A construção civil tem um papel de destaque na economia dos países, não sendo diferente na economia brasileira. Este setor é responsável por considerável movimentação financeira que impulsiona parte ...do desenvolvimento econômico. Sabe-se que, no referido setor, existe um grande índice de desperdício, retrabalho, necessidade de aprimoramento na organização de estoque, sequência das atividades e acompanhamento das operações. Diversos autores apresentam ferramenta lean construction para aumentar a produtividade, diminuir custos, aprimorar a execução das atividades e gerar valor por meio da análise de desperdícios nos serviços envolvidos na construção civil. Neste contexto, este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar os resultados de uma análise preliminar de como a construção enxuta é aplicada no cotidiano de um grupo de profissionais técnicos, engenheiros, arquitetos, diretores, gerentes e outros envolvidos no setor da construção civil em uma cidade do estado de Minas Gerais.
This open access book compiles the research results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 837, which has been running since 2010 and will end in 2022, with the topic "Interaction Modeling in ...Mechanized Tunneling". The Collaborative Research Center is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) and is currently the world's largest research facility in the field of tunneling. The aim of the publication is to make our scientific findings accessible to the international professional community. The individual chapters deal with all subsystems relevant in mechanized tunneling and their interaction. The latest results of digital planning and real-time tunneling support have been included.
Although, the basic concept of a fuel cell is quite simple, creating new designs and optimizing their performance takes serious work and a mastery of several technical areas. PEM Fuel Cell Modeling ...and Simulation Using Matlab, provides design engineers and researchers with a valuable tool for understanding and overcoming barriers to designing and building the next generation of PEM Fuel Cells. With this book, engineers can test components and verify designs in the development phase, saving both time and money. Easy to read and understand, this book provides design and modelling tips for fuel cell components such as: modelling proton exchange structure, catalyst layers, gas diffusion, fuel distribution structures, fuel cell stacks and fuel cell plant. This book includes design advice and MATLAB and FEMLAB codes for Fuel Cell types such as: polymer electrolyte, direct methanol and solid oxide fuel cells. This book also includes types for one, two and three dimensional modeling and two-phase flow phenomena and microfluidics.
Tensegrity Systems Oliveira, Mauricio C; Skelton, Robert E
Springer eBooks,
2009, 20090430
eBook
Odprti dostop
Tensegrity Systems discusses analytical tools to design energy efficient and lightweight structures employing the concept of 'tensegrity.' This word is Buckminister Fuller's contraction of the words ...'Tensile' and 'Integrity,' which suggests that integrity or, as we would say, stability of the structure comes from tension. In a tensegrity structure the rigid bodies (the bars), might not have any contact, thus providing extraordinary freedom to control shape, by controlling only tendons. Tensegrity Systems covers both static and dynamic analysis of special tensegrity structural concepts, which are motivated by biological material architecture. Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrative applications, Robert Skelton and Mauricio C. de Oliveira discuss: The design of tensegrity structures using analytical tools The integration of tensegrity systems into a combined framework including structural design and control design The rules for filling space (tesselation) with self-similar structures that guarantee a specific mechanical property are provided Tensegrity Systems will be of interest to all engineers who design or control light-weight structures, including deployable and robotic structures, and shape controllable structures. Also, Engineers interested in the study of advanced dynamics will find new and useful algorithms for multibody systems.
Water in and beneath a road pavement has a major impact on the road's performance and its survivability. This book provides a state-of-the-art on the topic of water in pavements and the adjacent ...ground. It includes coverage of the basic theory; where the water comes from; how it may (or may not) be drained; the effect of temperature on the movement; how movements may be modelled numerically; and the impact that water content has on pavement material and subgrade behaviour. Sections on instrumentation and monitoring are also provided. With increased concerns that road construction may introduce contaminants into the environment, the book also studies environmental aspects of water in roads and their immediate surroundings by describing the leaching action of pavement water; the opportunities for the pavement to sorb contaminants from pavement run-off; water sampling; and water quality needs. It draws on information from a wide variety of sources, particularly in Europe and the USA, both published and unpublished, having been written by a broad team of practising engineers, hydrogeologists, environmental scientists and researchers. This book is the principal output of a large collaborative study performed as part of the COST programme, managed by the European Science Foundation.
Off-site construction aims to shift construction work to factory environment wherein enabling modular paneling to be automated. Whereas this approach has proven to be advantageous for the Canadian ...industry, the changes in the manufacturing processes of panelized walls bring new challenges and opportunities to the construction industry. Within such a controlled environment, inspection for safety and product quality can be automatized. A visual sensor can perform such duties for frame assemblies. This paper proposes a vision-based framework for automatic supervision of the light-gauge steel frame pre-manufacturing stage. The proposed framework is implemented as a Python-based program on the machine environment. The information extracted from an industrial camera placed on top of a steel framing machine prototype is compared with the manufacturing information available from the building information model (BIM) for each frame. The proposed framework is tested on several simulated and real scenarios to validate its accuracy and limitations. The results show this approach successfully identifies, validates and corrects, if needed, the frame assembly on its pre-manufacturing stage.
