Amitav Ghosh's novel The Shadow Lines (1988) is probably the most important fictional work to have appeared in South Asian literature in the last quarter of a century: it sums up and fictionalises ...all the major issues of Postcolonial literature – the search for identity, the need for independence and the difficult relationship with colonial culture, the rewriting of colonial past, an attempt at creating a new language and a new narrative form and the use of personal memory to understand communal past. In this article I try to show how Ghosh manages to do so by continually transforming the title metaphor, thus ever changing its meaning. The first part of the essay is devoted to the use of the image of borders in Postcolonial theory, and especially in Salman Rushdie’s critical essays, while the last section deals with a novel where the extreme possibilities of the same metaphor are exploited: Rayuela (Hopscotch) by Julio Cortázar.
A lifelike human face can enhance interactive applications by providing straightforward feedback to and from the users and stimulating emotional responses from them. An expressive, realistic avatar ...should not “express himself” in the narrow confines of the six archetypal expressions. In this paper, we present a system which generates intermediate expression profiles (set of FAPs) combining profiles of the six archetypal expressions, by utilizing concepts included in the MPEG-4 standard.
This book, first published in 2007, seeks to examine a consistent theme occurring in judgements and awards given by international tribunals in the matter of boundary disputes, a theme which is ...predicated on finding some sort of difficulty in the implementation of those awards and judgements. This is a feature prominent in boundary and territorial disputes inasmuch as decisions relative to title to territory and location of a boundary line are always keenly contested and hotly disputed. Two remedies which have frequently been relied on by States are those of interpretation and revision. The author sheds light on how, when and in what circumstances will the tribunal be able to interpret or revise either its own or another tribunal's decisions. By doing so, the study succeeds in contributing to an understanding of this area of the law.
The U.S.-Mexico border is the busiest in the world, the longest and most dramatic meeting point of a rich and poor country, and the site of intense confrontation between law enforcement and law ...evasion. Border control has changed in recent years from a low-maintenance and politically marginal activity to an intensive campaign focusing on drugs and migrant labor. Yet the unprecedented buildup of border policing has taken place in an era otherwise defined by the opening of the border, most notably through NAFTA. This contrast creates a borderless economy with a barricaded border.
In the updated and expanded second edition of his essential book on policing the U.S.-Mexico border, Peter Andreas places the continued sharp escalation of border policing in the context of a transformed post-September 11 security environment. As Andreas demonstrates, in some ways it is still the same old border game but more difficult to manage, with more players, played out on a bigger stage, and with higher stakes and collateral damage.
The U.S.-Mexico border is the busiest in the world, the longest and most dramatic meeting point of a rich and poor country, and the site of intense confrontation between law enforcement and law evasion. Border control has changed in recent years from a low-maintenance and politically marginal activity to an intensive campaign focusing on drugs and migrant labor. Yet the unprecedented buildup of border policing has taken place in an era otherwise defined by the opening of the border, most notably through NAFTA. This contrast creates a borderless economy with a barricaded border.
In the updated and expanded second edition of his essential book on policing the U.S.-Mexico border, Peter Andreas places the continued sharp escalation of border policing in the context of a transformed post-September 11 security environment. As Andreas demonstrates, in some ways it is still the same old border game but more difficult to manage, with more players, played out on a bigger stage, and with higher stakes and collateral damage.
The effect of temperature and humidity on flight initiation and mortality of adult Euophryum confine (Broun) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was investigated in the laboratory. Conditions for flight in ...this species are optimal when relative humidity (r.h.) drops below 30% (±5% r.h.) at 23 and 28°C (±1°C). Less flight activity was observed at higher levels of temperature (33°C) and humidity. Observations of flight at 23° and 28°C varied at humidities between 10-30%: 50% of the sampled population flew at 20% r.h. Temperature had no significant influence on flight initiation between 23-28°C throughout the relative humidity range found to support flight. However, percentage adult mortality was significantly higher at 33 than at 28°C, and decreased as relative humidity increased over the 10-30% range.
