central fiscal revenue concentration ratio and expenditure concentration ratio is ranked third in the world, and Chinese central government has the lowest ability to undertake full‐calibre fiscal expenditure among the world's countries. Finally, following the State Council's guidance on properly increasing central authority, the paper argues that it is necessary for the central government to improve central fiscal revenue concentration ratio, especially at the full‐calibre level.
This paper intended to investigate spatio-temporal monotonic trend and shift in concentration of monsoon precipitation across West Bengal, India, by analysing the time series of monthly precipitation ...from 18 weather stations during the period from 1901 to 2002. In dealing with, the inhomogeneity in the precipitation series, RHtestsV4 software package is used to detect, and adjust for, multiple change points (shifts) that could exist in data series. Finally, the cumulative deviation test was applied at 5% significant level to check the homogeneity (presence of historic changes by cumulative deviations test). Afterward, non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Theil-Sen estimator (TSE) was applied to detect of nature and slope of trends; and, Sequential Mann Kendall (SQMK) test was applied for detection of turning point and magnitude of change in trends. Prior to the application of statistical tests, the pre-whitening technique was used to eliminate the effect of autocorrelation in precipitation data series. Four indices- precipitation concentration index (PCI), precipitation concentration degree (PCD), precipitation concentration period (PCP) and fulcrum (centre of gravity) were used to detect precipitation concentration and the spatial pattern in it. The application of the above-mentioned procedures has shown very notable statewide monotonic trend for monsoon precipitation time series. Regional cluster analysis by SQMK found increasing precipitation in mountain and coastal regions in general, except during the non- monsoon seasons. The results show that higher PCI values were mainly observed in South Bengal, whereas lower PCI values were mostly detected in North Bengal. The PCI values are noticeably larger in places where both monsoon total precipitation and span of rainy season are lower. The results of PCP reveal that precipitation in Gangetic Bengal mostly occurs in summer (monsoon season), and the rainy season arrives earlier in North Bengal than South Bengal, whereas the results of PCD also indicate that the precipitation in North Bengal was more dispersed within a year than that in South Bengal. The concentration characteristic of precipitation could be detected by fulcrum analysis, and significant concentration over most of West Bengal was obvious within July month band. Precipitation trend observed in West Bengal is compared with that in Central India (CI) region and comparison of precipitation departure with Indian monsoon and Gangetic Bengal can be explained by forecasting ensemble.
•State-wide spatio-temporal monotonic trend (magnitude of the trend varies between −1.73 mm/year and 1.38 mm/year) for long term monsoon precipitation.•Regional cluster analysis shows increasing precipitation in Himalayan foothills and coastal regions during the monsoon season.•The PCI values are noticeably larger in places where both monsoon total precipitation and span of precipitation is less.•The PCP values reveal that the monsoon arrives earlier in North Bengal than South Bengal, while PCD values indicate that the precipitation in North Bengal is more dispersed within a year than that in South Bengal.•Fulcrum analysis suggests significant shift in concentration of monsoon precipitation could be found from Mid July to late July.•Precipitation trend observed in West Bengal is compared with that in CI region and which reveals that precipitation departure trend in Gangetic West Bengal Closely follows all India pattern and may be predicted by forecasting ensemble.
"... Mr. Arad reports as a controlled and effective witness for the prosecution... Mr. Arad's book, with its abundance of horrifying detail, reminds us of how far we have to go."-New York Times Book ...Review
"... some of the most gripping chapters I have ever read... the authentic, exhaustive, definitive account of the least known death camps of the Nazi era." -Raul Hilberg
Arad, historian and principal prosecution witness at the Israeli trial of John Demjanjuk (accused of being Treblinka's infamous "Ivan the Terrible"), uses primary materials to reveal the complete story of these Nazi death camps.
Liquid coordination complexes (LCCs), which are formed between metal halides and donor molecules, represent promising catalysts. Six amide-AlClsub.3 LCCs were successfully synthesized, followed by ...their characterization through NMR, Raman, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The acidity of these LCCs was quantified by performing computational modelling of fluoride ion affinities (FIA) and experimental Gutmann–Beckett measurements. Spectroscopic analysis indicated bidentate coordination between amide ligands and Al, which induced asymmetric splitting of Alsub.2Clsub.6 into diverse ions such as AlClsub.2Lsub.2sup.+, AlClsub.4sup.−, AlClsub.3L, and Alsub.2Clsub.6L. The computed FIA was found to align well with the experimental acidity trends, thereby confirming the proposed structure of the LCC. In the alkylation tests, the LCC with a high acidity demonstrated an increase in the yields of Csub.5-Csub.7 alkylates. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the tuneable structures of amide-AlClsub.3 LCCs. The acidity of LCCs can be controlled by tuning the ratio of the organic ligand to AlClsub.3, which allows bidentate coordination to facilitate asymmetric splitting of Alsub.2Clsub.6. The LCCs demonstrate a high degree of potential as versatile and sustainable acid catalysts in alkylation reactions. These findings may advance the foundational knowledge of LCCs for the purpose of targeted acid catalyst design.