•Real-time vision-based framework developed to inspect steel frame assemblies•Knowledge-based decision-making system to ascertain product quality in framing•Real-time communication to validate or correct errors in pre-manufacturing stage•Method validated in 3 virtual (CAD) scenarios and a real frame assembly
This Book is a Printed Edition of the Special Issue which covers sustainability as an emerging requirement in the fields of construction management, project management and engineering. We invited ...authors to submit their theoretical or experimental research articles that address the challenges and opportunities for sustainable construction in all its facets, including technical topics and specific operational or procedural solutions, as well as strategic approaches aimed at the project, company or industry level. Central to developments are smart technologies and sophisticated decision-making mechanisms that augment sustainable outcomes. The Special Issue was received with great interest by the research community and attracted a high number of submissions. The selection process sought to balance the inclusion of a broad representative spread of topics against research quality, with editors and reviewers settling on thirty-three articles for publication. The Editors invite all participating researchers and those interested in sustainable construction engineering and management to read the summary of the Special Issue and of course to access the full-text articles provided in the Book for deeper analyses.
Si je t’aime ! Régimes insubordonnés Corminboeuf, Gilles; Monney, Matthieu
SHS Web of Conferences,
2022, Letnik:
138
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
L’étude porte sur les constructions exclamatives « insubordonnées » du type
Si je t’aime !
Au plan syntaxique, nous montrons que les
si p
interrogatives indirectes isolées conduisent à deux analyses ...syntaxiques concurrentes : si certaines
si p
fonctionnent de manière autonome, d’autres – qui entrent dans une configuration échoïque explicite – sont analysables de deux manières (construction autonome ou construction elliptique). Au plan pragmatique, nous soulignons d’une part qu’une composante échoïque est inhérente à notre construction, que l’écho soit explicite ou implicite. D’autre part, nous postulons que notre construction non seulement valide à nouveau implicitement un objet-de-discours dont elle présuppose l’existence, mais rehausse son degré de confiance, périmant par là sa mise en doute par l’allocutaire.
The study focuses on “insubordinate” exclamatory constructions in French like
Si je t’aime!
At the syntactic level, we show that isolated indirect interrogative
si p
-clauses allow two competing syntactic analyses: if some function autonomously, others – with an explicit echoic dimension – can be analyzed in two ways (autonomous construction or elliptical construction). On the pragmatic side, we show that an echoic component is inherent to our construction, whether the echo is explicit or implicit. On the other hand, we postulate that our construction not only implicitly revalidates an object-of-speech whose existence is presupposed, but also enhances its degree of confidence, thereby contradicting its doubtfulness by the addressee.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the largest global health crisis in decades. Apart from the unprecedented number of deaths and hospitalizations, the pandemic has resulted in economic slowdowns, ...widespread business disruptions, and significant hardships. This study focused on investigating the early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. construction industry since the declaration of the national emergency on 13 March 2020. The study objectives were achieved through 34 telephone interviews with project managers, engineers, designers, and superintendents that represented different states and distinct industry sectors in the United States (U.S.). The interviewees offered information on their experience with the pandemic, including the general and adverse effects experienced, new opportunities created, and risk management efforts being undertaken. The reported adverse effects included significant delays on projects, inability to secure materials on time, reduction in productivity rates, material price escalations, and others. The new opportunities that were created included projects involving the fast-track construction of medical facilities, construction of residential buildings, transportation-related work, and opportunities to recruit skilled workers. The risk management measures that were widely adopted included measures to enhance safety and reduce other project risks. The safety measures adopted included requiring employees to wear cloth face masks, adoption of social distancing protocols, staggering of construction operations, offering COVID-19-related training, administering temperature checks prior to entry into the workplace, and others. Measures to manage other project risks included the formation of a task force team to review the evolving pandemic and offer recommendations, advocating that construction businesses be deemed essential to combat delays and taking advantage of government relief programs. The study findings will be useful to industry stakeholders interested in understanding the early impacts of the pandemic on the construction industry. Industry stakeholders may also build upon the reported findings and establish best practices for continued safe and productive operations.
•Case studies of materially different residential projects based on equivalent thermal performance for time, life cycle cost and energy analysis.•Research considers different techniques, processes ...and methods and their affects on energy used in constructing homes of different materials.•Results will lead to a deeper look into prefabrication of residential construction and the potential reductions in life cycle energy using timber.
There is currently a limited use of timber products in residential development in Australia due to the dominance of heavy materials such as concrete, steel and brick. This dominant use of heavy materials is a reversal of the traditional material choice that was based predominantly on timber products. Technological advances and efficiencies drove the change to heavy materials to use in residential construction. The emerging issue with this reliance on heavy materials is the impact of their use on the environment. The carbon impact and problem of finite resource depletion associated with concrete, steel and bricks need to be addressed due to the increasing pressure from national and international requirements and legislations. The construction industry needs to reduce its negative impact on the environment and the renewable nature of timber presents a material solution to the problem. Timber from sustainably managed forests and plantations can be utilised as lumber or manufactured into engineered products for residential development. This paper examines the benefits of timber used in building envelopes when compared with conventional high-density materials such as brick and concrete when construction is designed with equivalent thermal performance. Multiple case studies were used to demonstrate the reduced life cycle energy and costs, and the time of construction benefits of timber when used as an alternative to heavy materials. Results revealed that Life cycle energy and time of construction showed noticeable differences between timber construction and heavy materials and cost showing marginal differences.
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