This article investigates the role of direct input in the code-mixing of three bilingual children aged 2–4 years acquiring English as one language, and either German, Polish, or Finnish as the other. ...From a usage-based perspective, it is assumed that early children’s utterances are item-based and that they contain many lexically fixed patterns. To account for such patterns, the traceback method has been developed to test the hypothesis that children’s utterances are constructed on the basis of a limited inventory of chunks and frame-and-slot patterns. We apply this method to the code-mixed utterances, suggesting that much of the code-mixing occurs within frame-and-slot patterns, such as
Was ist X?
as in
Was ist breakfast muesli?
“What is breakfast muesli?” We further analyzed each code-mixed utterance in terms of priming. Our findings suggest that much of the early code-mixing is based on concrete lexically fixed patterns which are subject to input occurring in immediately prior speech, either the child’s own or that of her caregivers.
Innovation can be a key mechanism to address some of society's greatest challenges, or it can contribute to them. There is extensive conceptual academic literature focused on how policy can be used ...to create more positive societal and environmental impacts through innovation, however, little empirical evidence exists to understand to what extent innovation policy in particular embeds the principles of social and environmental sustainability into its discourse. We begin to address this lack of evidence by using a critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics approach to explore how UK Innovation Policy embeds the concepts of societal and environmental impact, and how it balances these at times conflicting paradigms into policy documents. We find that although there is some inclusion of key environmental and societal words these are predominately secondary to economic themes, signalling a ‘business as usual’ approach to innovation policy.
•We provide a comprehensive definition of sustainable innovation policy building on types of alternative innovation.•Our methodology contributes a novel way to assess the underlying sustainability paradigms in policy documents.•Social and environmental paradigms are underrepresented in innovation policy and are dominated by the economic paradigm.•We make recommendations for ways in which policymakers can integrate sustainable innovation policy principles further.
Tasting notes Belén López Arroyo; Lucia Sanz Valdivieso
Ibérica (Castellón de la Plana, Spain),
06/2022
43
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Tasting notes are professional texts used in different specialised contexts with the purpose of organising the taster’s sensory perceptions into attributes. There have been multiple studies focusing ...on the linguistic features of tasting notes, from their rhetorical structure to their use of metaphors; however, they have never been analysed using a combination of different, but complementary, linguistic perspectives, genre, and register. Our methodology, by employing these approaches, will outline comprehensively their features. In this paper, we will analyse the genre and register features of tasting notes in two different specialised languages in a corpus to find out whether there is a disciplinary variation or not. Additionally, we will describe, classify and contrast the way information is organised at different levels of analysis. Our results will be useful for scholars of genre, register and discourse studies, and for experts and technical writers in the olive oil and wine sectors.
We develop a discrete model of type-token dynamics based on random type selection from the Zipf–Mandelbrot probability distribution, with a view to examining the relationships between the constants ...of Zipf’s and Heaps’ laws. Analysis of items randomly selected items from the Standardised Project Gutenberg Corpus (SPGC) reveal a significant low-frequency “droop” in the β-slope of the types vs. frequency distribution, inconsistent with the model when vocabulary is unlimited: when a finite vocabulary limit is imposed, optimal parameter selection allows the droop to be reproduced. We adjust the parameters of both the limited and unlimited vocabulary models to obtain optimal agreement with the vocabulary growth curves: the limited vocabulary model usually yields the best optimised agreement, but a sizeable minority of items are better represented by an unlimited vocabulary. While the optimised Zipf α indices correlate strongly with the corresponding values obtained directly from document statistics, the former are generally larger than the latter (though this is partially explained by the distorting effect of large values of the Mandelbrot parameter m). The β indices optimised from the limited vocabulary model are also compared with their directly measured equivalents, showing significant positive correlation. The relationship between optimised α and β agrees plausibly with the well-known continuum model, though the degree of agreement depends on how β is defined. The experiments yield repeatable results from each of three 100-item samples, demonstrating the statistical significance of the experiments.
•Items from Standardised Project Gutenberg Corpus (SPGC) computationally analysed.•Results used to study relationship between the Heaps and Zipf Laws.•Model uses static Zipf–Mandelbrot distribution for limited and unlimited vocabulary.•Dichotomy noted between items best modelled by limited and unlimited vocabularies.•Optimum model parameters correlate strongly with their independently measured values.