This book is rooted in the author’s experience as an interviewer and researcher in the Mauthausen Survivors Documentation Project – the biggest European oral history project devoted to a single Nazi ...concentration camp system, realized in the years 2002/2003 at the University of Vienna. Over 850 Mauthausen survivors have been recorded worldwide, more than 160 of them in Poland, and over 30 by the author. The work offers an in-depth analysis of Polish survivors’ accounts, sensitive to both, form and content of these stories, as well as their social and cultural framing. The analysis is accompanied by an interpretation of (Polish) camp experiences in a broader biographical and historical perspective. The book is an interpretive journey from camp experiences, through the survivors’ memories, to narratives recalling them − and backwards.
This paper investigates the free chloride profiles, diffusion parameters and chloride binding capacity of an alkali activated concrete (AACM) together with a control Portland cement (PC) concrete. ...Ggbs based AACM concrete specimens with different molarity of activator were exposed to a 5% NaCl solution for 540days to determine their free chloride diffusion properties. The relationships between the free and bound chloride concentration were determined by applying Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The required cover to steel reinforcement for corrosion prevention is derived to satisfy the limiting thresholds of free and bound chloride concentrations.
The results show that Fick's second law of diffusion applies to the free chloride profiles of AACM concrete and provides higher values of diffusion coefficients than a similar grade of PC concrete. The relationship between the free and bound chlorides is defined by the Langmuir isotherm. PC concrete has higher chloride binding capacity than AACM concrete for both water and acid soluble chlorides. Less concrete cover to steel reinforcement is required in AACM than PC concrete when calculated by using the bound chloride concentration threshold limit. The values of cover based on the corresponding free chloride limit in AACM concrete are higher than its bound chloride values.
•Reinforcement covers in AACM concrete based on total bound chloride threshold.•Reinforcement covers in AACM concrete based on free chloride threshold.•Langmuir isotherm relationship for free and bound chloride.•Reinforcement covers in AACM concrete relative to PC concrete.
Artifacts of Loss Dusselier, Jane E
2008, 20081201, 2008-12-01
eBook
From 1942 to 1946, as America prepared for war, 120,000 people of Japanese descent were forcibly interned in harsh desert camps across the American west.
In Artifacts of Loss, Jane E. Dusselier looks ...at the lives of these internees through the lens of their art. These camp-made creations included flowers made with tissue paper and shells, wood carvings of pets left behind, furniture made from discarded apple crates, gardens grown next to their housingùanything to help alleviate the visual deprivation and isolation caused by their circumstances. Their crafts were also central in sustaining, re-forming, and inspiring new relationships. Creating, exhibiting, consuming, living with, and thinking about art became embedded in the everyday patterns of camp life and helped provide internees with sustenance for mental, emotional, and psychic survival.
Dusselier urges her readers to consider these often overlooked folk crafts as meaningful political statements which are significant as material forms of protest and as representations of loss. She concludes briefly with a discussion of other displaced people around the globe today and the ways in which personal and group identity is reflected in similar creative ways.
There is concern that antibiotics in the environment can select for and enrich bacteria carrying acquired antibiotic resistance genes, thus increasing the potential of those genes to emerge in a ...clinical context. A critical question for understanding and managing such risks is what levels of antibiotics are needed to select for resistance in complex bacterial communities. Here, we address this question by examining the phenotypic and genotypic profiles of aquatic communities exposed to ciprofloxacin, also evaluating the within-species selection of resistant E. coli in complex communities. The taxonomic composition was significantly altered at ciprofloxacin exposure concentrations down to 1 μg/L. Shotgun metagenomic analysis indicated that mobile quinolone resistance determinants (qnrD, qnrS and qnrB) were enriched as a direct consequence of ciprofloxacin exposure from 1 μg/L or higher. Only at 5–10 μg/L resistant E.coli increased relative to their sensitive counterparts. These resistant E. coli predominantly harbored non-transferrable, chromosomal triple mutations (gyrA S83 L, D87N and parC S80I), which confer high-level resistance. In a controlled experimental setup such as this, we interpret effects on taxonomic composition and enrichment of mobile quinolone resistance genes as relevant indicators of risk. Hence, the lowest observed effect concentration for resistance selection in complex communities by ciprofloxacin was 1 μg/L and the corresponding no observed effect concentration 0.1 μg/L. These findings can be used to define and implement discharge or surface water limits to reduce risks for selection of antibiotic resistance in the environment.
•Selective properties of ciprofloxacin were assessed in biofilms and suspensions.•Bacterial communities from treated wastewater effluent were exposed.•Ciprofloxacin selects for resistant E. coli at 5–10 μg/L in complex communities.•Taxonomic shifts and increase in mobile quinolone resistance were found at 1 μg/L.•Ciprofloxacin should not exceed 0.1 μg/L to limit risks for resistance selection.
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