The influence of early-wood hardness on the tunnelling activity of
Euophryum confine Broun (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is reported. The hardness of
Pinus nigra (Arnold) sapwood blocks was measured ...using a micro-hardness testing device that simulated a mandible. Hardness was influenced by moisture content and wood decay. Hardness was found to be significantly lower at 25% equilibrium moisture content than at 15% in both undecayed wood and in wood decayed to 10% average weight loss by the brown rot fungi
Coniophora puteana (Schum. Fr.) Karst.,
Serpula lacrymans (Wulf. Fr.) Schroet. and white rot fungus
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Fr.) Kumm. In addition to this loss of weight from the blocks, there was also a significant reduction in early-wood hardness. Adult tunnelling was assessed over 7 days by wood weight loss, after any fungal decay had been arrested. Greater weight losses were recorded in blocks that had undergone fungal decay or had increased moisture content. Assessments of early-wood hardness in wild infestations of
E. confine showed weevils tunnelled, decayed wood within an early-wood hardness range between 8.1 and
44.3
N/
mm
2
.
The inverse design method has recently been used effectively in the design of nanophotonic devices, since it provides effective optimization of all structural parameters that are not possible with ...heuristic methods. In this study, using the inverse design algorithm, nanobeam cavity design with very small dimensions, which can trap the light in the structure effectively, has been realized. In order to design cavity structure, the objective-first algorithm, which is fast as well as providing reliable results, has been effectively revised and used. We also examined the effect of the algorithm starting point on the quality factor, which is one of the most important figure of merit. As a result, the algorithm-based nanobeam structure design has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications at where integrated photonic devices are utilized such as nonlinear optics, quantum cryptology, lasers, filters and biosensors.
1 - a car seen from above runs the alpine pass road
4 - plaque reminiscent of the fallen of the first world war
2 - the border: seat of the Carabinieri on the side of the Italian border, seat of the ...Austrian gendarmes on the other
6 - authorities of the two countries shake hands
5 - level crossing is raised
3 - men in uniforms deployed
1 - un'automobile vista dall'alto percorre la strada del passo alpino
2 - la frontiera: sede dei Carabinieri dalla parte del confine italiano, sede dei gendarmi austriaci dall'altra.
3 - uomini in divisa schierati
4 - targa che ricorda i caduti della Prima Guerra Mondiale
5 - viene sollevato il passaggio a livello
6 - autorità dei due paesi si stringono la mano
► Two types of modes (IO and QC) are confirmed in the wurtzite/zinc-blende ZnO/MgO Q0D. ► Explicit and unified phonon states and dispersive equations for the modes are given. ► Dispersive spectra of ...phonon modes are discrete functions of quantum numbers
l and
m.
Based on the macroscopic dielectric continuum model and Loudon’s uniaxial crystal model, the polar optical phonon modes of a quasi-0-dimensional (Q0D) wurtzite spherical nanocrystal embedded in zinc-blende dielectric matrix are derived and studied. It is found that there are two types of polar phonon modes, i.e. interface optical (IO) phonon modes and the quasi-confined (QC) phonon modes coexisting in Q0D wurtzite ZnO nanocrystal embedded in zinc-blende MgO matrix. Via solving Laplace equations under spheroidal and spherical coordinates, the unified and analytical phonon states and dispersive equations of IO and QC modes are derived. Numerical calculations on a wurtzite/zinc-blende ZnO/MgO nanocrystal are performed. The frequency ranges of the IO and QC phonon modes of the ZnO/MgO nanocrystals are analyzed and discussed. It is found that the IO modes only exist in one frequency range, while QC modes may appear in three frequency ranges. The dispersive frequencies of IO and QC modes are the discrete functions of orbital quantum numbers
l and azimuthal quantum numbers
m. Moreover, a pair of given
l and
m corresponds to one IO mode, but to more than one branches of QC. The analytical phonon states and dispersive equations obtained here are quite useful for further investigating Raman spectra of phonons and other relative properties of wurtzite/zinc-blende Q0D nanocrystal structures.