Scholars have long argued that technical editing should be viewed as a rhetorical practice in which copy editors take “a situational approach to each individual task” (Buehler, 1980/2003, p. 458). ...Yet many editing pedagogies still treat some language-level editing tasks, like those that involve prescriptive usage rules, as mechanical rather than rhetorical. This article discusses how empirical data from corpora can help copy editors adopt a more rhetorical view of prescriptive usage rules and introduces corpus linguistics as a methodology that can contribute to technical editing pedagogy.
This article considers the use of negative polarization in polar (yes/no) questions. It argues that question polarity is used to take an epistemic stance toward the probability or improbability of ...the state of affairs referenced in the question and that taking such a stance is effectively unavoidable. Focusing on negatively polarized questions (NPQs), four main kinds of evidence are adduced that NPQs are associated with the questioner's stance that the question's underlying proposition is unlikely: (a) self-repair to reverse or otherwise adjust polarity; (b) evidence from the prior talk from which the question is occasioned; (c) contexts in which a particular state of affairs is relevant but has remained unstated; (d) overall structural organizational features of talk (e.g., conversational closings) that militate against the likelihood of affirmative responses. Finally, the article proposes that question design represents a distinct organizational layer vis-à-vis the preference-organizational characteristics of actions, and it appears to function in distinctive ways in relation to recruitment- and affiliation-relevant questions (e.g., requests, offers, etc.) by comparison with information-seeking questions. Data are drawn from corpora of British and American English conversations.
On October 18-20, 2023, the twelfth international conference SLOVKO 2023 took place in the premises of the Devín Hotel in Bratislava. The event, focusing on natural language processing and corpus ...linguistics, was organized by the Slovak National Corpus Department of the Ľudovít Štúr Institute of Linguistics SAV.
The devastating 2019–2020 Australian bushfires attracted significant activity on social media, both in Australia and worldwide. We use corpus-based discourse analysis to explore the impact of this ...significant environmental crisis event on climate discussions on Australian Twitter, with a focus on discursive struggle and (de-)legitimation. We examine the most-retweeted tweets across three 30-day time periods, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Methodologically, we analyse hashtags to identify dominant Twitter discourses in the three phases. We also explore tweets that support or oppose the link between climate change and the fires, and the misleading arson discourse. We use collocation and concordance analysis, developing a new approach to categorising tweets for support and opposition. Results show that the bushfires had a clear impact on dominant Twitter climate discourses, that this intensified at the height of the bushfires, but receded significantly afterwards. Additionally, climate disinformation discourses seem to be a ‘minor’ dominant discourse rather than a ‘major’ dominant discourse in the Twitter datasets under investigation. Our study suggests that discursive legitimation becomes an outcome of discursive struggle; the very act of retweeting a tweet suggesting the bushfire crisis is indicative of the urgent need for broad climate action is, in a sense, contributing to the legitimisation of this discourse and countering the arguments of those who do not see the issues as linked.
What is the emotional impact that destinations have on their tourists? We offer a psycholinguistic view of tourists’ emotional experiences, by applying a methodology that objectively reveals how ...destinations move tourists emotionally. Deconstructing tourists’ perceptual process, our study extracts affective reactions from destination experiences and investigates their impact on tourists’ interpretation as expressed in large samples of Web 2.0 blogs. We apply Corpus Linguistics to measure the content and weight of eight basic emotions contained in those reactions and how they influence tourists’ meaning-making in 10 destination countries. The findings first uncover these affective reactions, and secondly, how combinations of positive and negative emotions help construct meaning-making. The emotions of Anticipation and Trust are revealed as the fundamental drivers of tourism. The study contributes theoretically and empirically to emotion research as well as a new methodology to measure experiences. The results impact destination image, experience, motivation, and satisfaction research.
Although it might appear contradictory to investigate noncanonical phraseological combinations in corpora, corpus linguistics research has revealed that they exceed canonical forms in number (Philip ...2008). This paper intends to discuss the idea of fixedness by analyzing variant forms of idioms, and if they qualify as wordplay. The Web, our data source, is employed for collecting such noncanonical occurrences in both English and Portuguese using keywords on the Google Search Engine. Our discussion mainly draws on studies relating to fixed phrases (Kjellmer 1991; Granger & Paquot 2008; Tagnin 2013); phraseological skeletons (Renouf & Sinclair 1991; Philip 2008), and idiom transformations (Veisbergs 1997; Barta 2005). Due attention is also given to search queries of nonstandard forms of fixed expressions in corpora (Philip 2008), and the translation of idiom-based wordplay (Veisbergs 1997; Brezolin 2020)
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